网络术语大全：理解和构建高效网络

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active termination

■

Emulates Windows NT 4.x directory ser-

vices for backward compatibility.

■

Uses DNS rather than WINS, and requires

all user and host names to be in DNS

form.

■

Uses LDAP rather than a proprietary pro-

tocol so that non-Microsoft applications

can query the name database.

■

Interoperates with Novell NetWare Di-

rectory Services.

See also forest; Kerberos; Lightweight Di-

rectory Access Protocol; NetWare Directo-

ry Services; Microsoft Windows 2000; tree.

Active Directory Service Interface

Abbreviated ADSI. In Microsoft Active Di-

rectory, an application programming inter-

face (API) designed to simplify access to

Active Directory objects.

See also Active Directory; application pro-

gramming interface.

Active Directory Users and

Computers Abbreviated ADUC. In Mi-

crosoft Windows 2000 Server, the main ad-

ministrative tool used to manage user

accounts, security groups, organizational

units, and policies.

ADUC is a Microsoft Management Con-

sole (MMC) snap-in and replaces Windows

NT User Manager.

See also Active Directory; Microsoft Man-

agement Console; snap-in.

active hub A device that amplifies trans-

mission signals in a network, allowing sig-

nals to be sent over a much greater distance

than is possible with a passive hub.

An active hub may have ports for coaxial,

twisted-pair, or fiber-optic cable connec-

tions, as well as LEDs to show that each

port is operating correctly.

See also Standby Monitor.

Active Server Pages Abbreviated ASP.

In Microsoft Internet Information Server, a

script interpreter and execution environ-

ment that supports VBScript and Java-

Script and is compatible with other script-

ing languages such as Perl, REXX, Tcl, and

Python through add-ins from third-party

developers.

ASP allows you to combine HTML, scripts,

and ActiveX components on the same Web

server; all the code runs on the server and

presents the results of this dynamic process

to the client browser as a standard HTML

page.

See also JavaScript; Perl; Tcl; VBScript.

active termination A technique used to

terminate a SCSI. Active termination reduc-

es electrical interference in a long string of

SCSI devices.

See also forced perfect termination; pas-

sive termination.

2461book Page 11 Thursday, May 4, 2000 11:59 AM

www.sybex.com

active window

active window The window currently

accepting mouse clicks and keyboard input.

The title bar of the active window is always

a different color from that of the other open

windows.

ActiveX The latest development of Mi-

crosoft’s COM, the foundation that sup-

ported OLE. By adding network capabilities

(and so creating DCOM, or Distributed

COM) and by reducing the scope of OLE to

create ActiveX, Microsoft has created a

comprehensive set of component-based

Internet- and intranet-oriented applications.

In an attempt to promote ActiveX as a stan-

dard, in 1996 Microsoft turned over con-

trol of ActiveX to the Open Group to

manage future developments.

See also ActiveX control; Distributed Com-

ponent Object Model; Java.

ActiveX control The basic building

block of Microsoft’s ActiveX specification.

An ActiveX control is a software module

that cannot run by itself, but requires an Ac-

tiveX container such as a Web browser, a

word processor, or a spreadsheet. Each

control delivers a specific function such as

database access, user-interface elements, or

file access and can communicate with an-

other ActiveX control, an ActiveX contain-

er, or the underlying Windows operating

system.

Unlike Java applets, which for security rea-

sons run in a sandbox designed to protect

the file system from unauthorized access,

ActiveX can directly access files. To provide

a measure of security, ActiveX controls are

packaged with digital certificates that prove

the origin of the control.

See also ActiveX; certificate; Java; Java

applet; Java Virtual Machine; sandbox.

AD See Active Directory.

Adaptec, Inc. A leading manufacturer of

high-performance networking and connec-

tivity products, including SCSI adapters,

RAID products, Fast Ethernet adapters,

ATM network interface cards, and server

management software. In 1998, Adaptec

acquired Ridge Technologies, a manufac-

turer of RAID and other storage solutions

for Microsoft Windows 2000.

For more information on Adaptec, see

www.adaptec.com.

adapter A printed circuit board that

plugs into a computer’s expansion bus to

provide added capabilities.

Common adapters include video adapters,

joy-stick controllers, and I/O adapters, as

well as other devices, such as internal mo-

dems, CD-ROMs, and network interface

cards. One adapter can often support sev-

eral different devices. Some of today’s PC

designs incorporate many of the functions

previously performed by these individual

adapters on the motherboard.

adaptive equalization

See adaptive

speed leveling.

adaptive routing A mechanism that al-

lows a network to reroute messages dynam-

ically, using the best available path, if a

portion of the network fails.

网络术语大全：理解和构建高效网络

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