Spectral Efficiency Assessment and Radio
Performance Comparison between LTE and WiMAX
Carsten Ball, Thomas Hindelang
Radio Access Division
Nokia Siemens Networks GmbH & Co. KG
Munich, Germany
Carsten.Ball@nsn.com
Iavor Kambourov, Sven Eder
Program and Systems Engineering
Siemens AG,
Vienna, Austria
Iavor.Kambourov@siemens.com
Abstract— This paper provides a detailed performance
comparison between both upcoming OFDM based mobile
technologies for broadband radio access – 3GPP UTRA LTE and
mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e). Based on link level simulation
results, key performance indicators like physical layer
throughput have been evaluated for different channel conditions
and different modulation and coding schemes (MCS). Besides
SISO, both MIMO 2x2 diversity and MIMO 2x2 spatial
multiplexing scenarios have been investigated showing very
promising results for the downlink direction. A thorough analysis
has been presented highlighting the differences of both competing
technologies and their impacts on spectral efficiency and radio
performance. For this, in a first assessment, system parameters
have been aligned towards equal peak throughput per MCS to
show the technology specific behavior under different SNIR
conditions. In a second assessment, full 3GPP and IEEE standard
compliant system configurations have been ranked including for
example typical layer one overhead. It has been shown that
WiMAX as well as LTE prove to be state of the art technologies,
with excellent performance but with certain advantages and
disadvantages on both sides. The overall radio performance,
however, is rather equal, thus clear-cut performance statements
have to be based on higher layer design and even on network
level.
Keywords — E-UTRA, LTE, WiMAX, SNIR, AMC, MIMO,
diversity, spatial multiplexing
I. INTRODUCTION
Mobile broadband access providing outstanding user data
rates at lowest latencies gets reality within the next couple of
years by the widespread deployment of OFDM based wireless
technologies such as WiMAX and UTRA LTE [1] – [4]. The
peak data rate will exceed 150 Mbps in 20 MHz bandwidth
assuming moderate 2x2 MIMO. The end-to-end ping delays of
roughly 10-20 ms will be achieved thanks to a flat IP based
radio access network (RAN) architecture. The latter will
consist of 2 nodes only, i.e. base stations called eNodeBs in
LTE and APs in WiMAX as well as access gateways (aGWs)
to the Internet.
Both technologies will offer wireless access as an
alternative to fixed access, e.g. DSL like high data rate Internet
services, and will even extend broadband services with
mobility to areas where currently no fixed broadband access is
feasible due to excessive costs on the last mile. Thanks to the
extraordinary low delay in the order of a couple of
milliseconds, enriched user experience with real time and
interactive services will be achieved. Today’s dominating
circuit switched voice service will be substituted exclusively by
packet based VoIP, which takes benefit from full multiplexing
gain on shared radio resources.
Due to the fully data optimized architecture, significant
improvements in spectral efficiency and data performance are
expected. Both LTE and WiMAX utilize latest technology
trends such as:
• deployments in tight frequency reuse, typically reuse 1
• flexible bandwidth scalability ranging from 1.25 / 1.4
MHz up to 20 MHz to ease refarming scenarios,
• orthogonal frequency division multiple access
(OFDMA) [5] even partly combined with CDM
components,
• flexible cyclic prefix (CP) configuration to combat
excessive multipath e.g. for Broadcast service or hilly
terrain environment,
• state-of-the-art Turbo Coding [6]-[7] with fast adaptive
modulation and coding (AMC),
• Hybrid ARQ with Incremental Redundancy,
• adaptive MIMO with up to 4 antennas on receive and
transmit side supporting both single-user as well as
multi-user MIMO,
• various MIMO diversity and spatial multiplexing
modes with dynamic switching depending on radio
conditions [8]-[10],
• user specific Link Adaptation (AMC and Power
Control) on signaling channels,
• short Time Transmission Intervals (TTIs) in the order
of 1-2 ms to reduce latency and ping,
• sub-channeling with either localized allocations
suitable for frequency selective packet scheduling or
distributed allocations (for example with subcarrier
permutation) aiming towards interference averaging
and frequency diversity and
• persistent scheduling for high capacity VoIP use cases.
In this study WiMAX and LTE are analyzed from a
physical layer perspective with focus on the dominant
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