PHP编程秘籍：第3版

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"PHP Cookbook 第三版，由 David Sklar 和 Adam Trachtenberg 著作，涵盖了350多个针对PHP 5.4和5.5的代码解决方案，旨在帮助开发者理解和解决PHP编程中的各种技术问题。这本书分为多个部分，涉及基本数据类型、程序构建块、Web编程、数据库访问、RESTful API、关键概念、设计健壮应用以及文件处理等多个领域。" 《PHP Cookbook》是PHP程序员的理想参考资料，无论你是经验丰富的开发者还是初学者，都能从中找到解决特定任务的实用代码片段。书中的每个“食谱”不仅提供了可以直接使用的代码，还深入解释了这些代码如何工作及其背后的原理。 1. **基本数据类型**：书中涵盖了字符串、数字、数组和日期时间等基本数据类型的处理方法，包括它们的创建、操作和转换，以及在实际开发中的应用。 2. **程序构建块**：详细讲解了变量、函数、类和对象的使用技巧，如何有效地组织和管理代码，以及面向对象编程的关键概念。 3. **Web编程**：涵盖Web应用程序的基础，如使用cookies、处理表单、实现会话管理和用户认证，这些都是构建动态网站不可或缺的部分。 4. **数据库访问**：通过PDO（PHP Data Objects）和SQLite等扩展，介绍了如何连接和查询数据库，以及执行更复杂的数据库操作。 5. **RESTful API**：包括HTTP、XML和OAuth等相关技术，教你如何创建和使用RESTful API，以便与其他服务进行交互。 6. **关键概念**：探讨了电子邮件的发送、正则表达式的使用以及图形创建等主题，这些是PHP开发中的常见需求。 7. **设计健壮的应用**：讲解了安全性、加密、错误处理、调试、测试和性能优化，这些都是确保代码质量和稳定性的重要方面。 8. **文件、目录和PHP的命令行界面**：介绍了如何在PHP中操作文件系统，以及如何利用PHP的CLI（命令行接口）来执行后台任务。 9. **库和包管理器**：讨论了Composer和PECL等工具，它们在管理依赖关系和扩展PHP功能中的角色。《PHP Cookbook》第三版于2014年发布，更新了对PHP 5.4和5.5的支持，是PHP开发者解决实际问题和提升技能的宝贵资源。书中的每一个章节都经过精心设计，以帮助读者快速找到所需的信息，并提高其PHP编程能力。

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book can also show you how to accomplish a particular task in PHP, such as sending

email or parsing JSON, that you may already know how to do in another language.

Programmers converting applications from other languages to PHP will find this book

a trusty companion.

What Is in This Book

We don’t expect that you’ll sit down and read this book from cover to cover (although

we’ll be happy if you do!). PHP programmers are constantly faced with a wide variety

of challenges on a wide range of subjects. Turn to the PHP Cookbook when you en‐

counter a problem you need to solve. Each recipe is a self-contained explanation that

gives you a head start toward finishing your task. When a recipe refers to topics outside

its scope, it contains pointers to related recipes and other online and offline resources.

If you choose to read an entire chapter at once, that’s OK. The recipes generally flow

from easy to hard, with example programs that “put it all together” at the end of many

chapters. The chapter introduction provides an overview of the material covered in the

chapter, including relevant background material, and points out a few highlighted rec‐

ipes of special interest.

The book begins with four chapters about basic data types. Chapter 1 covers details like

processing substrings, manipulating case, taking strings apart into smaller pieces, and

parsing comma-separated data. Chapter 2 explains operations with floating-point num‐

bers, random numbers, converting between bases, and number formatting. Chapter 3

shows you how to manipulate dates and times, format them, handle time zones and

daylight saving time, and find time to microsecond precision. Chapter 4 covers array

operations like iterating, merging, reversing, sorting, and extracting particular elements.

Next are three chapters that discuss program building blocks. Chapter 5 covers notable

features of PHP’s variable handling, such as default values, static variables, and pro‐

ducing string representations of complex data types. The recipes in Chapter 6 deal with

using functions in PHP: processing arguments, passing and returning variables by ref‐

erence, creating functions at runtime, and scoping variables. Chapter 7 covers PHP’s

object-oriented capabilities, with recipes on OOP basics as well as more advanced fea‐

tures, such as magic methods, destructors, access control, reflection, traits, and name‐

spaces.

After the data types and building blocks come six chapters devoted to topics that are

central to web programming. Chapter 8 covers cookies, headers, authentication, work‐

ing with query strings, and other fundamentals of web applications. Chapter 9 covers

processing and validating form input, displaying multipage forms, showing forms with

error messages, and guarding against problems such as cross-site scripting and multiple

submissions of the same form. Chapter 10 explains the differences between DBM and

SQL databases and, using the PDO database access abstraction layer, shows how to

xvi | Preface

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connect to a database, assign unique ID values, retrieve rows, change data, escape quotes,

and log debugging information. Chapter 11 covers PHP’s built-in sessions module,

which lets you maintain information about a user as he moves from page to page on

your website. This chapter also highlights some of the security issues associated with

sessions. Chapter 12 discusses all things XML: the SimpleXML extension and DOM

functions, using XPath and XSLT, and reading and writing both RSS and Atom feeds.

Chapter 13 explores topics useful to PHP applications that integrate with external web‐

sites and client-side JavaScript such as retrieving remote URLs, cleaning up HTML, and

responding to an Ajax request.

The next three chapters are all about network interaction. Chapter 14 details the ins and

outs of consuming a web service—using an external REST service from within your

code. Chapter 15 handles the other side of the web services equation—serving up REST

requests to others. Both chapters discuss authentication, headers, and error handling.

Chapter 16 discusses other network services such as sending email messages, using

LDAP, and doing DNS lookups.

The next section of the book is a series of chapters on features and extensions of PHP

that help you build applications that are robust, secure, user-friendly, and efficient.

Chapter 17 shows you how to create graphics, with recipes on drawing text, lines,

polygons, and curves. Chapter 18 focuses on security topics such as avoiding session

fixation and cross-site scripting, working with passwords, and encrypting data. Chap‐

ter 19 helps you make your applications globally friendly and includes recipes for lo‐

calizing text, dates and times, currency values, and images, as well as a recipe working

with text in UTF-8 character encoding. Chapter 20 goes into detail on error handling

and logging, while Chapter 21 discusses debugging techniques, writing tests for your

code, and using PHP’s built-in web server. Chapter 22 explains how to compare the

performance of two functions and provides tips on getting your programs to run at

maximum speed. Chapter 23 covers regular expressions, including capturing text inside

of HTML tags, calling a PHP function from inside a regular expression, and using greedy

and nongreedy matching.

Chapters 24 and 25 cover the filesystem. Chapter 24 focuses on files: opening and closing

them, using temporary files, locking files, sending compressed files, and processing the

contents of files. Chapter 25 deals with directories and file metadata, with recipes on

changing file permissions and ownership, moving or deleting a file, and processing all

files in a directory.

Last, there are two chapters on topics that extend the reach of what PHP can do. Chap‐

ter 26 covers using PHP outside of web programming. Its recipes cover command-line

topics such as parsing program arguments and reading passwords. Chapter 27 covers

Composer, PEAR (PHP Extension and Application Repository), and PECL (PHP Ex‐

tension Community Library). Composer and PEAR provide access to a collection of

PHP code that provides functions and extensions to PHP. PECL is a similar collection,

Preface | xvii

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