ArcGISRuntimeSDKAndroid指南：2D/3D地图与场景开发实战

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"arcgis-runtime-sdk-android-guide-100.2.1，这是一份针对Android开发者的ArcGIS Runtime SDK使用教程，包含了从安装SDK到开发2D/3D地图应用的各种基础知识和进阶功能。" ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android 是Esri公司提供的一款强大的地图开发工具，它允许开发者在Android平台上构建具有地图、地理分析和空间数据处理功能的应用程序。这份指南涵盖了从入门到高级的多个方面，帮助开发者快速掌握如何使用这个SDK。 ### 1. 入门与安装 - **Get started**: 首先，你需要下载并安装ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android，将其集成到Android Studio项目中，配置必要的依赖和权限，以便开始开发工作。 ### 2. 第一个地图应用 - **DevelopyourfirstmapappwithJava/Kotlin**: 通过简单的步骤，教程会引导你创建第一个包含地图的Android应用。这包括设置布局，初始化地图视图，以及显示在线或离线地图。 ### 3. 基础概念 - **Maps (2D)**: 这部分介绍如何创建和操作2D地图，包括设置基图、缩放和平移等操作。 - **Offline**: 学习如何离线使用地图，包括保存地图包和离线层。 - **Layers and tables**: 层和表格是地图数据的基础，它们可以是矢量数据（如点、线、多边形）或栅格数据（如卫星图像）。这部分解释了如何添加和管理不同类型的图层。 - **Features and graphics**: 特征和图形用于在地图上表示具体的数据对象，如地址、事件或地理边界。 - **Symbols and renderers**: 符号和渲染器决定了特征和图形在地图上的视觉表现，包括颜色、形状和大小等。 - **Tasks and jobs**: 任务和作业涉及地理处理，例如缓冲区分析、距离测量等。 - **Geometries**: 几何对象是地图的基础元素，包括点、线、面等。 - **Spatial references**: 空间参考定义了地图坐标系统，确保数据正确投影和定位。 - **Loadable pattern for asynchronous resources**: 异步加载模式是处理地图资源的重要机制，它提高了应用的响应速度和用户体验。 ### 4. 2D地图操作 - **Display a map**: 显示地图并控制其视图，包括设置中心点、缩放级别等。 - **Build a new map**: 创建自定义地图，选择不同的图层和服务。 - **Add raster data**: 添加栅格数据，如卫星图像或航拍照片。 - **Wraparound maps**: 处理跨越180度经线的地图显示问题。 - **Save a map**: 用户可以保存当前的地图状态，方便后续访问。 - **Create an offline map**: 创建离线地图包，以便在无网络连接时使用。 - **Create an offline layer**: 生成离线图层，允许用户保存特定区域的数据。 ### 5. 3D场景操作 - **Work with scenes (3D)**: 进行3D场景的展示和导航。 - **Navigate a scene view**: 控制3D场景视图，包括旋转、平移和倾斜。 - **Add features and graphics to a scene view**: 在3D场景中添加特征和图形，增强视觉效果。 - **Follow a graphic in a scene view**: 跟踪图形，使用户可以关注特定的对象。 - **Display information**: 提供方法在地图或场景中显示附加信息，如弹出窗口或图形覆盖层。 ### 6. 功能扩展 - **Add graphics overlays to your app**: 添加图形覆盖层来显示实时数据或注解。 - **Add graphics and text to graphic overlays**: 在覆盖层上绘制图形和文本。 - **Display military symbols with a dictionary renderer**: 使用字典渲染器显示军事符号。 - **Display electronic navigational charts**: 显示电子航海图，适用于海事应用。 - **Display a grid**: 添加网格辅助定位和测量。 - **Label map features**: 为地图特征添加标签，提高信息可读性。 - **Show device location**: 实现实时显示设备位置，方便导航或追踪。 - **Search**: 提供搜索功能，查找地图上的特定地点或特征。 - **Identify features**: 选中地图上的特征，获取详细信息。 - **Search for places (geocoding)**: 地名编码，将地址转换为地图上的坐标。 - **Search for related features**: 搜索与特定特征相关的其他信息。这份详尽的指南是Android开发者学习ArcGISRuntimeSDK的宝贵资源，涵盖了从基础到高级的所有关键知识点，可以帮助开发者构建功能丰富的地图应用程序。

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Add the ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android AAR dependency

Here you'll update the gradle build script to add the ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android dependency to your app module. This will

automatically download the Android Archive (AAR) package from the Esri public Bintray Maven repository when you build your app.

Android is a permissions-separated operating system. You'll also add permissions for the functionality your app requires.

1. In the Android project view window, under Gradle Scripts, double-click build.gradle (Project: <project name>).

This opens the top-level build file that applies to all modules in your project. If you are unfamiliar with the Gradle build system,

see Build System Overview.

2. In the allprojects/repositories block of the script, add a new maven block as shown, with a value url

'https://esri.bintray.com/arcgis'. The full section should now look like the code below:

allprojects {

repositories {

google()

jcenter()

// Add the Esri public Bintray Maven repository

maven {

url 'https://esri.bintray.com/arcgis'

}

This directive tells Gradle where to look for the ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android dependencies, by specifying a Maven repository

URL.

3. In the Android project view window, under Gradle Scripts, double-click build.gradle (Module: <module name>).

This opens the module-level build file that applies to the single application module in your project. If you are unfamiliar with the

Gradle build system, see Build System Overview.

4. In the dependencies block of the script, add a new line "implementation 'com.esri.arcgisruntime:arcgis-android:100.2.1'". The

dependencies block should now look like the code below—the exact list of dependencies present will depend on the version of

Android Studio and the project settings chosen:

dependencies {

implementation 'com.esri.arcgisruntime:arcgis-android:100.2.1'

implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])

[more dependencies...]

}

(Prior to Android Studio version 3.0, you would have used a compile value instead of implementation.)

5. In the Android Studio toolbar, click Sync Project with Gradle Files. Alternatively, when you see the Gradle files have changed

since last project sync message at the top of the gradle script window, click Sync Now.

6. In the Android project view window, under app > manifests, double-click AndroidManifest.xml.

This opens the manifest file for your app.

7. Add the following XML elements as children of the existing manifest:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

<uses-feature android:glEsVersion="0x00020000" android:required="true" />

This informs the Android launcher that your app requires permission to access the Internet. If an app is running on Android API

level 23 or above, normal permissions are requested at install time—internet access is a normal permission, so no additional

work is required to enable this permission. It also indicates that your app requires the OpenGL version 2.0 software feature for

the app to run and display a map view. Most apps you develop with the ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android will need this feature

and a minimum of this permission. For more information, see the Android Developers topics Android Permissions and Uses

Feature Element.

You've added a dependency to the ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android AAR to your app module. Next, you'll add a map showing a map

service to the app and set up an initial extent for that map.

Add a MapView to your layout

Now that you've created an app with an ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android AAR dependency, the next step is to add a MapView to the

activity layout.

ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android

1. In the Android project view window, under app, click res > layout, then double-click activity_main.xml.

This opens the Preview view of the central content for the main activity layout. Note that depending on the exact Android Studio

version you are using and the initial activity template you chose, the project may contain multiple layout XML files—for example if

you chose the Basic Activity template, you may need to instead open the content_main.xml layout.

2. At the lower left of the window, click Text to show the XML view of the layout if it's not already shown.

By default, there are two tags in the layout XML file.

• The first is an Android ConstraintLayout. This is a view that can show other views inside itself. It arranges its children

views relative to each other. For more information, see the Constraint Layout and User Interface documentation from

Google.

• The second is a TextView, a child of the constraint layout, displaying the text "Hello world!".

3. Select the entire TextView XML element and replace it with a MapView element as follows:

<com.esri.arcgisruntime.mapping.view.MapView

android:id="@+id/mapView"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent" >

</com.esri.arcgisruntime.mapping.view.MapView>

For a more comprehensive understanding of the declarative approach to user interface (UI) design, see Declaring Layout. Additionally,

there are different types of layout constraint attributes that are commonly used with the ConstraintLayout; refer to the Constraint

Layout documentation for more information.

Set a map on the MapView

By default, a MapView does not display anything, so the next step is to define a map to be displayed. You will specify that the map shows

a worldwide topographic basemap from ArcGIS Online. As it's often more useful for an app to initially display a specific region rather than

its entire extent, you'll also set the map to zoom in to a specific center point—showing the Esri campus in Redlands, California.

1. In the Android project view window, under app, click java > [package name], and double-click MainActivity.

This opens the Kotlin code defining the default activity of your app. (Kotlin code is still contained in a subfolder of a java folder).

2. Add the following code to the onCreate method, after the existing call to setContentView:

// create a map with the BasemapType topographic

val map = ArcGISMap(Basemap.Type.TOPOGRAPHIC, 34.056295, -117.195800, 16)

This code creates an ArcGISMap with a specific predefined Basemap.Type displaying a general-use topographic map,

centered at a specific set of coordinates, and zoomed to a specific level of detail.

3. Android Studio will highlight in red the ArcGISMap and Basemap classes, which must be imported into the activity class. Place

the pointer on the ArcGISMap text highlighted in red and press Alt+Enter to resolve the symbol. Choose import. Repeat this

step to import Basemap.

You should now have the following import statements at the top of your class.

import com.esri.arcgisruntime.mapping.ArcGISMap

import com.esri.arcgisruntime.mapping.Basemap

4. Add the following code to the onCreate method, after the previous line you added:

// set the map to be displayed in the layout's MapView

mapView.map = map

This code sets the ArcGISMap you created into the MapView you defined in the layout.

5. Android Studio will highlight mapView. Place the pointer on mapView and press Alt+Enter to resolve the symbol. This time you

should see more than one option to import. Choose kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_main.mapView.

The kotlin android extensions plugin (part of your project by default when you add Kotlin support) generates synthetic properties,

so you can access views in the layout XML as if they were properties of the class. Android Studio will import all of the named

views in the layout by adding a general import.

import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_main.*

6. Add the following methods to the MainActivity class, to override the onPause and onResume methods inherited from the

parent activity class, and pause and resume the MapView when those methods are called:

ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android

Maps (2D)

A map can tell a story, present an idea, or showcase a situation. It can help you do hundreds of things, from finding the nearest hospital to

viewing earthquake events in relation to high-population areas.

Unlike most maps, ArcGIS maps have many additional capabilities. They can contain data organized by layers and can contain analysis

capabilities that let you reveal patterns and solve many types of problems. For example, an ArcGIS map can show your fleet of trucks as

they move around an area and it can optimize their routes to maximize the fleet's efficiency.

A map is typically composed of a basemap that provides geographic context and operational layers that contain the salient content of the

map. You can use your own data, Esri's data, or both in your app's map. In ArcGIS Runtime apps, a map can be used in conjunction with

a map view to visualize this geographic data on a screen. In this context a map represents the model tier in an MVC architecture, and a

map view represents the view tier:

• A map specifies where the geographic content (data) comes from and how it's organized (what layers it has, what bookmarks,

initial viewpoint, and so on). Content in the layers may come from a variety of map sources, including from online sources or from

local data stores, such as a feature table in a mobile geodatabase or data from a mobile map package. For more information on

the data and layer types you can include in a map, see Layers and tables.

• A map view renders the map's content and controls how users navigate and interact with the map. Operations such as rotation,

panning, and zooming allow the user to change their viewpoint of the map. A map view can have graphic overlays for displaying

graphics over the map, such as the results from a query or analysis. A map view translates display coordinates to map coordinates

so your app can associate user interactions with map coordinates.

ArcGIS Runtime provides map and map view objects that you can use to build new maps, display maps, save maps and share maps. Also

see the API reference.

Note: • When you view or analyze spatial data from different layers or map sources in your

map, you may need to consider their spatial reference. For details, see Spatial

references.

• Objects that can be symbolized on your map can come from persisted data (feature

data, such as roads and parcels in a geodatabase) and transient data (graphics, such

as data coming through a web socket). For details, see Features and graphics, and

Symbols and renderers.

ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android

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