PL/SQL Developer 10.0 用户指南：编程与优化

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"PLSQL Developer 10.0 User's Guide" 这本用户指南是针对PLSQL Developer 10.0版本的详细说明，旨在帮助用户理解和操作这个强大的Oracle数据库开发工具。PL/SQL Developer是一款专门用于编写、调试和优化PL/SQL代码的集成开发环境（IDE）。以下是对指南中各个章节内容的详细解释： 1. 介绍 (INTRODUCTION) 这一章可能包含了关于PLSQL Developer 10.0的基本信息，它的功能特性以及为什么它是开发和管理Oracle数据库的理想选择。可能还包括了软件的新特性和改进。 2. 安装 (INSTALLATION) - 系统要求 (SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS) 提供了运行PLSQL Developer所需的硬件和软件配置。 - 工作站安装 (WORKSTATION INSTALLATION) 指导用户如何在个人电脑上安装软件。 - 服务器端安装 (SERVER-BASED INSTALLATION) 说明如何在服务器环境中部署PLSQL Developer。 - 脚本安装 (SCRIPTED INSTALLATION) 介绍了自动化安装过程的方法，适用于大规模部署或批量安装。 - 卸载PL/SQL Developer (UNINSTALLING PL/SQL DEVELOPER) 描述了如何从系统中移除该软件。 3. 登录Oracle数据库 (LOGGING ON TO AN ORACLE DATABASE) 这一部分讲述了如何连接到Oracle数据库，设置连接参数和管理多个数据库连接。 4. 编写程序 (WRITING PROGRAMS) - 创建程序 (CREATING A PROGRAM) 用户将学习如何在PLSQL Developer中创建新的PL/SQL块。 - 保存程序 (SAVING A PROGRAM) 解释了如何保存工作，确保代码安全。 - 修改程序 (MODIFYING A PROGRAM) 描述了编辑和更新已存在的PL/SQL代码的过程。 - 编译程序 (COMPILING A PROGRAM) 讲解了编译PL/SQL代码以检查语法错误和逻辑问题。 - 比较程序 (COMPARING A PROGRAM) 用户可以对比不同版本的程序，查看差异。 - 编译器偏好 (COMPILER PREFERENCES) 提供了自定义编译器设置和首选项的指导。 5. 测试程序 (TESTING PROGRAMS) - 创建测试脚本 (CREATING A TEST SCRIPT) 教用户如何创建测试用例来验证程序的正确性。 - 执行测试脚本 (EXECUTING A TEST SCRIPT) 说明如何运行测试并查看结果。 - 变量类型 (VARIABLE TYPES) 介绍了PL/SQL中的不同变量类型及其使用方法。 - 保存测试脚本 (SAVING TEST SCRIPTS) 如何保存测试脚本以便重复使用或进一步调试。 - 跟踪运行时错误 (TRACKING RUN-TIME ERRORS) 详细讲解了如何识别和解决运行时遇到的问题。 - 包状态与Java会话状态 (PACKAGE STATES & JAVASESSION STATES) 说明了如何查看和管理这些状态以确保代码正常运行。 - 查看结果集 (VIEWING RESULT SETS) 用户可以查看程序执行后的数据结果。 - 查看DBMS_OUTPUT (VIEWING DBMS_OUTPUT) 提供了如何显示和分析DBMS_OUTPUT缓冲区的输出。 - 查看HTTP输出 (VIEWING HTTP OUTPUT) 如果涉及到Web服务，这部分将指导如何查看HTTP响应。 - 调试 (DEBUGGING) 介绍了如何设置断点、单步执行和检查变量值。 - 追踪执行 (TRACING EXECUTION) 解释了如何记录程序执行的详细信息以进行性能分析。 - 回归测试 (REGRESSION TESTING) 讨论了如何自动化测试以确保修改不影响现有功能。 6. 优化 (OPTIMIZING) - 使用EXPLAIN PLAN窗口 (USING THE EXPLAIN PLAN WINDOW) 通过EXPLAIN PLAN来理解查询的执行计划和性能。 - 自动统计 (AUTOMATIC STATISTICS) 讨论了自动收集表和索引统计信息以优化查询执行。 - PL/SQL Profiler (THE PL/SQL PROFILER) 提供了对PL/SQL代码进行性能分析的工具和方法。 - SQL Trace (SQL TRACE) 说明如何使用SQL Trace来诊断和优化SQL语句的性能。 7. adhoc SQL (ADHOCSQL) - 使用SQL窗口 (USING THE SQL WINDOW) 用户可以在这里编写和执行临时的SQL查询。 - （未完部分）这个用户指南涵盖了从安装到编写、测试、优化和执行PL/SQL代码的全过程，为用户提供了全面的指导和支持。

16 PL/SQL Developer 10.0 User’s Guide

4. Writing programs

In an Oracle database, you can distinguish five different types of stored program units: functions,

procedures, packages, types and triggers. The Program editor allows you to create and modify these five

types of program units in one uniform way.

4.1 Creating a program

To create a new program, press the New button on the toolbar and select the Program Window item and,

for example, the Function sub item. You are now prompted for various variables that are relevant to this

program type. In this case, where we are creating a function, the name of the function, the parameter

list, and its return type:

As the title of this dialog suggests, this information comes from a template. PL/SQL Developer provides

several standard templates, which you can modify as needed. You can also define new templates.

Information about defining templates is provided in chapter 26.

After you have entered the variables and pressed the OK button, a Program Editor Window appears with

a template function in it. Each program you create in the Program Editor unit must start with the

familiar 'create or replace' SQL syntax. In this case we are creating a function 'even', and the source file

could look like this:

At the left side of the editor you see the Code Contents, which displays the structure of the program

unit. This is useful when navigating large program units such as package bodies and type bodies. This

feature is described in detail in chapter 22.13.

Above the editor you see the Code Hierarchy, which displays the hierarchy from the cursor position. In

this case it shows that you are located at a Statement (the return statement) within a Sequence of

statements within a Function. For complex programs, this can be helpful to see where exactly you are

PL/SQL Developer 10.0 User’s Guide 19

to use the HTML manuals as described in chapter 32.2, you can double-click on a compilation error to

display the corresponding paragraph in the Oracle Error Messages manual.

The compilation error list can also contain hints. Hints do not cause the compilation to fail, but they

may indicate an issue that could cause a run-time error (such as a comparison with null, a function

without a return value, an unused parameter, and so on). For more information about hints, see chapter

20.18.

If an error message is displayed in a message box after compilation, this means that the create statement

failed without actually compiling the source. The error message should explain the cause of the error. If

for example you get the 'create or replace' syntax wrong, it will say "ORA-00900: Invalid SQL

statement" in a message box.

Note: If you are using Oracle Server 7.2 or earlier, a trigger compilation error is always reported in a

message box. Only since Oracle Server 7.3, trigger compilation errors are reported in the same way as

procedures, functions, packages and types.

4.5 Comparing a program

To compare a program source to another version in the database or on the file system, you can right-

click on the editor and click on the Compare to submenu-item:

These 4 functions will show a visual line-by-line difference between 2 program sources. The Configure

External Difference Tool button allows you to configure the difference tool should be used. By default

the ExamDiff utility will be used, for which a Pro version is available (See the About item of

ExamDiff’s Info menu). See also chapter 20.22.

Current file

If you have opened a file from the file system and have made some changes, this function will show the

differences between the file on disk and the Program Window. After saving the Program Window these

two versions will always be the same. If there is no file associated with the Program Window, this

function will be disabled.

Current database source

This function will show the differences between the object source in the database and the current editor.

After compilation these two versions will always be the same.

Other file

This function allows you compare the current Program Window to any file. After selecting the file, the

differences will be displayed.

Other database object

This function allows you compare the current editor to any object source in the database with the same

name. After selecting the connection for the database object, the differences will be displayed.

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