Modeling of a selective solar absorber thin film structure based on
double TiN
x
O
y
layers for concentrated solar power applications
J. Zhang
a,
⇑
, T.P. Chen
a
, Y.C. Liu
b
, Z. Liu
c
, H.Y. Yang
d
a
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
b
Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore 638705, Singapore
c
School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
d
Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
article info
Article history:
Received 24 June 2016
Received in revised form 2 December 2016
Accepted 5 December 2016
Available online 20 December 2016
Keywords:
Titanium oxynitride
Selective solar absorber
Absorbance
Optical properties
abstract
By using double TiN
x
O
y
absorption layers with low N/O ratio (TiNO_L) and high N/O ratio (TiNO_H), a
spectral selective solar absorber (SSA) with the structure of SiO
2
-TiO
2
-TiNO_L-TiNO_H-Cu has been pro-
posed. Optical properties of the TiNO_L and TiNO_H layers are investigated with spectroscopic ellipsom-
etry (SE) in the wavelength range of 0.3–2.5
l
m using an optical dispersion model in which the
absorption mechanisms in TiN
x
O
y
including the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), free electron
absorption and interband transitions are taken into account. Because TiNO_H has a higher free electron
concentration than that of TiNO_L, the absorption due to both the LSPR and free electron absorption in
TiNO_H is found larger than that in TiNO_L. With the model parameters of the dispersion model obtained
from the SE modeling, the reflectance spectrum of the SSA in the wide wavelength range of 0.3–25
l
m
covering both the solar radiation and heat radiation of a hot surface has been simulated; and the simu-
lated result agrees well with the experimental result.
Ó 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
With the advantages of high energy storage density and high
power conversion efficiency, the concentrated solar power (CSP)
technology is growing rapidly as one of the most promising renew-
able energy technologies (Jelley and Smith, 2015; Zhu et al., 2015;
Tian and Zhao, 2013). By using solar energy collector (e.g. parabolic
trough, heliostat, dish, etc.), a CSP system concentrates the solar
radiation on the spectral selective solar absorber (SSA) to heat a
heat transfer fluid (HTF) (e.g. molten salt, oil, steam, etc.) to drive
conventional turbines that convert heat to electricity (Behar
et al., 2013). As an core component in the CSP system, the SSA,
which should have large solar absorbance in the wavelength range
of solar radiation and low thermal emittance in the long wave-
length range of heat radiation of a hot surface has been widely
studied in the last few decades (Selvakumar and Barshilia, 2012;
Cao et al., 2014).
A high-performance SSA is generally structured with three
functional coatings: anti-reflection coating (ARC), absorption layer,
and infrared reflector (Zhang et al., 1996; Nunes et al., 2003;
Wäckelgård et al., 2015). With high mechanical, chemical and ther-
mal stability, oxides and nitrides, such as SiO
2
, TiO
2
,Si
3
N
4
, and so
on, are usually selected to serve as ARC (Cao et al., 2014). Due to
high thermal conductivity and high infrared reflectance, Cu or Al
is utilized as the substrate in the low and middle temperature
SSA applications (Cao et al., 2014). As the critical part in SSA,
absorption-layer materials, such as metal-oxides composites (e.g.
Cr-Cr
2
O
3
(Teixeira et al., 2001), W-Al
2
O
3
(Antonaia et al., 2010),
Ni-NiO (Zhao et al., 2004)), transition metal nitrides (e.g. TiN
(Francois and Sigrist, 1982), TiAlN (Biswas et al., 2008), HfN
x
(Ribbing and Roos, 1997)), and transition metal oxynitrides (e.g.
TiN
x
O
y
(Lazarov et al., 1993; Chen et al., 2014), NbTiON (Liu
et al., 2012)) have been widely studied. With its extraordinary
optical properties, high hardness, good chemical and thermal sta-
bility (Chan and Lu, 2008; Cho et al., 2012), TiN
x
O
y
material is a
good candidate of solar absorption material. Furthermore, the
absorption property of TiN
x
O
y
can be tuned by changing the N/O
atomic ratio (Morozova et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2016). However,
because O
2
is much easier to react with metallic Ti as compared to
N
2
, it is hard to vary N/O ratios in the TiN
x
O
y
by reactive sputtering
of Ti target with the mixed gases of N
2
and O
2
(Rousselot and
Martin, 2001).
The common characteristic of these absorption-layer materials
is the composite structure consisting of dielectric materials
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.12.012
0038-092X/Ó 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
⇑
Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: jzhang037@e.ntu.edu.sg (J. Zhang), echentp@ntu.edu.sg (T.P.
Chen).
Solar Energy 142 (2017) 33–38
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Solar Energy
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/solener
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