深入学习Shell脚本的艺术：高级Bash编程指南

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"《高级Bash脚本指南》(Advanced Bash Scripting Guide)是由Mendel Cooper撰写的一本权威著作，它在Shell编程领域享有盛誉，尤其适合初学者和进阶用户。该书自2014年3月修订以来，历经多次更新，反映了作者及其社区对Shell编程艺术的深入探索。书中不设门槛，逐步引导读者从基础步入中级和高级水平，同时融入了丰富的UNIX®经验和智慧。《高级Bash脚本指南》并非仅仅是一本理论教材，而是实践性极强的教程，通过大量的练习和详尽注释的示例，鼓励读者亲身参与编写脚本，强调实践出真知的学习方式。它不仅是自我学习的理想参考书籍，也是shell脚本技术的宝库，提供了丰富的技巧和知识来源。这本书特别适合用作课堂上的编程入门课程，让学员在轻松愉快的环境中接触编程的基本概念。作者将其慷慨地置于公共领域，表示没有任何版权限制，体现了分享和学习的精神。书中内容包括两大部分：第一章深入探讨Shell编程，可能涉及基础语法、环境变量、管道和逻辑控制等内容；第二章则从实践出发，介绍如何利用Bash脚本进行文件操作、用户交互、系统管理等实用任务。后续章节可能会讲解更复杂的主题，如函数、脚本设计模式、错误处理以及与外部工具的集成等。无论你是想提升自己的Linux技能，还是寻求一种简洁高效的自动化工具，这本书都是不可或缺的资源。它的存在，使得Shell编程的学习过程既系统又富有乐趣，有助于培养用户的程序设计思维和解决问题的能力。"

bash$ cp /home/bozo/current_work/junk/* .

Copy all the "junk" files to $PWD.

"dot" character match. When matching characters, as part of a regular expression, a "dot" matches a

single character.

partial quoting [double quote]. "STRING" preserves (from interpretation) most of the special

characters within STRING. See Chapter 5.

full quoting [single quote]. 'STRING' preserves all special characters within STRING. This is a

stronger form of quoting than "STRING". See Chapter 5.

comma operator. The comma operator [16] links together a series of arithmetic operations. All are

evaluated, but only the last one is returned.

let "t2 = ((a = 9, 15 / 3))"

# Set "a = 9" and "t2 = 15 / 3"

The comma operator can also concatenate strings.

for file in /{,usr/}bin/*calc

# ^ Find all executable files ending in "calc"

#+ in /bin and /usr/bin directories.

if [ -x "$file" ]

then

echo $file

done

# /bin/ipcalc

# /usr/bin/kcalc

# /usr/bin/oidcalc

# /usr/bin/oocalc

# Thank you, Rory Winston, for pointing this out.

,, ,

Lowercase conversion in parameter substitution (added in version 4 of Bash).

escape [backslash]. A quoting mechanism for single characters.

\X escapes the character X. This has the effect of "quoting" X, equivalent to 'X'. The \ may be used to

quote " and ', so they are expressed literally.

See Chapter 5 for an in-depth explanation of escaped characters.

Filename path separator [forward slash]. Separates the components of a filename (as in

/home/bozo/projects/Makefile).

This is also the division arithmetic operator.

command substitution. The `command` construct makes available the output of command for

assignment to a variable. This is also known as backquotes or backticks.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 10

In combination with the >> redirection operator, has no effect on a pre-existing target file (: >>

target_file). If the file did not previously exist, creates it.

This applies to regular files, not pipes, symlinks, and certain special files.

May be used to begin a comment line, although this is not recommended. Using # for a comment

turns off error checking for the remainder of that line, so almost anything may appear in a comment.

However, this is not the case with :.

: This is a comment that generates an error, ( if [ $x -eq 3] ).

The ":" serves as a field separator, in /etc/passwd, and in the $PATH variable.

bash$ echo $PATH

/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/games

A colon is acceptable as a function name.

:()

{

echo "The name of this function is "$FUNCNAME" "

# Why use a colon as a function name?

# It's a way of obfuscating your code.

}

# The name of this function is :

This is not portable behavior, and therefore not a recommended practice. In fact, more recent releases

of Bash do not permit this usage. An underscore _ works, though.

A colon can serve as a placeholder in an otherwise empty function.

not_empty ()

{

} # Contains a : (null command), and so is not empty.

reverse (or negate) the sense of a test or exit status [bang]. The ! operator inverts the exit status of

the command to which it is applied (see Example 6-2). It also inverts the meaning of a test operator.

This can, for example, change the sense of equal ( = ) to not-equal ( != ). The ! operator is a Bash

keyword.

In a different context, the ! also appears in indirect variable references.

In yet another context, from the command line, the ! invokes the Bash history mechanism (see

Appendix L). Note that within a script, the history mechanism is disabled.

wild card [asterisk]. The * character serves as a "wild card" for filename expansion in globbing. By

itself, it matches every filename in a given directory.

bash$ echo *

abs-book.sgml add-drive.sh agram.sh alias.sh

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 12

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