使用 Ruby on Rails 构建 Web mashup 项目的步骤式教程

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Ruby on Rails Web Mashup 项目 Ruby on Rails 是一个基于 Model-View-Controller（MVC）架构的 Web 应用框架，由 David Heinemeier Hansson 创建于 2003 年。它使用 Ruby 语言编写，遵循 Don't Repeat Yourself（DRY）原则，旨在提高开发效率和代码可维护性。 Web Mashup 是一种基于 Web 的应用程序集成技术，通过组合多个 Web 应用程序的功能和数据，创建新的应用程序。Web Mashup 可以帮助开发者快速构建新的应用程序，提高开发效率和灵活性。本书《Ruby on Rails Web Mashup Projects》是一本关于如何使用 Ruby on Rails 构建 Web Mashup 应用程序的教程书籍。该书籍提供了一步步的指南，指导读者如何使用 Ruby on Rails 构建 Web Mashup 应用程序，包括如何设计和实现 Mashup 应用程序的各个组件。 Ruby on Rails 的优点包括： * 高度灵活和可扩展性 * 简洁的代码结构和易维护性 * 强大的数据库支持和缓存机制 * 完善的社区支持和第三方插件 Ruby on Rails 的缺点包括： * 相对陡峭的学习曲线 * 不适合小型应用程序 * 需要专门的服务器来运行 Ajax 是一种异步 JavaScript 和 XML 的缩写，用于创建动态网页，提高用户体验。Ajax technology 可以帮助开发者创建响应速度快、用户体验好的 Web 应用程序。 ASP.NET 是一个基于 Microsoft .NET Framework 的 Web 应用框架，提供了一个强大的开发环境，用于构建基于 Web 的应用程序。ASP.NET 提供了一个完整的开发工具集，包括Visual Studio、ASP.NET AJAX 等。 J2EE（Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition）是一种基于 Java 的企业级应用程序开发平台，提供了一个完整的开发环境，用于构建基于 Java 的企业级应用程序。J2EE 提供了一个强大的安全机制和事务处理机制，适合大型企业级应用程序的开发。 Java 是一种基于对象的编程语言，于 1995 年由 Sun Microsystems 公司开发。Java 语言具有平台独立性、面向对象、动态加载等特点，广泛应用于 Android 手机应用程序、Web 应用程序和企业级应用程序等领域。本书籍《Ruby on Rails Web Mashup Projects》为读者提供了一步步的指南，指导读者如何使用 Ruby on Rails 构建 Web Mashup 应用程序，包括如何设计和实现 Mashup 应用程序的各个组件。 Ruby on Rails、Ajax、ASP.NET、J2EE 和 Java 等技术的结合使用，可以帮助开发者快速构建高效、灵活的 Web 应用程序。

Preface

[ 3 ]

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the

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begin

kiosks.each { |kiosk|

loc = MultiGeocoder.geocode(kiosk.address)

kiosk.lat = loc.lat

Any command-line input and output is written as follows:

$./script/plugin install svn://rubyforge.org/var/svn/geokit/trunk

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Introduction to Web Mashups

[ 6 ]

Ruby and Ruby on Rails

Ruby is a dynamic, object-oriented programming language that is highly suitable for

integrating various pieces of data and software together:

Ruby is designed for programmer productivity and can be used to quickly

develop maintainable pieces of software.

Ruby is interpreted in real time, meaning that whatever is coded can be

executed immediately without compilation.

Ruby has a signicant number of libraries that can be easily re-used through

the gem packaging mechanism.

Ruby on Rails is an open-source full stack web application framework built on Ruby.

Ruby on Rails follows two basic guiding principles—Convention over Conguration

and Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY).

Convention over Conguration is a programming design that favors following

a certain set of programming conventions instead of conguring an application

framework. Certain commonly used congurations (by convention and not by

rule) are pre-set and the framework just works if you follow those conventions. For

example in Ruby on Rails, the convention states that a controller for a model object

Book will be called BookController and all view pages relating to that controller

will be kept in a folder called book.

DRY is a principle that focuses on reducing information duplication by keeping any

piece of knowledge in a system in only one place. For example, in ActiveRecord

(a major component of Ruby on Rails), schema information doesn't need to be

duplicated in complex XML conguration les but is derived from the database

schema itself. If the schema changes, the model changes accordingly, without the

need to make changes in other parts of the system.

All this translates into a highly productive development framework in which web

applications can be developed, deployed, and maintained easily. This framework,

coupled with the fact that it uses Ruby, makes it an excellent platform for developing

web mashups.

For more in-depth discussion into Ruby's capabilities I would recommend

you look at Programming Ruby: The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide by Dave

Thomas, Chad Fowler, and Andy Hunt as well as The Ruby Way, Second

Edition: Solutions and Techniques in Ruby Programming by Hal Fulton.

The recommended reading for Ruby on Rails is Agile Web

Development with Rails, Second Edition by Dave Thomas and David

Heinemeier Hansson.

•

Chapter 1

[ 7 ]

A note of caution here—this book is written with Rails 1.2.x in mind and the projects

and examples in this book follows this version. There is no signicant change in the

projects though, if you choose to use Rails 2.x instead. As of writing, Rails does not

work with Ruby 1.9. If you're a complete beginner with Ruby and Ruby on Rails I

would recommend you ip through the books mentioned in the information box

opposite before plunging into this one.

Types of web mashups

There are some existing classications of mashups in various literatures available

on this subject though none are authoritative. In many cases, web mashups are

categorized according to their functionality; for example, some dene data mashups,

photo and video mashups, news mashups, and business mashups. However, in this

book, I classify web mashups by how they are used in building an application. From

this perspective, we can see two broad types of web mashups:

A fully standalone mashup application.

An embedded mashup plugin.

A mashup application is a web mashup that provides a complete set of functions

for the user. This means a mashup application is the entire purpose of the system.

For example, a mashup might take data from Flickr, the photo storage and sharing

application and mash it up with Google Maps, the online mapping application to

display photos that come from a particular geographical area. By themselves, neither

Flickr nor Google Maps are able to provide these features. However, this mashup's

functionalities only come from combining both APIs; the web application cannot

exist without the APIs. The functionality of the mashup is a synergistic product of

creative usage of APIs from both sources.

A mashup plugin, on the other hand, only provides part of the functionality of

an existing web application. For example a leave (time off work) submission and

approval application's core functionality is to allow users to submit and approve

leave as part of an HR process. A mashup plugin can be embedded into this

application to allow an employee to apply optionally for leave through an online

calendar and send a text message to the manager to alert him or her. The data from

the online calendar is passed to the core application and also the text messaging APIs

to enhance the value of the core application. However, the leave submission and

approval application can still exist and its core functionality is not reduced without

the mashup plugin.

•

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