ns-3模块详解：网络协议模拟与应用

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"NS-3模型库 - NS-3项目 - 版本3.17" NS-3是一个广泛使用的开源网络模拟框架，它允许研究人员和开发者模拟各种网络环境和协议，以理解、分析和优化网络性能。这篇文档详细介绍了NS-3模型库中的各个模块，涵盖从基本组件到高级应用的各个方面。 1. 组织结构：NS-3项目按照功能和用途划分模块，确保代码的可读性和可维护性。每个模块都有明确的设计目标和实现策略，使得用户可以根据需要选择和配置不同的组件。 2. 动画（NetAnim）：NetAnim是一个图形化工具，用于可视化NS-3模拟的网络活动，如节点移动、数据包传输等，这对于理解模拟过程非常有帮助。 3. 天线模块：该模块提供了多种天线模型，包括不同类型的定向和全向天线，以及天线的辐射特性，这些特性对无线通信的模拟至关重要。 4. AdHoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV)路由协议：AODV是一种适用于移动自组网的动态路由协议，文档中详细描述了其模型设计、使用方法和验证过程。 5. 应用程序：NS-3支持多种网络应用程序，如TCP/IP套接字应用，这些应用可以用于模拟实际网络服务和流量。 6. BridgeNetDevice：此模块实现了桥接功能，允许在不同网络层之间进行数据转发，例如在以太网和Wi-Fi设备间建立桥梁。 7. BRITE集成：NS-3可以与BRITE（Basic Router Traffic Generator）结合，用于生成和模拟复杂的拓扑结构。 8. 建筑物模块：这个模块考虑了建筑物对无线信号传播的影响，包括穿透损耗和反射，提供更真实的室内无线通信模拟。 9. Click Modular Router集成：NS-3可以与Click软件定义路由器相结合，提供灵活的路由策略配置。 10. CSMA NetDevice：CSMA（Carrier Sense Multiple Access）模型用于模拟带有冲突检测的局域网环境，文档中详细介绍了其工作原理、使用方法和验证步骤。 11. DSDV（Destination Sequenced Distance Vector）路由：DSDV是一种适用于移动网络的路由协议，文档提供了其工作原理和使用指南。 12. DSRRouting：DSR（Dynamic Source Routing）是另一种移动自组网路由协议，文档涵盖了其概述、使用方法、辅助类、示例和验证信息。以上各模块的详细设计文档、用户手册和测试文档为用户提供了全面的指导，以便于在NS-3环境中构建和运行复杂的网络模拟场景。通过这些工具和模型，开发者和研究人员可以深入研究网络行为，优化协议性能，并解决实际网络问题。

ns-3 Model Library, Release ns-3.17

2.1.3 Building NetAnim

Prerequisites

Qt4 (4.7 and over) is required to build NetAnim. This can be obtained using the following ways:

For Debian/Ubuntu Linux distributions:

apt-get install qt4-dev-tools

For Red Hat/Fedora based distribution:

yum install qt4

yum install qt4-devel

For Mac/OSX:

http://qt.nokia.com/downloads/

Build steps

To build NetAnim use the following commands:

cd netanim

make clean

qmake NetAnim.pro (For MAC Users: qmake -spec macx-g++ NetAnim.pro)

make

Note: qmake could be “qmake-qt4” in some systems

This should create an executable named “NetAnim” in the same directory:

john@john-VirtualBox:~/netanim$ ls -l NetAnim

-rwxr-xr-x 1 john john 390395 2012-05-22 08:32 NetAnim

2.1.4 Usage

Using NetAnim is a two-step process

Step 1:Generate the animation XML trace ﬁle during simulation using “ns3::AnimationInterface” in the ns-3 code

base.

Step 2:Load the XML trace ﬁle generated in Step 1 with the ofﬂine Qt4-based animator named NetAnim.

Step 1: Generate XML animation trace ﬁle

The class “AnimationInterface” under “src/netanim” uses underlying ns-3 trace sources to construct a timestamped

ASCII ﬁle in XML format.

Examples are found under src/netanim/examples Example:

./waf -d debug configure --enable-examples

./waf --run "dumbbell-animation"

The above will create an XML ﬁle dumbbell-animation.xml

10 Chapter 2. Animation

ns-3 Model Library, Release ns-3.17

Mandatory

1. Ensure that your program’s wscript includes the “netanim” module. An example of such a wscript is at

src/netanim/examples/wscript.

2. Include the header [#include “ns3/netanim-module.h”] in your test program

3. Add the statement

AnimationInterface anim ("animation.xml");

where "animation.xml" is any arbitrary filename

[for versions before ns-3.13 you also have to use the line “anim.SetXMLOutput() to set the XML mode and also use

anim.StartAnimation();]

Optional

The following are optional but useful steps:

1.anim.SetMobilityPollInterval (Seconds (1));

AnimationInterface records the position of all nodes every 250 ms by default. The statement above sets the periodic

interval at which AnimationInterface records the position of all nodes. If the nodes are expected to move very little, it

is useful to set a high mobility poll interval to avoid large XML ﬁles.

2. anim.SetConstantPosition (Ptr< Node > n, double x, double y);

AnimationInterface requires that the position of all nodes be set. In ns-3 this is done by setting an associated Mobili-

tyModel. “SetConstantPosition” is a quick way to set the x-y coordinates of a node which is stationary.

3. anim.SetStartTime (Seconds(150)); and anim.SetStopTime (Seconds(150));

AnimationInterface can generate large XML ﬁles. The above statements restricts the window between which Ani-

mationInterface does tracing. Restricting the window serves to focus only on relevant portions of the simulation and

creating manageably small XML ﬁles

4. AnimationInterface anim ("animation.xml", 50000);

Using the above constructor ensures that each animation XML trace ﬁle has only 50000 packets. For example, if

AnimationInterface captures 150000 packets, using the above constructor splits the capture into 3 ﬁles

animation.xml - containing the packet range 1-50000

animation.xml-1 - containing the packet range 50001-100000

animation.xml-2 - containing the packet range 100001-150000

5. anim.EnablePacketMetadata (true);

With the above statement, AnimationInterface records the meta-data of each packet in the xml trace ﬁle. Metadata

can be used by NetAnim to provide better statistics and ﬁlter, along with providing some brief information about the

packet such as TCP sequence number or source & destination IP address during packet animation.

CAUTION: Enabling this feature will result in larger XML trace ﬁles. Please do NOT enable this feature when using

Wimax links.

2.1. NetAnim 11

ns-3 Model Library, Release ns-3.17

This is the XML root element. All other elements fall within this element. Attributes are:

lp = Logical Processor Id (Used for distributed simulations only)

2. <topology> element

This elements contains the Node and Link elements.It describes, the co-ordinates of the canvas used for animation.

Attributes are:

minX = minimum X coordinate of the animation canvas

minY = minimum Y coordinate of the animation canvas

maxX = maximum X coordinate of the animation canvas

maxY = maximum Y coordinate of the animation canvas

Example:

3. <node> element

This element describes each Node’s Id and X,Y co-ordinate (position). Attributes are:

id = Node Id

locX = X coordinate

locY = Y coordinate

Example:

4. <link> element

This element describes wired links between two nodes. Attributes are:

fromId = From Node Id (first node id)

toId = To Node Id (second node id)

Example:

5. <p> element

This element describes a packet over wired links being transmitted at some node and received at another.

The reception details are described in its associated rx element Attributes are:

fId = Node Id transmitting the packet

fbTx = First bit transmit time of the packet

lbTx = Last bit transmit time of the packet

toId = Node Id receiving the packet

fbRx = First bit Reception Time of the packet

lbRx = Last bit Reception Time of the packet

Example:

A packet over wired-links from Node 1 was received at Node 0. The ﬁrst bit of the packet was transmitted at the 1st

second, the last bit was transmitted at the 1.000067199th second of the simulation Node 0 received the ﬁrst bit of the

packet at the 1.002th second and the last bit of the packet at the 1.002067199th second of the simulation NOTE: A

packet with fromId == toId is a dummy packet used internally by the AnimationInterface. Please ignore this packet

7. <wp> element

2.1. NetAnim 13

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