蓝牙核心规范v5.3解读：BLE协议详解

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"BLE Core_v5.3.pdf" 本文将详细介绍蓝牙协议BLE CORE_V5.3，这是蓝牙技术联盟(Bluetooth SIG)发布的官方中文版规格文档，适用于版本5.3。该规范定义了创建互操作性蓝牙设备所需的技术，修订日期为2021年7月13日，由核心规范工作组准备。蓝牙核心规范是蓝牙技术的基础，它涵盖了蓝牙设备之间通信的所有关键要素。在v5.3版本中，我们可能会看到一系列增强的功能和优化，旨在提高性能、效率和安全性。以下是此版本的一些重要知识点： 1. **BLE（Bluetooth Low Energy）**：BLE是一种低功耗蓝牙技术，特别适合于物联网(IoT)设备，因为它可以显著降低电池消耗，同时保持足够的通信范围和数据传输速率。 2. **版本5.3的改进**：相较于之前的版本，v5.3可能包括了对连接质量的提升，例如更精确的通道选择和更有效的错误检测与纠正机制。此外，可能还增强了对设备间数据交换的安全性，比如通过增加新的加密算法或改进现有安全协议。 3. **PHY层更新**：物理层(PHY)的改进可能包括更高效的数据传输速率，支持更高的传输距离，以及对多输入多输出(MIMO)技术的支持，以增强信号强度和抗干扰能力。 4. **链接层增强**：连接层可能增加了新的连接参数，如更快的连接速度、更灵活的连接间隔，以及更高效的资源管理，使得设备能够更好地适应不同的应用场景。 5. **方向查找功能**：v5.3可能引入了方向查找特性，允许设备更精确地定位其他蓝牙设备，这对于室内导航和资产追踪应用非常有用。 6. **隐私保护**：版本可能加强了用户隐私保护，例如通过限制广播信息的可追踪性，或者增强匿名连接的能力，防止未授权的设备监听或跟踪。 7. **错误处理和诊断**：新规范可能包含了更强大的错误报告和诊断工具，帮助开发者调试设备问题，确保产品的一致性和可靠性。 8. **GATT（Generic Attribute Profile）和GAP（Generic Access Profile）**：这两个核心组件可能也得到了优化，以支持更大的服务数据库和更流畅的设备发现过程。 9. **应用层兼容性**：v5.3将继续支持现有的蓝牙应用，并提供向后兼容性，确保旧设备可以与新设备协同工作。 10. **合规性和测试**：随着规范的更新，蓝牙SIG可能也更新了其合规性和一致性测试程序，以确保所有成员公司的产品都符合最新标准。蓝牙协议BLE CORE_V5.3是对蓝牙技术的持续演进，旨在为开发者和用户提供更好的体验，同时保持对低功耗和安全性的承诺。对于任何希望利用蓝牙技术开发创新产品的专业人士来说，理解和掌握这个规范都是至关重要的。

Revision Date: 2021-07-13

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION Version 5.3 | Vol 0, Part A page 16

Consolidated Table of Contents

2.43 QoS Unacceptable Parameter (0x2C)..................................... 379

2.44 QoS Rejected (0x2D) .............................................................. 379

2.45 Channel Assessment Not Supported (0x2E) ........................... 379

2.46 Insufficient Security (0x2F) ...................................................... 379

2.47 Parameter Out of Mandatory Range (0x30) ............................ 379

2.48 Role Switch Pending (0x32) .................................................... 379

2.49 Reserved Slot Violation (0x34) ................................................ 380

2.50 Role Switch Failed (0x35)........................................................ 380

2.51 Extended Inquiry Response too Large (0x36) ......................... 380

2.52 Secure Simple Pairing not Supported by Host (0x37) ............. 380

2.53 Host Busy–Pairing (0x38)........................................................ 380

2.54 Connection Rejected due to no Suitable Channel Found (0x39)...

380

2.55 Controller Busy (0x3A) ............................................................ 380

2.56 Unacceptable Connection Parameters (0x3B) ........................ 381

2.57 Advertising Timeout (0x3C) ..................................................... 381

2.58 Connection Terminated due to MIC Failure (0x3D) ................. 381

2.59 Connection Failed to be Established / Synchronization Timeout

(0x3E) ...................................................................................... 381

2.60 [This section is no longer used] ............................................... 381

2.61 Coarse Clock Adjustment Rejected but Will Try to Adjust Using

Clock Dragging (0x40)............................................................. 381

2.62 Type0 Submap not Defined (0x41).......................................... 381

2.63 Unknown Advertising Identifier (0x42) ..................................... 382

2.64 Limit Reached (0x43) .............................................................. 382

2.65 Operation Cancelled by Host (0x44) ....................................... 382

2.66 Packet Too Long (0x45)........................................................... 382

Revision Date: 2021-07-13

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION Version 5.3 | Vol 0, Part A page 17

Consolidated Table of Contents

BR/EDR Controller

Specification Volume 2

Part A

RADIO SPECIFICATION

1 Scope ................................................................................................ 387

2 Frequency bands and channel arrangement ................................ 389

3 Transmitter characteristics ............................................................. 390

3.1 Basic Rate ............................................................................... 391

3.1.1 Modulation characteristics .......................................... 391

3.1.2 Spurious emissions.....................................................392

3.1.3 Radio frequency tolerance.......................................... 393

3.2 Enhanced Data Rate ............................................................... 393

3.2.1 Modulation characteristics .......................................... 394

3.2.2 Spurious emissions.....................................................397

3.2.3 Radio frequency tolerance.......................................... 398

3.2.4 Relative transmit power .............................................. 399

4 Receiver characteristics ................................................................. 400

4.1 Basic Rate ............................................................................... 400

4.1.1 Actual sensitivity level................................................. 400

4.1.2 Interference performance............................................ 400

4.1.3 Out-of-band blocking...................................................401

4.1.4 Intermodulation characteristics ................................... 401

4.1.5 Maximum usable level ................................................ 402

4.1.6 Received Signal Strength Indication........................... 402

4.1.7 Reference signal definition.......................................... 402

4.2 Enhanced Data Rate ............................................................... 402

4.2.1 Actual sensitivity level................................................. 402

4.2.2 BER floor performance ............................................... 402

4.2.3 Interference performance............................................ 403

4.2.4 Maximum usable level ................................................ 404

4.2.5 Out-of-band and intermodulation characteristics ........ 404

4.2.6 Reference signal definition.......................................... 404

Appendix A Test conditions .................................................................... 405

A.1 Nominal test conditions ......................................................... 405

A.1.1 Nominal temperature ................................................ 405

Revision Date: 2021-07-13

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION Version 5.3 | Vol 0, Part A page 18

Consolidated Table of Contents

A.1.2 Nominal power source .............................................. 405

A.2 [This section is no longer used] ............................................ 405

Appendix B [This Appendix is no longer used] .................................... 406

Appendix C Modulation accuracy definition ......................................... 407

C.1 Enhanced Data Rate modulation accuracy ........................... 407

C.1.1 RMS DEVM ................................................................ 409

C.1.2 Peak DEVM ............................................................... 409

Part B

BASEBAND SPECIFICATION

1 General description ......................................................................... 419

1.1 Bluetooth clock ........................................................................ 420

1.2 Bluetooth Device addressing................................................... 421

1.2.1 Reserved addresses...................................................422

1.3 Access codes .......................................................................... 422

2 Physical channels............................................................................ 424

2.1 Physical channel definition ...................................................... 425

2.2 Basic piconet physical channel................................................ 425

2.2.1 Central and Peripheral roles ....................................... 425

2.2.2 Hopping characteristics............................................... 426

2.2.3 Time slots.................................................................... 426

2.2.4 Piconet clocks............................................................. 426

2.2.5 Transmit/receive timing............................................... 427

2.3 Adapted piconet physical channel ........................................... 431

2.3.1 Hopping characteristics............................................... 431

2.4 Page scan physical channel .................................................... 431

2.4.1 Clock estimate for paging ........................................... 432

2.4.2 Hopping characteristics............................................... 432

2.4.3 Paging procedure timing............................................. 432

2.4.4 Page response timing ................................................. 433

2.5 Inquiry scan physical channel.................................................. 435

2.5.1 Clock for inquiry .......................................................... 435

2.5.2 Hopping characteristics............................................... 435

2.5.3 Inquiry procedure timing ............................................. 436

2.5.4 Inquiry response timing............................................... 436

2.6 Hop selection........................................................................... 437

2.6.1 General selection scheme .......................................... 438

Revision Date: 2021-07-13

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION Version 5.3 | Vol 0, Part A page 19

Consolidated Table of Contents

2.6.2 Selection kernel .......................................................... 441

2.6.3 Adapted hop selection kernel...................................... 444

2.6.4 Control word................................................................ 445

2.7 Synchronization scan physical channel................................... 450

2.7.1 Hopping characteristics............................................... 450

2.7.2 Synchronization Train procedure timing...................... 450

2.7.3 Synchronization Scan procedure timing ..................... 451

3 Physical links ................................................................................... 453

3.1 Link supervision for active physical links ................................. 453

3.2 Link supervision for Connectionless Peripheral Broadcast

physical links ........................................................................... 454

3.3 Authenticated payload timeout for active links ........................ 454

4 Logical transports ........................................................................... 455

4.1 General.................................................................................... 455

4.2 Logical transport address (LT_ADDR)..................................... 455

4.3 Synchronous logical transports ............................................... 456

4.4 Asynchronous logical transport ............................................... 456

4.5 Transmit/receive routines ........................................................ 457

4.5.1 TX routine ...................................................................457

4.5.2 RX routine................................................................... 460

4.5.3 Flow control.................................................................461

4.6 Active Peripheral broadcast transport ..................................... 462

4.7 [This section is no longer used] ............................................... 462

4.8 Connectionless Peripheral Broadcast logical transport ........... 462

5 Logical links ..................................................................................... 464

5.1 Link Control logical link (LC).................................................... 464

5.2 ACL Control logical links (ACL-C and APB-C)......................... 464

5.3 User asynchronous/isochronous logical links (ACL-U and

APB-U) .................................................................................... 465

5.3.1 Pausing the ACL-U logical link.................................... 465

5.4 User synchronous data logical link (SCO-S) ........................... 465

5.5 User extended synchronous data logical link (eSCO-S).......... 465

5.6 Logical link priorities ................................................................ 465

5.7 Profile broadcast data logical link ............................................ 465

6 Packets ............................................................................................. 466

6.1 General format......................................................................... 466

6.1.1 Basic Rate................................................................... 466

6.1.2 Enhanced Data Rate................................................... 466

6.2 Bit ordering .............................................................................. 467

6.3 Access code ............................................................................ 467

Revision Date: 2021-07-13

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION Version 5.3 | Vol 0, Part A page 20

Consolidated Table of Contents

6.3.1 Access code types...................................................... 468

6.3.2 Preamble..................................................................... 468

6.3.3 Sync word ................................................................... 468

6.3.4 Trailer..........................................................................472

6.4 Packet header ......................................................................... 472

6.4.1 LT_ADDR.................................................................... 473

6.4.2 TYPE........................................................................... 473

6.4.3 FLOW.......................................................................... 473

6.4.4 ARQN.......................................................................... 474

6.4.5 SEQN.......................................................................... 474

6.4.6 HEC ............................................................................ 474

6.5 Packet types ............................................................................ 474

6.5.1 Common packet types ................................................ 477

6.5.2 SCO packets............................................................... 479

6.5.3 eSCO packets............................................................. 480

6.5.4 ACL packets................................................................ 482

6.6 Payload format ........................................................................ 484

6.6.1 Synchronous data field ............................................... 485

6.6.2 Asynchronous data field.............................................. 486

6.7 Packet summary...................................................................... 490

7 Bit stream processing ..................................................................... 492

7.1 Error checking ......................................................................... 493

7.1.1 HEC generation .......................................................... 493

7.1.2 CRC generation .......................................................... 495

7.2 Data whitening......................................................................... 496

7.3 Error correction........................................................................ 497

7.4 FEC code: rate 1/3 .................................................................. 497

7.5 FEC code: rate 2/3 .................................................................. 497

7.6 ARQ scheme ........................................................................... 498

7.6.1 Unnumbered ARQ....................................................... 498

7.6.2 Retransmit filtering...................................................... 502

7.6.3 Flushing payloads....................................................... 504

7.6.4 Multi-Peripheral considerations................................... 505

7.6.5 Active Peripheral Broadcast packets .......................... 505

7.7 Erroneous synchronous data reporting ................................... 506

7.8 Message Integrity Check ......................................................... 507

8 Link Controller operation................................................................ 508

8.1 Overview of states ...................................................................508

8.2 Standby state........................................................................... 509

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