Visual C# 2010入门到精通教程：实践与详解

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"《Visual.C#2010从入门到精通》是一本实用的IT教材，专为初学者和进阶开发者设计，旨在帮助读者掌握Microsoft Visual C# 2010这款强大的编程语言。作者John Sharp以其深入浅出的方式，带领读者从基础概念开始，逐步探索C#的关键特性和编程技巧。本书的核心内容涵盖了C#语言的基础知识，包括语法结构、面向对象编程、控制结构、函数和类的设计、异常处理、集合框架以及.NET框架的运用。此外，书中还会介绍如何利用Visual Studio集成开发环境（IDE）进行高效开发，包括使用IntelliSense功能提高代码编写效率，以及与Excel、Internet Explorer、JScript、MSDN等Microsoft工具的协同工作。在学习过程中，读者不仅能理论结合实践，通过实例项目来巩固所学，还能了解到如何利用SQL Server数据库管理和Windows应用程序开发。Visual C# 2010的最新特性，如WPF（Windows Presentation Foundation）和ASP.NET MVC，也将在这本书中有所涉及，让读者跟上技术的发展步伐。版权方面，该书受到严格保护，未经Microsoft Press授权，任何复制或传播内容的行为都是违法的。这本书不仅适合自学，也适用于学校和培训机构的教学使用。国际版的获取方式可通过联系当地微软办事处或直接联系Microsoft Press International获取。总体来说，《Visual.C#2010从入门到精通》是一本全面且实用的教程，无论是对于希望踏入C#编程世界的新手，还是希望提升技能的现有开发者，都是一个宝贵的学习资源。通过阅读本书，读者将建立起坚实的C#编程基础，并能在实际工作中灵活运用，进一步提升自己的IT技能。"

Table of Contents xv

Part VI Building Professional Solutions with

Visual Studio 2010

27 Introducing the Task Parallel Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Why Perform Multitasking by Using Parallel Processing?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600

The Rise of the Multicore Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Implementing Multitasking in a Desktop Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

Tasks, Threads, and the ThreadPool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

Creating, Running, and Controlling Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604

Using the Task Class to Implement Parallelism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608

Abstracting Tasks by Using the Parallel Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

Returning a Value from a Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

Using Tasks and User Interface Threads Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

Canceling Tasks and Handling Exceptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

The Mechanics of Cooperative Cancellation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

Handling Task Exceptions by Using the AggregateException Class . . . . 641

Using Continuations with Canceled and Faulted Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .645

Chapter 27 Quick Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .646

28 Performing Parallel Data Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Using PLINQ to Parallelize Declarative Data Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Using PLINQ to Improve Performance While Iterating Through a

Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Specifying Options for a PLINQ Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

Canceling a PLINQ Query. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Synchronizing Concurrent Imperative Data Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Locking Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Synchronization Primitives in the Task Parallel Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

Cancellation and the Synchronization Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .668

The Concurrent Collection Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .668

Using a Concurrent Collection and a Lock to Implement

Thread-Safe Data Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

Chapter 28 Quick Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

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xvii

Acknowledgments

An oft-repeated fable is that the workmen who paint the Forth Railway Bridge, a large

Victorian cantilever structure that spans the Firth of Forth just north of Edinburgh, have a

job for life. According to the myth, it takes them several years to paint it from one end to

the other, and when they have ﬁnished they have to start over again. I am not sure whether

this is due to the ferocity of the Scottish weather, or the sensitivity of the paint that is used,

although my daughter insists it is simply that the members of Edinburgh City Council have

yet to decide on a color scheme that they really like for the bridge. I sometimes feel that this

book has similar attributes. No sooner have I completed an edition and seen it published,

then Microsoft announces another cool update for Visual Studio and C#, and my friends at

Microsoft Press contact me and say, “What are your plans for the next edition?” However,

unlike painting the Forth Railway Bridge, working on a new edition of this text is always an

enjoyable task with a lot more scope for inventiveness than trying to work out new ways

to hold a paint brush. There is always something novel to learn and innovative technology

to play with. In this edition, I cover the new features of C# 4.0 and the .NET Framework 4.0,

which developers will ﬁnd invaluable for building applications that can take advantage of the

increasingly powerful hardware now becoming available. Hence, although this work appears

to be a never-ending task, it is always fruitful and pleasurable.

A large part of the enjoyment when working on a project such as this is the opportunity to

collaborate with a highly motivated group of talented people within Microsoft Press, the

developers at Microsoft working on Visual Studio 2010, and the people who review each

chapter and make suggestions for various improvements. I would especially like to single out

Rosemary Caperton and Stephen Sagman who have worked tirelessly to keep the project

on track, to Per Blomqvist who reviewed (and corrected) each chapter, and to Roger LeBlanc

who had the thankless task of copy-editing the manuscript and converting my prose into

English. I must also make special mention of Michael Blome who provided me with early

access to software and answered the many questions that I had concerning the Task Parallal

Library. Several members of Content Master were kept gainfully employed reviewing and

testing the code for the exercises—thanks Mike Sumsion, Chris Cully, James Millar, and Louisa

Perry. Of course, I must additionally thank Jon Jagger who co-authored the ﬁrst edition of

this book with me back in 2001.

Last but by no means least, I must thank my family. My wife Diana is a wonderful source

of inspiration. When writing Chapter 28 on the Task Parallel Library I had a mental block

www.dotnety.com

xix

Introduction

Microsoft Visual C# is a powerful but simple language aimed primarily at developers creating

applications by using the Microsoft .NET Framework. It inherits many of the best features of

C++ and Microsoft Visual Basic, but few of the inconsistencies and anachronisms, resulting

in a cleaner and more logical language. C# 1.0 made its public debut in 2001. The advent of

C# 2.0 with Visual Studio 2005 saw several important new features added to the language,

including Generics, Iterators, and anonymous methods. C# 3.0 which was released with

Visual Studio 2008, added extension methods, lambda expressions, and most famously of

all, the Language Integrated Query facility, or LINQ. The latest incarnation of the language,

C# 4.0, provides further enhancements that improve its interoperability with other languages

and technologies. These features include support for named and optional arguments, the

dynamic type which indicates that the language runtime should implement late binding for

an object, and variance which resolves some issues in the way in which generic interfaces are

deﬁned. C# 4.0 takes advantage of the latest version of the .NET Framework, also version

4.0. There are many additions to the .NET Framework in this release, but arguably the most

signiﬁcant are the classes and types that constitute the Task Parallel Library (TPL). Using the

TPL, you can now build highly scalable applications that can take full advantage of multi-core

processors quickly and easily. The support for Web services and Windows Communication

Foundation (WCF) has also been extended; you can now build services that follow the REST

model as well as the more traditional SOAP scheme.

The development environment provided by Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 makes all these

powerful features easy to use, and the many new wizards and enhancements included in

Visual Studio 2010 can greatly improve your productivity as a developer.

Who This Book Is For

This book assumes that you are a developer who wants to learn the fundamentals of

programming with C# by using Visual Studio 2010 and the .NET Framework version 4.0. In

this book, you will learn the features of the C# language, and then use them to build applica-

tions running on the Microsoft Windows operating system. By the time you complete this

book, you will have a thorough understanding of C# and will have used it to build Windows

Presentation Foundation applications, access Microsoft SQL Server databases by using ADO.

NET and LINQ, build responsive and scalable applications by using the TPL, and create REST

and SOAP Web services by using WCF.

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