《JavaScript权威指南第六版》精华解读

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"JavaScript.The.Definitive.Guide.6th.Edition.Apr.2011" 《JavaScript: The Definitive Guide》第六版是David Flanagan撰写的一本关于JavaScript编程的权威指南。这本书深入浅出地讲解了JavaScript的核心概念、语法和特性，适合于已经有一定编程基础的学习者。作为第六版，它包含了自第五版以来JavaScript语言的最新发展和更新，如ECMAScript 5及之后版本的新特性和最佳实践。书中的内容可能涵盖以下几个关键知识点： 1. **JavaScript简介**：介绍JavaScript的历史、用途和它在Web开发中的重要地位，解释它是如何与HTML和CSS一起构建动态网页的。 2. **基础语法**：讲解变量、数据类型（包括基本类型和引用类型）、操作符、流程控制（条件语句、循环结构）以及函数的使用。 3. **对象和原型**：详细解析JavaScript的对象模型，包括对象的创建、属性和方法，以及原型链的概念，帮助读者理解JavaScript的面向对象特性。 4. **数组和集合**：讨论数组的使用，包括操作数组的方法，以及Set和Map等ES6新增的集合类型。 5. **函数和闭包**：深入探讨函数的高级特性，如函数表达式、立即执行函数、作用域和闭包，这些是JavaScript中非常重要的概念。 6. **正则表达式**：介绍正则表达式的语法和模式匹配，以及如何在JavaScript中使用它们进行字符串处理。 7. **错误处理**：讲解如何处理运行时错误，包括try...catch语句和自定义错误。 8. **DOM操作**：介绍如何使用JavaScript来操作文档对象模型（DOM），包括元素的选择、添加、删除和修改。 9. **事件处理**：讲解如何响应用户交互，包括事件监听、事件冒泡和事件委托。 10. **AJAX与异步通信**：介绍如何使用XMLHttpRequest对象进行异步数据交换，以及Promise和async/await等现代异步编程技术。 11. **ES6及后续版本新特性**：包括let和const变量声明、解构赋值、箭头函数、模板字符串、类和模块系统等。 12. **性能优化**：提供编写高性能JavaScript代码的技巧和最佳实践，包括内存管理、避免全局变量和减少DOM操作等。 13. **调试和测试**：介绍如何使用开发者工具进行JavaScript代码的调试，以及单元测试和集成测试的基本概念。这本书还可能包含一个详细的索引，便于读者查找特定的API或概念，以及丰富的示例代码，帮助读者将理论知识转化为实际的编程技能。作为一本权威指南，它适合于从初学者到高级开发者的各个层次，帮助他们掌握JavaScript这门强大的脚本语言。

A Note About Piracy

If you are reading a digital version of this book that you (or your employer) did not pay

for (or borrow from someone who did) then you probably have an illegally pirated copy.

Writing the sixth edition of this book was a full-time job, and it took more than a year.

The only way I get paid for that time is when readers actually buy the book. And the

only way I can afford to work on a seventh edition is if I get paid for the sixth.

I do not condone piracy, but if you have a pirated copy, go ahead and read a couple of

chapters. I think that you’ll find that this is a valuable source of information about

JavaScript, better organized and of higher quality than what you can find freely (and

legally) available on the Web. If you agree that this is a valuable source of information,

then please pay for that value by purchasing a legal copy (either digital or print) of the

book. On the other hand, if you find that this book is no more valuable than the free

information on the web, then please discard your pirated copy and use those free

information sources.

Conventions Used in This Book

I use the following typographical conventions in this book:

Italic

Is used for emphasis and to indicate the first use of a term. Italic is also used for

email addresses, URLs and file names.

Constant width

Is used in all JavaScript code and CSS and HTML listings, and generally for any-

thing that you would type literally when programming.

Constant width italic

Is used for the names of function parameters, and generally as a placeholder to

indicate an item that should be replaced with an actual value in your program.

Example Code

The examples in this book are available online. You can find them linked from the

book’s catalog page at the publisher’s website:

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596805531/

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in

this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact O’Reilly

for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,

writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require

permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does

require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example

xiv | Preface

code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code

from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

If you use the code from this book, I appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An

attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Java-

nagan, 978-0-596-80552-4.”

For more details on the O’Reilly code reuse policy, see http://oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/

ask_tim/2001/codepolicy.html. If you feel your use of the examples falls outside of the

permission given above, feel free to contact O’Reilly at permissions@oreilly.com.

Errata and How to Contact Us

The publisher maintains a public list of errors found in this book. You can view the

list, and submit the errors you find, by visiting the book’s web page:

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596805531

To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to:

bookquestions@oreilly.com

For more information about our books, conferences, Resource Centers, and the

O’Reilly Network, see our website at:

http://www.oreilly.com

Find us on Facebook: http://facebook.com/oreilly

Watch us on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/oreillymedia

Acknowledgments

Many people have helped me with the creation of this book. I’d like to thank my editor,

Mike Loukides, for trying to keep me on schedule and for his insightful comments.

Thanks also to my technical reviewers: Zachary Kessin, who reviewed many of the

chapters in Part I, and Raffaele Cecco, who reviewed Chapter 19 and the <canvas>

material in Chapter 21. The production team at O’Reilly has done their usual fine job:

Dan Fauxsmith managed the production process, Teresa Elsey was the production

editor, Rob Romano drew the figures, and Ellen Troutman Zaig created the index.

In this era of effortless electronic communication, it is impossible to keep track of all

those who influence and inform us. I’d like to thank everyone who has answered my

questions on the es5, w3c, and whatwg mailing lists, and everyone who has shared their

insightful ideas about JavaScript programming online. I’m sorry I can’t list you all by

Preface | xv

JavaScript: Names and Versions

JavaScript was created at Netscape in the early days of the Web, and technically, “Java-

Script” is a trademark licensed from Sun Microsystems (now Oracle) used to describe

Netscape’s (now Mozilla’s) implementation of the language. Netscape submitted the

language for standardization to ECMA—the European Computer Manufacturer’s As-

sociation—and because of trademark issues, the standardized version of the language

was stuck with the awkward name “ECMAScript.” For the same trademark reasons,

Microsoft’s version of the language is formally known as “JScript.” In practice, just

about everyone calls the language JavaScript. This book uses the name “ECMAScript”

only to refer to the language standard.

For the last decade, all web browsers have implemented version 3 of the ECMAScript

standard and there has really been no need to think about version numbers: the lan-

guage standard was stable and browser implementations of the language were, for the

most part, interoperable. Recently, an important new version of the language has been

defined as ECMAScript version 5 and, at the time of this writing, browsers are beginning

to implement it. This book covers all the new features of ECMAScript 5 as well as all

the long-standing features of ECMAScript 3. You’ll sometimes see these language ver-

sions abbreviated as ES3 and ES5, just as you’ll sometimes see the name JavaScript

abbreviated as JS.

When we’re speaking of the language itself, the only version numbers that are relevant

are ECMAScript versions 3 or 5. (Version 4 of ECMAScript was under development

for years, but proved to be too ambitious and was never released.) Sometimes, however,

you’ll also see a JavaScript version number, such as JavaScript 1.5 or JavaScript 1.8.

These are Mozilla’s version numbers: version 1.5 is basically ECMAScript 3, and later

versions include nonstandard language extensions (see Chapter 11). Finally, there are

also version numbers attached to particular JavaScript interpreters or “engines.” Goo-

gle calls its JavaScript interpreter V8, for example, and at the time of this writing the

current version of the V8 engine is 3.0.

To be useful, every language must have a platform or standard library or API of func-

tions for performing things like basic input and output. The core JavaScript language

defines a minimal API for working with text, arrays, dates, and regular expressions but

does not include any input or output functionality. Input and output (as well as more

sophisticated features, such as networking, storage, and graphics) are the responsibility

of the “host environment” within which JavaScript is embedded. Usually that host

environment is a web browser (though we’ll see two uses of JavaScript without a web

browser in Chapter 12). Part I of this book covers the language itself and its minimal

built-in API. Part II explains how JavaScript is used in web browsers and covers the

sprawling browser-based APIs loosely known as “client-side JavaScript.”

Part III is the reference section for the core API. You can read about the JavaScript array

manipulation API by looking up “Array” in this part of the book, for example.

Part IV is the reference section for client-side JavaScript. You might look up “Canvas”

2 | Chapter 1: Introduction to JavaScript

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