Tika技术权威指南：全面了解Tika的应用和实践

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Tika in Action权威参考 Tika是一个开源的内容分析引擎，可以用来解析和提取结构化和非结构化数据中的元数据和内容。Tika在Action是一本权威的参考书籍，全面地介绍了Tika的功能和应用场景。 **Tika的基本概念** Tika是一个基于Java的开源项目，由Apache Software Foundation（ASF）维护。Tika的主要功能是解析和提取结构化和非结构化数据中的元数据和内容。Tika可以处理多种类型的数据，包括文本、图片、音频、视频等。 **Tika的架构** Tika的架构主要分为三个部分：Parser、Detector和Writer。Parser负责将输入数据解析成可处理的格式，Detector负责检测数据的类型和结构，Writer负责将处理后的数据写入到指定的输出流中。 **Tika的应用场景** Tika的应用场景非常广泛，包括： * 文档管理：Tika可以用来提取文档中的元数据和内容，实现文档的自动分类和检索。 * 数据挖掘：Tika可以用来提取结构化和非结构化数据中的有价值信息，实现数据挖掘和分析。 * 搜索引擎：Tika可以用来将文档和数据索引到搜索引擎中，实现快速检索和搜索。 **Tika与Solr和Lucene的关系** Tika、Solr和Lucene都是Apache Software Foundation（ASF）维护的开源项目。Solr是一个基于Lucene的搜索引擎，而Lucene是一个高性能的搜索引擎库。Tika可以与Solr和Lucene集成，实现文档和数据的自动索引和搜索。 **Tika in Action的作者和出版信息** Tika in Action的作者是Chris A. Mattmann和Jukka L. Zitting，出版商是Manning Publications Co..该书籍是Tika的权威参考书籍，面向所有需要了解Tika的开发者和使用者。 **Tika in Action的内容概览** Tika in Action的内容包括Tika的基本概念、架构、应用场景、与Solr和Lucene的集成等方面的详细介绍。该书籍还提供了大量的示例代码和实践经验，帮助读者快速掌握Tika的使用和开发。

foreword

I’m a big fan of search engines and Java, so early in the year 2004 I was looking for a

good Java-based open source project on search engines. I quickly discovered Nutch.

Nutch is an open source search engine project from the Apache Software Foundation.

It was initiated by Doug Cutting, the well-known father of Lucene.

With my new toy on my laptop, I tested and tried to evaluate it. Even if Nutch was

in its early stages, it was a promising project—exactly what I was looking for. I pro-

posed my first patches to Nutch relating to language identification in early 2005.

Then, in the middle of 2005 I become a Nutch committer and increased my number

of contributions relating to language identification, content-type guessing, and docu-

ment analysis. Looking more deeply at Lucene, I discovered a wide set of projects

around it: Nutch, Solr, and what would eventually become Mahout. Lucene provides

its own analysis tools, as do Nutch and Solr, and each one employs some “proprietary”

interfaces to deal with analysis engines.

So I consulted with Chris Mattmann, another Nutch committer with whom I had

worked, about the potential for refactoring all these disparate tools in a common and

standardized project. The concept of Tika was born.

Chris began to advocate for Tika as a standalone project in 2006. Then Jukka

Zitting came into the picture and took the lead on the Tika project; after a lot of refac-

toring and enhancements, Tika became a Lucene top-level project.

At that point in time, Tika was being used in Nutch, Droids (an Incubator project

that you’ll hear about in chapter 10), and many non-Lucene projects—the activity on

Tika mailing lists was indicative of this. The next promising steps for the project

involved plugging Tika into top-level Lucene projects, such as Lucene itself or Solr.

FOREWORDxvi

That amounted to a big challenge, as it required Tika to provide a flexible and robust

set of interfaces that could be used in any programming context where metadata anal-

ysis was needed.

Luckily, Tika got there. With this book, written by Tika’s two main creators and

maintainers, Chris and Jukka, you’ll understand the problems of document analysis

and document information extraction. They first explain to the reader why develop-

ers have such a need for Tika. Today, content handling and analysis are basic building

blocks of all major modern services: search engines, content management systems,

data mining, and other areas.

If you’re a software developer, you’ve no doubt needed, on many occasions, to

guess the encoding, formatting, and language of a file, and then to extract its meta-

data (title, author, and so on) and content. And you’ve probably noticed that this is a

pain. That’s what Tika does for you. It provides a robust toolkit to easily handle any data

format and to simplify this painful process.

Chris and Jukka explain many details and examples of the Tika API and toolkit,

including the Tika command-line interface and its graphical user interface (GUI) that

you can use to extract information about any type of file handled by Tika. They show

how you can use the Tika Application Programming Interface (API) to integrate Tika

commodities directly with your own projects. You’ll discover that Tika is both simple

to use and powerful. Tika has been carefully designed by Chris and Jukka and, despite

the internal complexity of this type of library, Tika’s API and tools are simple and easy

to understand and to use.

Finally, Chris and Jukka show many real-life uses cases of Tika. The most noticeable

real-life projects are Tika powering the NASA Science Data Systems, Tika curating can-

cer research data at the National Cancer Institute’s Early Detection Research Net-

work, and the use of Tika for content management within the Apache Jackrabbit

project. Tika is already used in many projects.

I’m proud to have helped launch Tika. And I’m extremely grateful to Chris and

Jukka for bringing Tika to this level and knowing that the long nights I spent writing

code for automatic language identification for the MIME type repository weren’t in

vain. To now make (even) a small contribution, for example, to assist in research in

the fight against cancer, goes straight to my heart.

Thank you both for all your work, and thank you for this book.

JÉRÔME CHARRON

CHIEF TECHNICAL OFFICER

WEBPULSE

PREFACExviii

It wasn’t as simple as we thought. After getting little interest from the broader

Lucene community (Nutch was a Lucene subproject and thus the project we were pro-

posing had to go through the Lucene PMC), and with Jérôme and I both taking on

further responsibility that took time away from direct Nutch development, what would

eventually be known as Tika began to fizzle away.

That’s where the other author of this book comes in. Jukka Zitting, bless him, was

keenly interested in a technology, separate from the behemoth Nutch codebase, that

would perform the types of things that we had carved off as Tika core capabilities:

parsing, text extraction, metadata extraction, MIME detection, and more. Jukka was a

seasoned Apache veteran, so he knew what to do. Jukka became a real leader of the

original Tika proposal, took it to the Apache Incubator, and helped turn Tika into a

real Apache project.

After working with Jukka for a year or so in the Incubator community, we took our

show on the road back to Lucene as a subproject when Tika graduated. Over a period

of two years, we made seven Tika releases, infected several popular Apache projects

(including Lucene, Solr, Nutch, and Jackrabbit), and gained enough critical mass to

grow into a full-fledged Apache Top Level Project (TLP).

But we weren’t done there. I don’t remember the exact time during the Christmas

season in 2009 when I decided it was time to write a book, but it matters little. When I

get an idea in my head, it’s hard to get it out. This book was happening. Tika in Action

was happening. I approached Jukka and asked him how he felt. In characteristic fash-

ion, he was up for the challenge.

We sure didn’t know what we were getting ourselves into! We didn’t know that the

rabbit hole went this deep. That said, I can safely say I don’t think we could’ve taken

any other path that would’ve been as fulfilling, exciting, and rewarding. We really put

our hearts and souls into creating this book. We sincerely hope you enjoy it. I think I

speak for both of us in saying, I know we did!

CHRIS MATTMANN

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