C#3.0设计模式入门指南：Judith Bishop 著

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《C# 3.0 设计模式》由 Judith Bishop 所著，是一本深入讲解 C# 3.0 语言中设计模式的专业书籍。该书针对 C# 开发者提供了全面而实用的指导，帮助读者理解和应用在软件开发中常见的设计策略，如工厂模式、观察者模式、单例模式等，从而提升代码的可维护性、扩展性和效率。C# 3.0 特有的新特性，如泛型、 LINQ 和 Lambda 表达式，也在书中得到了充分的阐述，确保读者能够紧跟语言的发展步伐。本书不仅包含了基础的设计模式概念，还融入了 C# 3.0 版本的最新特性和最佳实践。对于想要深入了解 C# 编程语言并掌握设计模式的人来说，这是一本不可或缺的参考书。同时，作为 O'Reilly 出版社的一部分，读者可以从 dotnet.oreilly.com 获取更多关于 .NET 技术的全面资料，包括样章和代码示例，这对于持续学习和提高技能非常有帮助。 ONDotnet.com 这个网站提供了对微软 .NET 技术的独立报道，覆盖基础、互操作性和新兴的 Web 服务技术，对于开发者来说，这是一个获取技术动态和解决方案的好去处。此外，O'Reilly & Associates 的会议和活动也是业界思想交流和技术创新的重要平台，定期举办的技术研讨会可以帮助开发者紧跟技术潮流。对于那些依赖快速查找和即时解答问题的程序员和 IT 专业人员，SafariBookshelf 是一个强大的在线参考资源库，它整合了超过1000本书籍，可以在短时间内找到答案，满足日常工作中遇到的各种技术需求。《C# 3.0 设计模式》是一本实用的指南，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益匪浅，它不仅是学习 C# 3.0 的重要参考，也是设计模式理论与实际应用相结合的佳作。通过阅读和实践书中的内容，开发者将能够提升自己的编程技巧，并在实际项目中灵活运用这些设计模式。

Preface2

Why I Wrote This Book

In 2002, Microsoft Research hosted an international meeting in Cambridge, U.K., to

reveal its Rotor system, which would bring C# and .NET to non-Windows program-

mers. Once back home, writing software, papers, and a book on the topic, I came to

realize that we had witnessed the beginning of a real revolution in programming.

Since the advent of Java in 1996, programming had become platform-independent:

with Java byte-code, programs could run anywhere. This independence, however,

extended only to programs written in the Java language. .NET, on the other hand,

was language-independent: it allowed programs in different languages to interact,

but, up until that day, only on Windows.

In the ensuing five years, new platforms have come to support .NET (Mono, for

example) and new hardware has come to support Intel chips (on which Windows

runs). The result is that .NET now runs almost anywhere. Consequently, expertise in

C# programming is a very transportable skill to acquire. But C# keeps improving as

a language, and we are currently at the beginning of a new leap forward into C# 3.0,

which offers enormous benefits in terms of productivity and ease of programming.

Having already written an introductory C# text in 2003,

I realized that the benefits

of the new features announced now in 2007, four years later, would be felt at a much

more advanced level of software development. I wanted to write a second book that

introduced C# 3.0 to developers who already knew the basic language—but what

would be the formula that could introduce a language and address a reader’s needs

of precision, examples, and a heavy dose of reality?

Enter design patterns. Design patterns encapsulate common, accepted, and proven

ways of using language features together. They form a level of discourse at a higher

plane, and they exercise and promote good programming practices. However, there

is an element of unreality surrounding design patterns, and one gets the impression

* Judith Bishop and Nigel Horspool, C# Concisely (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2003).

xvi

Preface

that they are more talked about than used. I wanted to change that and make design

patterns really accessible to ordinary programmers, using the best language for them:

C# 3.0. The result is this book.

Who This Book Is For

If you are a programmer who loves your code, for whom every line has a precise

meaning and every feature has a correct place, this book is for you. It will help you

with your primary job of making your code correct, elegant, extensible, and effi-

cient. If you serve the business ends of your organization by focusing on the quality

of your code, you need a book like C# 3.0 Design Patterns. Knowledge about design

patterns is also a big step forward for those working up from low-level programmers

to software engineers and architects.

Through reading this book, you will acquire skills in:

• Programming design patterns

• Basic UML modeling notation for representing patterns

• Selecting patterns appropriate for given scenarios and comparing alternative

implementations

• Using advanced language features of C# 3.0 to realize patterns efficiently and

elegantly

Although not written as a textbook, C# 3.0 Design Patterns could fit in very well for

a mid-degree course on design patterns or advanced programming.

The diagrams and code for all the patterns and associated examples and case studies

in this book can be found on the book’s web site, http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/

9780596527730.

What You Need to Know

This book is for programmers who know how to program in C# 1.0 or Java 1.4 and

who would like to move on to the more modern features of the latest language. All

the new features of C# 3.0, as well as many novel features from C# 2.0, are intro-

duced by example and summarized in sidebars for easy reference. Thus, the book

serves as a programmers’ guide as well.

The book does not assume any acquaintance with design patterns. It covers the full

set of 23 patterns that were originally proposed in Erich Gamma, Richard Helm,

Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides’s Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-

Oriented Software in 1994 and now form a common introductory base to the pat-

terns that are emerging in many other domains (such as security, concurrency, and

architectural design). At the end of the book, the reader will have a thorough

grounding in design patterns as they are commonly understood.

Preface

xvii

How This Book Is Organized

After the introduction in Chapter 1, the book takes a tour through the 23 core design

patterns. Each chapter discusses two or three patterns, chosen because they have

some common applicability and can be compared at the end of the chapter. The pat-

terns are subdivided into three groups: structural, creational, and behavioral.

We begin with the structural patterns, studying the Decorator, Proxy, and Bridge

patterns in Chapter 2; the Composite and Flyweight patterns in Chapter 3; and the

Adapter and Façade patterns in Chapter 4. We then move on to the creational pat-

terns, exploring the Prototype, Factory Method, and Singleton patterns in Chapter 5

and the Abstract Factory and Builder patterns in Chapter 6. The last four chapters

deal with the largest category, the behavioral patterns: Chapter 7 focuses on the

Strategy, State, and Template Method patterns; Chapter 8 on the Chain of Responsi-

bility and Command patterns; Chapter 9 on the Iterator, Mediator, and Observer

patterns; and Chapter 10 on the Visitor, Interpreter, and Memento patterns.

Our discussion of each pattern will consist of the following parts:

Role

A short, high-level description of the pattern and what it is meant to achieve

Illustration

An example of where the pattern might be used in programming a modern com-

puter system, illustrating a real-world context with a photo or diagram to help

you remember the pattern

Design

An identification of the interconnected players in the pattern and their roles,

explained in a UML diagram, with links back to the key players in the

illustration

Implementation

A stepwise refinement development of a short program that illustrates the pat-

tern using the terms introduced in the “Design” section

Example

A second program that gives an example of the pattern, usually in terms of the

illustrative example, where the programming moves away from a strict adher-

ence to the pattern terms

Use

A discussion of real-world scenarios where the pattern might be used, ending

with a table listing the conditions that would make its use applicable

Exercises

A list of exercises of differing degrees of difficulty designed to enhance your

understanding of the pattern under discussion

xviii

Preface

At the end of each chapter you will find a comparison of the patterns discussed

therein and a discussion of how they fit in with those that have gone before.

The ordering of the patterns has been carefully chosen so as to represent a gradual

progression in C# 3.0 maturity. Implementing the earlier patterns in each section

requires very little that is not available in C# 1.0, while the later patterns are more

sophisticated in their implementation and take advantage of more advanced features

present in C# 3.0. This approach allows new features to be introduced inline, as they

become relevant, rather than all at once at the start or end of the text.

This book is not intended to be a reference guide to the whole of C# or even C# 3.0,

but rather to be a practical guide to using the most interesting features of the lan-

guage. Although the emphasis is on developments in the most recent version, I also

pick out some features of C# 1.0 and 2.0 that I think are really useful but that are

not often employed in code. The list of C# features explicitly covered follows this

Preface.

Special features of this book include:

• Pictorial illustrations of patterns, to help you focus on the meaning of what each

pattern can accomplish in real life

• Quizzes that relate the illustrations to the UML diagrams

• Uncluttered “theory” code that can be adapted to many situations

• Tables that give guidance on when to choose a specific pattern

• Comparison tables for patterns that are similar, showing how they differ

• Lists of the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of each pattern

• Challenges and exercises to help you take your knowledge further

What You Need to Use This Book

To run the programs in this book, you need:

• A computer that will run Windows XP or Vista. Compatible platforms are any

PC or Intel-based Mac with a virtual machine.

• Microsoft’s .NET Framework 3.5. As of October 2007, this version is still in Beta

2, but it is very stable now. It is available at http://www.microsoft.com/downloads.

• A program editor or programming environment. Visual Studio 2008 is an ideal

companion to C# 3.0 programming, but it is not essential.

• The C# 3.0 reference documentation, available on the Microsoft web site (http://

msdn2.microsoft.com/vcsharp, 529 pages).

All the programs in this book were prepared on an iMac Intel Core 2 Duo running

Mac OS X 10.4 and 5 (Tiger and Leopard) and Windows XP on top of the Parallels

virtual machine. The editor used was SciTE.

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