ASP.NET MVC实战：Jeffrey Palermo, Ben Scheirman, Jimmy Bogard合著

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"Manning.ASP.Dot.NET.MVC.In.Action - 一本由Jeffrey Palermo、Ben Scheirman和Jimmy Bogard合著的关于ASP.NET MVC技术的深入实践指南，书中涵盖了ASP.NET MVC框架、MVC Contrib、NHibernate等多个相关主题。" 在软件开发领域，特别是Web应用程序开发中，ASP.NET MVC（Model-View-Controller）框架已经成为构建高性能、可维护性和扩展性强的网站的首选工具。这本书《ASP.NET MVC in Action》由知名开发者Jeffrey Palermo、Ben Scheirman和Jimmy Bogard共同编写，旨在帮助读者深入理解和掌握这一强大的开发框架。本书首先会介绍ASP.NET MVC的基本概念，包括控制器、视图和模型的职责，以及它们如何协同工作来实现分层架构。读者将了解到如何创建路由规则，以控制应用程序的URL结构，以及如何利用ASP.NET MVC的强类型视图和辅助方法来生成HTML代码，从而提高代码的可读性和安全性。书中还将详细讲解MVC Contrib库，这是一个由社区驱动的项目，提供了许多对ASP.NET MVC的扩展和增强功能，例如表单助手、分页控件和过滤器等。通过学习如何使用这些工具，开发者可以更快地构建出复杂的用户界面和功能。 NHibernate部分将引导读者进入ORM（对象关系映射）的世界，这是一种在.NET环境中处理数据库的强大工具。读者将学习如何配置NHibernate，使用它来映射数据库表格到.NET类，并进行数据持久化操作，从而减少与SQL的直接交互，提高代码的可维护性。此外，书中还会讨论测试驱动开发（TDD）在ASP.NET MVC项目中的应用，以及如何利用Moq和NUnit等测试框架进行单元测试和集成测试，确保代码质量。此外，作者们还会分享最佳实践和设计模式，帮助开发者构建出可扩展和易于维护的代码结构。《ASP.NET MVC in Action》是一本全面覆盖ASP.NET MVC技术的实战指南，不仅适合初学者了解和掌握MVC框架，也对有经验的开发者提供了深入的洞察和技巧。通过阅读本书，读者可以提升自己的技能，更好地应对现代Web开发的挑战。

preface

My career started in the mid-nineties as one of the early web developers. Web as in

HTTP, that is. Netscape Navigator was helping to grow the number of households with

internet modems because it was more advanced than anything else at the time.

Netscape Navigator 3.0 (1996) and 3.04 (1997) helped households and businesses all

over the world open up the internet for common uses. There is no more common a

task than shopping! With the advent of ecommerce, the internet exploded with a cap-

italist gold run.

I started web development in the public sector where we leveraged the first threads

of social networking by allowing school district graduates to collaborate with former

classmates. I started my career on the Microsoft platform using

IDC (Internet Database

Connector) with

HTX (HTML Extension Template). Internet Information Services (IIS) 2.0

gave us fantastic flexibility using

ODBC data sources. This was my first use of the “code

nugget,” or <% %> delimiters.

IDC/HTX gave way to Active Server Pages (ASP), and I

can still recall following the changes as they broke–

ASP 2.0 to ASP 3.0 as well as the awe-

some

COM+ integration. I dabbled in CGI, Perl, Java, and C++, but stayed with the

Microsoft platform. Observing the Visual Basic explosion from the sidelines, I learned

the ropes with small utility apps.

Active Server Pages 3.0 saw the browser wars with Internet Explorer 4, released

with Windows 95, competing with Netscape for market share. Writing web applica-

tions that worked well with both browsers was difficult.

IE 5.0 opened the horizons for

intranet applications with proprietary web extensions like the

XML data island and

better scripting capabilities. Windows

XP shipped with IE 6, which effortlessly cap-

tured the majority of the web browser market.

ASP 3.0 put the programmer intimately

PREFACE

xvi

in touch with HTTP, HTML, and the GET and POST verbs. I remember pulling out

crude frameworks to handle multiple request paths from the same

ASP script.

At the same time

ASP 3.0 was enjoying widespread adoption, Struts was taking the

Java web application world by storm. Struts is probably the best known Java

MVC frame-

work, although today there are many popular frameworks for the

JVM. With ASP 3.0, I

was unaware of the lessons my Java counterparts had already learned, although I felt the

pain of myriad responsibilities lumped into a single

ASP script.

I adopted

ASP.NET 1.0 right out of the gate and converted some of my ASP 3.0 sites

to Web Forms. Remember when GridLayout was the default with

CSS absolute posi-

tioning everywhere? It was clear that Web Forms 1.0 was geared for

VB6 developers

coming over to .

NET and getting onto the web. The post-backs and button click han-

dlers were largely foreign to me, but my colleagues who were seasoned VB6ers felt

right at home.

ASP.NET 1.1 dropped the GridLayout and forced the developer to

understand

HTML and how flow layout works. Down-level rendering was great when

Internet Explorer was the “preferred” browser, and everything else was downlevel. That

paradigm started to break down as Firefox climbed in market share and demanded

standards-compliant markup.

I became an

ASP.NET expert and was a frequent blogger during the .NET 2.0 beta

cycle. I knew every feature and every breaking change from

ASP.NET 1.1 to 2.0, and

helped my team adopt 2.0. During the

ASP.NET 2.0 era, I started following Martin

Fowler and his Model-View-Presenter writings. I implemented that pattern to pull away

logic from the code-behind file, which had become bloated. Java developers, in 2005,

were enjoying a choice of several

MVC frameworks for the web. I, on the other hand, was

wrestling Web Forms into Model-View-Presenter and test-driven development submis-

sion. It was exhausting, but what was the alternative?

In 2006, with a job change, I jumped over to software management and smart client

development with WinForms. With the familiar clunkiness of the code-behind model,

and a development team to manage, I implemented the Model-View-Controller pattern

with the WinForm class as the view. It was a breath of fresh air. UI development was

seamless, and the controllers were a natural boundary from the domain model to the

UI. In 2007, I jumped back into web development and begrudgingly implemented

Model-View-Presenter with Web Forms again. In retrospect, I wish I had adopted Mono-

Rail, another Model-View-Controller framework for .

NET.

In February 2007, Scott Guthrie (ScottGu) created a prototype of what would

become the

ASP.NET MVC framework. He had heard from many customers about the

difficulties with Web Forms and how they needed a simpler, more flexible way to write

web applications. At the 2007

MVP Summit, Scott sought input from a small group of

Microsoft

MVPs. Darrell Norton, Scott Bellware, Jeremy Miller, and I validated the vision

of his prototype and gave initial input that would end up coded into the framework.

When Scott Guthrie presented, to an audience in Austin, Texas, a working proto-

type and vision for

ASP.NET MVC at the AltNetConf open spaces conference in Octo-

ber 2007, I knew instantly that this is what I’d wished for all along. As a long-time web

developer, I understood

HTTP and HTML, and this, I believe, is what ASP.NET 1.0

should have been. It would have been such a smooth transition from

ASP 3.0 to

PREFACE

xvii

ASP.NET MVC

. I can claim the first ASP.NET MVC application in production because I

convinced Scott to give me a copy of his prototype and revised my www.partywithpal-

ermo.com registration site, launching it in November 2007 on one of Rod Paddock’s

servers at DashPoint.

What Microsoft did with the

ASP.NET MVC release cycle was an unprecedented

project in the Developer Division. The project was released at least quarterly on the

CodePlex site, source code and all. It was also developed using test-driven develop-

ment as the software construction technique. Full unit test coverage is included in the

source code download, and

ASP.NET MVC 1.0 was released under the MS-PL, and OSI-

approved open source license.

ASP.NET MVC works the way the web works; it’s a natural fit. Although Microsoft is

last to the table with a Model-View-Controller framework for its development plat-

form, this framework is a strong player. Its design focuses on the core abstractions

first. It is conducive to extension by the community. In fact, the same week the first

Community Technology Preview (

CTP) was released, Eric Hexter and I launched the

MvcContrib open-source project with an initial offering of extensions that integrated

with the

ASP.NET MVC Framework.

At the time of publishing this book, the

ASP.NET MVC framework is a frequently

used tool at Headspring Systems, where I facilitate the consulting practice. For the

NET industry as a whole, I predict that ASP.NET MVC will be considered the norm for

ASP.NET development by 2011.

New developers are coming to the .

NET platform every day, and for web develop-

ers,

ASP.NET MVC is easy to adopt and learn. Because of the decreased complexity, the

barrier to adoption is lowered, and because of the simplicity, it can grow to meet the

demands of some of the most complex enterprise systems.

When Manning Publications approached me to write a book on

ASP.NET MVC, I

was already a frequent blogger on the topic and had published an article on the

framework in CoDe magazine. Even so, I knew writing a book would be a tremendous

challenge. This book has been in progress for over a year, and I am excited to see it

published. I learned quite a bit from Ben and Jimmy throughout this project, and I

learned so much more about the framework by writing about it. This knowledge has

direct and immediate benefit to our client projects.

Our hope is that our book will stay with you even after you have written your first

application. Writing a book published just after a 1.0 release is challenging because

many things are discovered after a technology has been out in the wild. Leveraging it

on client projects immediately has definitely helped increase the quality of informa-

tion contained in the book because it is derived from hands-on experience.

Although other platforms have benefited from Model-View-Controller frameworks

for many years, the

MVC pattern is still foreign to many .NET developers. This book

explains how and when to use the framework; also the theory and principles behind

the pattern as well as complimentary patterns. We hope that this book will enlighten

your understanding of an indispensable technology that’s simple to learn.

EFFREY PALERMO

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

xix

the book would not be as good as we hope it is. Our sincere thanks goes to Phil Haack

for reviewing the manuscript and writing a brilliant foreword. Many thanks should

also go to Freedom Dumlao, who painstakingly reviewed each chapter to ensure the

message would apply in the best manner to the target audience. Jeremy Skinner was

also a boon to the project. Jeremy tested and retested every code listing and code sam-

ple in the book as well as in the many Visual Studio projects that come with the book.

His attention to detail, backed up by his vast experience with

ASP.NET MVC and Mvc-

Contrib, has contributed greatly to this book.

Manning invited the following reviewers to read the manuscript at different stages

of development and to send their comments: Mark Monster, Andrew Siemer, Benja-

min Day, Frank Wang, Derek Jackson, Tim Binkley-Jones, Marc Gravell, Alessandro

Gallo, Josh Heyer, Peter Johnson, Jeremy Anderson, and Alex Thissen.

This book has also benefited from outside technical reviewers who volunteered to

read parts of the manuscript and provided feedback: Rod Paddock, Craig Shoemaker,

Hamilton Verissimo, Matt Hinze, Kevin Hurwitz, Blake Caraway, Nick Becker, Mahen-

dra Mavani, Eric Anderson, Rafael Torres, Eric Hexter, Tom Jaeschke, Matt Hawley,

and Sebastien Lambla.

Before this book went to print, a large number of people purchased the

PDF edi-

tion of the book by participating in the

MEAP, Manning’s Early Access Program. We

would like to thank those readers for their comments and participation early, and

throughout the manuscript portion of the project, especially Eric Kinateder, Ben

Mills, Peter Kellner, Jeff P., Orlando Agostinho, Liam McLennan, Ronald Wildenberg,

Max Fraser, Gudmundur.Hreidarsson, Kyle Szklenski, Philippe Vialatte, Lars Zeb,

Marc Gravell, Cody Skidmore, Mark Fowler, Joey Beninghove, Shadi Mari, Simone

Chiaretta, Jay Smith, Jeff Kwak, and Mohammad Azam.

JEFFREY PALERMO

I would like to thank my beautiful wife, Liana, for her support and patience through-

out this project. Liana gave birth to our daughter, Gwyneth Rose, shortly before the

book was started, and the motivation to spend more time with my growing family

pushed me to complete the book. Thanks also to my parents, Peter and Rosemary Pal-

ermo, for instilling in me a love of books and learning from an early age.

BEN SCHEIRMAN

My thanks and utmost appreciation go out to my amazing wife, Silvia. Her continued

support and encouragement of my extracurricular work led to writing this book in the

first place. I would also like to recognize one of my university mentors, Venkat Subra-

maniam. With his guidance, I found my passion in software development and strived

to learn more and push the envelope. He was an inspiration in my career. Finally I’d

like to thank my wonderful children, Andréa, Noah, and Ethan (and most recently

Isaac and Isabella), who showed immense patience and encouragement while their

dad was banging away at the keyboard in the late hours of the night.

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