Pro C# 7 & .NET Core 8：权威指南

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"Pro C# 7, 8th Edition 是一本专为深入学习C# 7和.NET及.NET Core框架的程序员设计的专业书籍。由Andrew Troelsen和Philip Japikse共同撰写，该书旨在帮助读者掌握最新的C#语言特性和.NET开发环境的核心概念。" 在这本第八版的《Pro C# 7》中，作者详细讲解了C# 7的新特性，包括但不限于： 1. **引用类型可空性**：C# 7引入了可空引用类型，这是一项重要的安全性改进，帮助开发者避免空引用异常，提高代码的健壮性。 2. **模式匹配**：模式匹配允许开发者根据对象的类型或结构进行操作，如`is`表达式和模式匹配运算符`switch`，使代码更简洁，更易于理解。 3. **局部函数**：在方法内部定义的函数，提供了更好的封装，常用于复杂的计算或者递归场景。 4. **异步流**：C# 7引入了异步流的概念，结合async/await关键字，使得处理大量数据流时能保持良好的性能，尤其在I/O密集型任务中。 5. **抛出表达式**：简化了在表达式中抛出异常的方式，使代码更紧凑。 6. **递归泛型**：扩展了泛型的能力，允许在类型参数中使用自身，从而实现更灵活的泛型设计。 7. **异步枚举器**：与异步流一起，使异步处理数据集变得更加直观，尤其是在处理大型数据源时。此外，书中还涵盖了.NET Core的相关内容，这是一个跨平台的开发框架，它强调了模块化、高性能和可移植性。开发者将学习如何使用.NET Core SDK创建、构建和发布应用程序，以及如何利用其核心组件如依赖注入、命令行工具和Kestrel Web服务器。在.NET和.NET Core的上下文中，本书可能还会涉及： - ASP.NET Core：一个轻量级、高性能的框架，用于构建Web应用和服务。 - Entity Framework Core：微软的ORM框架，用于简化数据库交互。 - Docker容器化：如何将.NET Core应用部署到Docker容器中，实现微服务架构。 -单元测试和持续集成：通过MSTest、xUnit或NUnit等工具进行测试驱动开发，以及如何配置CI/CD管道。《Pro C# 7, 8th Edition》是一本全面、深入的C#编程指南，适合有经验的.NET开发者进一步提升技能，同时也适合作为学习C# 7和.NET Core的入门教材。通过阅读这本书，读者将能够熟悉并熟练运用最新的C#语言特性，掌握.NET和.NET Core开发的最佳实践。

■ Contents

xvi

Interfaces As Parameters ............................................................................................. 293

Interfaces As Return Values ......................................................................................... 295

Arrays of Interface Types .............................................................................................. 296

Implementing Interfaces Using Visual Studio ............................................................... 297

Explicit Interface Implementation ................................................................................ 299

Designing Interface Hierarchies ................................................................................... 301

Multiple Inheritance with Interface Types ........................................................................................... 303

The IEnumerable and IEnumerator Interfaces .............................................................. 305

Building Iterator Methods with the yield Keyword ..............................................................................308

Building a Named Iterator ...................................................................................................................310

The ICloneable Interface............................................................................................... 311

A More Elaborate Cloning Example.....................................................................................................313

The IComparable Interface ........................................................................................... 316

Specifying Multiple Sort Orders with IComparer ................................................................................319

Custom Properties and Custom Sort Types......................................................................................... 320

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 321

■Part IV: Advanced C# Programming �� 323

■Chapter 9: Collections and Generics �� 325

The Motivation for Collection Classes .......................................................................... 325

The System.Collections Namespace .................................................................................................. 327

A Survey of System.Collections.Specialized Namespace ................................................................... 329

The Problems of Nongeneric Collections ..................................................................... 330

The Issue of Performance ................................................................................................................... 330

The Issue of Type Safety ..................................................................................................................... 333

A First Look at Generic Collections ..................................................................................................... 336

The Role of Generic Type Parameters .......................................................................... 337

Specifying Type Parameters for Generic Classes/Structures ............................................................. 339

Specifying Type Parameters for Generic Members ............................................................................. 340

Specifying Type Parameters for Generic Interfaces ............................................................................ 340

■ Contents

xvii

The System.Collections.Generic Namespace ............................................................... 342

Understanding Collection Initialization Syntax ................................................................................... 343

Working with the List<T> Class .........................................................................................................345

Working with the Stack<T> Class ...................................................................................................... 346

Working with the Queue<T> Class .....................................................................................................347

Working with the SortedSet<T> Class ...............................................................................................348

Working with the Dictionary<TKey, TValue> Class .............................................................................350

The System.Collections.ObjectModel Namespace ....................................................... 351

Working with ObservableCollection<T> ............................................................................................. 352

Creating Custom Generic Methods ............................................................................... 354

Inference of Type Parameters ............................................................................................................. 356

Creating Custom Generic Structures and Classes ........................................................ 357

The default Keyword in Generic Code.................................................................................................358

Constraining Type Parameters ...................................................................................... 360

Examples Using the where Keyword ..................................................................................................360

The Lack of Operator Constraints .......................................................................................................362

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 363

■Chapter 10: Delegates, Events, and Lambda Expressions �� 365

Understanding the .NET Delegate Type ........................................................................ 365

Deﬁning a Delegate Type in C# ........................................................................................................... 366

The System.MulticastDelegate and System.Delegate Base Classes .................................................. 369

The Simplest Possible Delegate Example .................................................................... 370

Investigating a Delegate Object .......................................................................................................... 372

Sending Object State Notiﬁcations Using Delegates .................................................... 373

Enabling Multicasting ......................................................................................................................... 376

Removing Targets from a Delegate’s Invocation List .......................................................................... 378

Method Group Conversion Syntax ...................................................................................................... 379

Understanding Generic Delegates ................................................................................ 380

The Generic Action<> and Func<> Delegates ................................................................................... 382

■ Contents

xviii

Understanding C# Events ............................................................................................. 384

The C# event Keyword ........................................................................................................................386

Events Under the Hood ....................................................................................................................... 387

Listening to Incoming Events..............................................................................................................388

Simplifying Event Registration Using Visual Studio ............................................................................ 389

Cleaning Up Event Invocation Using the C# 6.0 Null-Conditional Operator ........................................ 391

Creating Custom Event Arguments ..................................................................................................... 392

The Generic EventHandler<T> Delegate ............................................................................................ 393

Understanding C# Anonymous Methods ...................................................................... 394

Accessing Local Variables ..................................................................................................................396

Understanding Lambda Expressions ............................................................................ 397

Dissecting a Lambda Expression ........................................................................................................400

Processing Arguments Within Multiple Statements ............................................................................ 401

Lambda Expressions with Multiple (or Zero) Parameters ...................................................................403

Retroﬁtting the CarEvents Example Using Lambda Expressions ........................................................ 404

Lambdas and Expression-Bodied Members (Updated) .......................................................................404

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 406

■Chapter 11: Advanced C# Language Features �� 407

Understanding Indexer Methods .................................................................................. 407

Indexing Data Using String Values ...................................................................................................... 409

Overloading Indexer Methods .............................................................................................................411

Indexers with Multiple Dimensions ....................................................................................................411

Indexer Deﬁnitions on Interface Types ................................................................................................ 412

Understanding Operator Overloading ........................................................................... 412

Overloading Binary Operators ............................................................................................................. 413

And What of the += and –= Operators? ............................................................................................. 416

Overloading Unary Operators.............................................................................................................. 416

Overloading Equality Operators .......................................................................................................... 417

Overloading Comparison Operators ....................................................................................................418

Final Thoughts Regarding Operator Overloading ................................................................................ 418

■ Contents

xix

Understanding Custom Type Conversions .................................................................... 419

Recall: Numerical Conversions ........................................................................................................... 419

Recall: Conversions Among Related Class Types ................................................................................ 419

Creating Custom Conversion Routines ...............................................................................................420

Additional Explicit Conversions for the Square Type........................................................................... 423

Deﬁning Implicit Conversion Routines ................................................................................................ 424

Understanding Extension Methods ............................................................................... 425

Deﬁning Extension Methods ............................................................................................................... 426

Invoking Extension Methods ............................................................................................................... 427

Importing Extension Methods ............................................................................................................. 428

The IntelliSense of Extension Methods ............................................................................................... 428

Extending Types Implementing Speciﬁc Interfaces ............................................................................ 429

Understanding Anonymous Types ................................................................................ 431

Deﬁning an Anonymous Type .............................................................................................................. 431

The Internal Representation of Anonymous Types .............................................................................. 432

The Implementation of ToString() and GetHashCode() ........................................................................ 434

The Semantics of Equality for Anonymous Types ............................................................................... 434

Anonymous Types Containing Anonymous Types ............................................................................... 436

Working with Pointer Types .......................................................................................... 436

The unsafe Keyword ........................................................................................................................... 438

Working with the * and & Operators ................................................................................................... 440

An Unsafe (and Safe) Swap Function .................................................................................................441

Field Access via Pointers (the -> Operator) ........................................................................................ 442

The stackalloc Keyword ......................................................................................................................442

Pinning a Type via the ﬁxed Keyword ................................................................................................. 443

The sizeof Keyword ............................................................................................................................444

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 444

■Chapter 12: LINQ to Objects �� 445

LINQ-Speciﬁc Programming Constructs ....................................................................... 445

Implicit Typing of Local Variables ....................................................................................................... 446

Object and Collection Initialization Syntax.......................................................................................... 446

■ Contents

Lambda Expressions ...........................................................................................................................447

Extension Methods ............................................................................................................................. 448

Anonymous Types ............................................................................................................................... 449

Understanding the Role of LINQ ................................................................................... 449

LINQ Expressions Are Strongly Typed ................................................................................................. 450

The Core LINQ Assemblies .................................................................................................................. 450

Applying LINQ Queries to Primitive Arrays ................................................................... 451

Once Again, Using Extension Methods ............................................................................................... 453

Once Again, Without LINQ ................................................................................................................... 453

Reﬂecting Over a LINQ Result Set ...................................................................................................... 454

LINQ and Implicitly Typed Local Variables .......................................................................................... 455

LINQ and Extension Methods .............................................................................................................. 457

The Role of Deferred Execution ..........................................................................................................458

The Role of Immediate Execution ....................................................................................................... 459

Returning the Result of a LINQ Query ........................................................................... 460

Returning LINQ Results via Immediate Execution .............................................................................. 461

Applying LINQ Queries to Collection Objects ................................................................ 462

Accessing Contained Subobjects ....................................................................................................... 462

Applying LINQ Queries to Nongeneric Collections .............................................................................. 463

Filtering Data Using OfType<T>( ) ...................................................................................................... 464

Investigating the C# LINQ Query Operators .................................................................. 465

Basic Selection Syntax ....................................................................................................................... 466

Obtaining Subsets of Data .................................................................................................................. 467

Projecting New Data Types ................................................................................................................. 468

Obtaining Counts Using Enumerable ..................................................................................................469

Reversing Result Sets ......................................................................................................................... 470

Sorting Expressions ............................................................................................................................470

LINQ As a Better Venn Diagramming Tool ........................................................................................... 471

Removing Duplicates ..........................................................................................................................472

LINQ Aggregation Operations .............................................................................................................. 472

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