Virtex-II FPGA用户指南(UG002 v2.2)

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"Xilinx UG002 VirtexII FPGA User Guide" Xilinx UG002 是针对Virtex-II平台现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的一份用户指南，这是一份在官方渠道已难以找到的历史文档。Virtex-II系列是Xilinx公司在2000年代初期推出的一款高性能FPGA产品线，它提供了丰富的逻辑资源、高速I/O接口和嵌入式块RAM等特性，广泛应用于通信、计算、图像处理等多个领域。该用户指南（User Guide）详细介绍了如何使用Virtex-II FPGA进行设计开发。文档内容可能包括但不限于以下部分： 1. **Virtex-II FPGA架构**：详述了Virtex-II FPGA的内部结构，如可编程逻辑单元（CLB）、查找表（LUT）、分布式RAM、块RAM、输入/输出缓冲（IOB）以及互连资源等。 2. **设计流程**：指导用户如何从概念设计到实现，包括硬件描述语言（HDL，如VHDL或Verilog）编码、综合、布局布线、时序分析和配置等步骤。 3. **开发工具**：介绍Xilinx ISE（Integrated Software Environment）或其他相关设计工具的使用，包括设计输入、仿真、优化和硬件调试等功能。 4. **功耗与散热管理**：讨论如何降低功耗和热设计考虑，以确保设计在实际应用中的稳定性和可靠性。 5. **I/O接口设计**：涵盖各种高速接口标准（如PCI、PCI-X、LVDS、DDR SDRAM等）的配置和设计注意事项。 6. **嵌入式系统**：讲解如何利用Virtex-II FPGA中的硬核处理器系统（如PowerPC或MicroBlaze）构建嵌入式系统。 7. **系统级设计**：介绍如何集成IP核、软核心和硬件加速器，实现系统级的高性能设计。 8. **配置和初始化**：详细说明如何对FPGA进行配置，包括静态配置（如配置芯片）和动态配置（如JTAG）。 9. **测试与验证**：提供测试策略和验证方法，确保设计的正确性。 10. **故障排查和技巧**：分享设计中常见的问题及解决方法，帮助用户提高设计效率。由于这份文档已经标记为过时/正在淘汰，用户需要注意Xilinx可能不再提供技术支持或更新。然而，对于仍在使用Virtex-II FPGA的项目，这份文档仍然是非常宝贵的参考资料。尽管Xilinx不承担因使用此文档产生的任何责任，但用户仍可以从中获取到大量有关Virtex-II FPGA设计的关键信息。在使用过程中，如果遇到问题，建议寻找社区支持或者参考最新的产品资料。

16 www.xilinx.com UG002 (v2.2) 5 November 2007

Virtex-II Platform FPGA User Guide

Preface: About This Guide

Conventions

This document uses the following conventions. An example illustrates each convention.

Typographical

The following typographical conventions are used in this document:

Tech Tips See this site for the latest news, design tips, and patch information on the

Xilinx design environment.

http://www.xilinx.com/support/techsup/journals/index.htm

Answers

Database

This database provides a current listing of solution records for Xilinx

software tools. Search this database using the search function at:

http://www.xilinx.com/support/searchtd.htm

Resource Description/URL

Convention Meaning or Use Example

Courier font

Messages, prompts, and

program files that the system

displays

speed grade: - 100

Courier bold

Literal commands that you

enter in a syntactical statement

ngdbuild design_name

Helvetica bold

Commands that you select

from a menu

File → Open

Keyboard shortcuts Ctrl+C

Italic font

Variables in a syntax

statement for which you must

supply values. (In angle

brackets.)

ngdbuild <design_name>

References to other manuals

See the Development System

Reference Guide for more

information.

Emphasis in text

If a wire is drawn so that it

overlaps the pin of a symbol,

the two nets are not connected.

Square brackets [ ]

An optional entry or

parameter. However, in bus

specifications, such as

bus[7:0], they are required.

ngdbuild [ option_name]

design_name

Braces { }

A list of items from which you

must choose one or more

lowpwr ={on|off}

Vertical bar |

Separates items in a list of

choices

lowpwr ={on|off}

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UG002 (v2.2) 5 November 2007 www.xilinx.com 19

Virtex-II Platform FPGA User Guide

Chapter 1

Introduction to the Virtex-II

FPGA Family

Virtex-II Platform

The Virtex-II Platform FPGA solution is the result of the largest silicon and software R&D

effort in the history of programmable logic, with the goal of revolutionizing the design of

complex single-chip sub-systems in terms of engineering productivity, silicon efficiency,

and system flexibility.

The Virtex-II product family provides IP-Immersion™ technology which incorporates an

abundance of on-chip memory options and advanced routing resources for supporting

complex designs that use IP (intellectual property), such as on-chip hard-macro building

blocks and a rapidly growing library of soft-IP blocks. For the first time in the

programmable logic industry, innovative Virtex-II features enable system designers to:

• Eliminate external termination resistors with on-chip precision-controlled output

impedance

• Manage 16 pre-engineered low-skew clock domains, with on-chip frequency and

phase control

• Protect chip designs with bit-stream encryption

These unique capabilities increase engineering productivity and time-to-production by

supply pre-engineered solutions for signal integrity and RF noise challenges, as well as

providing a secure means to deliver designs rapidly to production.

The Virtex-II Platform FPGA family is a complete programmable solution that allows

digital system designers to rapidly implement a single-chip solution with density up to 10

million system gates, in weeks rather than months or years. The inherent flexibility of

Xilinx FPGA devices allows unlimited design changes throughout the development and

production phases of the system, with important benefits in improved productivity,

reduced design risk, and higher system flexibility. This further accelerates the industry --

from custom ASICs to FPGAs -- in fields such as optical networking systems, gigabit

routers, wireless cellular base stations, modem arrays, and professional video broadcast

systems.

Virtex-II Target Applications

The Virtex-II solution is developed specifically to enable rapid development of two of the

most technically challenging digital system applications: data communications and digital

signal processing (DSP) systems. High logic integration, fast and complex routing of wide

busses, and extensive pipeline and FIFO memory requirements characterize these systems.

The Virtex-II family incorporates high logic capacity, up to 10 million system gates, a new

Active Interconnect™ architecture optimized for predictable routing delays, an advanced

Product Obsolete/Under Obsolescence

20 www.xilinx.com UG002 (v2.2) 5 November 2007

Virtex-II Platform FPGA User Guide

Chapter 1: Introduction to the Virtex-II FPGA Family

memory array architecture with up to 4.5Mbits of on-chip memory, and built-in support

for high-speed I/O standards at up to 1108 user pins.

Applications incorporating DSP functionality, such as echo cancellation, forward error-

correction, and image compression/decompression, benefit from the abundance of

embedded high-speed 18-bit x 18-bit multiplier blocks within the Virtex-II solution.

The unique features of the revolutionary Virtex-II architecture make it ideal for optical

networking products, storage area networks (SANs), Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (VoIP),

video broadcasting, medical imaging, wireless base-stations, and Internet infrastructure

products, as well as many other products.

Interconnect Engine for Fast, Wide Busses in Networking

Applications

The Virtex-II architecture incorporates a number of novel features specifically to support

wide data widths in complex networking and transmission systems. Modern complex

systems operate with multiple clock domains, with large IP-based subsystems operating

independently. Large, wide FIFOs and buffer memories are needed for handling fast and

wide inter-subsystem data transfer. These wide busses are required both internally for

intra-chip communications and externally for switched fabric communications.

For example, wide 32-bit and larger data busses can drive multiple Ultra Low-Voltage

Differential Signal (ULVDS) high-speed interface standards for data transfer across a

backplane or for point-to-point communications, or be used for implementing high-speed

multi-cast bus standards.

These requirements challenge and exceed the capabilities of current programmable logic

devices, which lack the gate capacity, memory and routing resources, performance, and

architecture flexibility to fully support these designs. The Virtex-II solution is the first

platform FPGA specifically targeted to improve the “ease of speed” in the development

and production of these complex systems.

Complete Solution For Rapid Time-to-Production

The Virtex-II solution combines the most flexible FPGA architecture, advanced process

technology, powerful software synthesis technology, and robust IP library, to provide the

most complete system integration solution today. In addition, the Virtex-II solution

provides powerful features, such as Xilinx Digitally Controlled Impedance (DCI)

technology, digital clock manager to help designers further reduce overall system cost and

design development cycle, making Virtex-II the ideal solution for tomorrow’s high-

performance system designs.

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