Booch的第三版面向对象分析与设计详解：应用与UML实践

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《面向对象分析与设计(3rd)_Grady_Booch》是一本经典的专业书籍，它深入探讨了面向对象（Object-Oriented）方法在软件开发中的应用和设计。该书是第三版，作者Grady Booch以其丰富的经验和深厚理论背景，向读者展示了如何通过OOP原则和技术进行系统分析和设计。书中内容涵盖了企业级Java应用开发、UML（统一建模语言）的应用以及Rational Unified Process（RUP）的实践案例，这些都是现代软件工程中的核心元素。在本书中，Ahmed/Umrysh的章节介绍了如何利用J2EE™和UML来构建可扩展的企业级应用程序，强调了组件之间的协作和架构设计的重要性。Arlow/Neustadt的章节则聚焦于企业模式和模式驱动架构（MDA），探讨如何通过原型模式和UML工具来创建高质量的软件，提升软件的复用性和一致性。 Armour/Miller的章节专门针对高级用例建模，强调在软件系统设计中理解和管理复杂业务流程的重要性。此外，Bellin/Simone的《CRCCardBook》可能是关于某个具体领域或特定工具的实践指南，如卡片式的设计或卡片化的项目管理。 Bergström/Råberg的著作提供了采用Rational Unified Process（RUP）成功实施的方法论，展示了如何通过RUP的迭代和增量过程来确保项目的成功。Binder的《TestingObject-OrientedSystems》则着重于面向对象系统的测试策略、模型和工具，保证软件质量。 Booch的其他作品，如《ObjectSolutions》和《Object-OrientedAnalysisandDesignwithApplications,2E》，深入剖析了项目管理中对象导向的方法，包括需求分析、设计原则和实践技巧。Booch/Bryan合著的《SoftwareEngineeringwithADA,3E》则将OOP应用于Ada编程语言，体现了跨技术平台的软件工程实践。 Booch/Rumbaugh/Jacobson合著的《TheUnifiedModelingLanguageUserGuide,SecondEdition》是UML官方指导文档，详细介绍了UML的各种图示和建模语言，对于理解并应用UML至关重要。Box等人编写的《EffectiveCOM》则是优化COM（组件对象模型）和MTS（微软交易服务器）应用的实用指南。 Buckley/Pulsipher的《TheArtofClearCase®Deployment》专攻ClearCase®部署策略，帮助读者掌握版本控制系统在实际项目中的部署和管理。Carlson的《ModelingXMLApplicationswithUML》则展示了如何结合UML进行XML应用的设计，适应e-Business环境下的需求。 Clarke/Baniassad的著作关注了面向切面（Aspect-Oriented）分析和设计，这是对传统OOP范式的补充，旨在解决横切关注点的问题。Collins的作品可能是关于软件开发过程、团队协作或软件生命周期管理的深入探讨。《面向对象分析与设计(3rd)_Grady_Booch》是一本综合性的参考书籍，无论你是初入OOP领域的新手，还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中找到适合自己的实用知识和实践案例，帮助提升软件开发的质量和效率。

PREFACE xv

2. This edition introduces some new domains and contexts in the Applications

chapters. For example, the application domains range broadly across vari-

ous levels of abstraction from high-level systems architecture to the design

details of a Web-based system.

3. When the previous edition was p

ublished, C++ was relatively new, as was

the very concept of OO programming. Readers tell us that this emphasis is

no longer a primary concern. There is an abundance of OO programming

and technique books and training available, not to mention additional pro-

gramming languages designed for OO development. Therefore, most of the

coding discuss

ions have been removed.

4. Finally, in response to requests received from readers, this edition focuses

much more on the modeling aspects of OOAD. The Applications section

will show you how to use the UML, with each chapter emphasizing one

phase of the overall development lifecycle.

Goals

This book provides practical guidance on the analysis and design of object-

oriented systems. Its specific goals are the following:

■ To provide a sound understanding of the fundamental concepts and histori-

cal evolution of the object model

■ To facilitate a mastery of the notation and process of object-oriented

analysis and design

■ To teach the realistic application of object-oriented analysis and design

within a variety of problem domains

The concepts presented all stand on a solid theoretical foundation, but this is

primarily a pragmatic book that addresses the practical needs and concerns of

software engineering practitioners, from the ar

chitect to the software developer.

Audience

This book is written for the computer professional as well as for the student.

■ For the practicing systems and software developer, we show you how to

effectively use object-oriented technology to solve real problems.

■ In your role as an analyst or architect, we offer you a path from require-

ments to implementation, using object-oriented analysis and design. We

xvi PREFACE

develop your ability to distinguish “good” object-oriented architectures

from “bad” ones and to trade off alternate designs when the perversity of the

real world intrudes. Perhaps most important, we offer you fresh approaches

to reasoning about complex systems.

■ For the program manager, we provide insight on topics such as allocation of

resources of a team of developers, software quality, metrics, and manage-

ment of the risks associated with complex software systems.

■ For the student, we provide the instruction necessary for you to begin

acquiring several important skills in the science and art of developing com-

plex systems.

This book is also suitable for use in undergraduate and graduate courses as well as

in professional seminars and individu

al study. Because it deals primarily with a

method of software development, it is most appropriate for courses in software

engineering and as a supplement to courses involving specific object-oriented

programming languages.

Structure

The book is divided into three major sections—Concepts, Method, and

Applications—with considerable supplemental material woven throughout.

Concepts

Section I examines the inherent complexity of software and the ways in which

complexity manifests itself. We present the object model as a means of helping us

manage this complexity. In detail, we examine the fundamental elements of the

object model such as: abstraction, enc

apsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. We

address basic questions such as “What is a class?” and “What is an object?”

Because the identification of meaningful classes and objects is the key task in

object-oriented development, we spend considerable time study

ing the nature of

classification. In particular, we examine approaches to classification in other dis-

ciplines, such as biology, linguistics, and psychology, and then apply these les-

sons to the problem of discovering classes and objects in software systems.

Method

Section II presents a method for the development of complex systems based on

the object model. We first present a graphic notation (i.e., the UML) for object-

PREFACE xvii

oriented analysis and design, followed by a generic process framework. We also

examine the pragmatics of object-oriented development—in particular, its place

in the software development lifecycle and its implications for project management.

Applications

Section III offers a collection of five nontrivial examples encompassing a diverse

selection of problem domains: system architecture, control systems, cryptanaly-

sis, data acquisition, and Web development. We have chosen these particular

problem domains because they are repres

entative of the kinds of complex prob-

lems faced by the practicing software engineer. It is easy to show how certain

principles apply to simple problems, but because our focus is on building useful

systems for the real world, we are more interested in showing how the object

model scales up to complex applications. The

development of software systems is

rarely amenable to cookbook approaches; therefore, we emphasize the incremen-

tal development of applications, guided by a number of sound principles and

well-formed models.

Supplemental Material

A considerable amount of supplemental material is woven throughout the book.

Most chapters have sidebars that provide information on related topics. We

include an appendix on object-oriented programming languages that summarizes

the features of a few common languages. We also provide a glossary of common

terms and an extensive

classified bibliography that lists references to source mate-

rial on the object model.

A Note about Tools

Readers always ask about the tools used to create the diagrams in the book. Pri-

marily, we have used two fine tools for the diagrams: IBM Rational Software

Architect and Sparx Systems Enterprise Architect. Why not use just one? The

reality of the marketplace is that no tool does everything. The longer you do

OOAD, you will eventually find some atypic

al “corner case” that no tool sup-

ports. (In that case, you may have to resort to basic drawing tools to show what

you want.) But don’t let those rare instances stop you from using robust OOAD

tools such as those we mentioned.

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