基于DiffServ网络的流视频分发系统优化

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本文档主要探讨了一种面向DiffServ (DS)网络的流视频传输系统。DiffServ是一种基于策略的网络服务模型，它通过将流量划分为不同的优先级，以适应不同类型的应用需求并提供可预测的服务质量(QoS)。在这个名为"Delivery System for Streaming Video Over DiffServ Networks"的研究中，作者Lishui Chen和Guizhong Liu提出了一种创新的解决方案。在该系统中，应用层的编码器根据当前的配置和编码特性，对压缩的数据进行预标记，这种预标记体现了数据的重要性。这种预标记考虑了视频流的不同部分可能对实时性、清晰度等服务质量参数的需求差异。预标记的目的是为了确保关键的视频内容能够获得更高的带宽保障。预标记被映射到实时传输协议层的固定数量的源标记上，这一步骤有助于在多条路径上传输时，路由器能够理解和处理这些差异化服务代码点(DSCP)。边缘路由器根据网络当前的拥塞状态，利用改进的两速率三颜色标记器(Improved Two Rate Three Color Marker, ITRTCM)技术，动态地调整源标记，从而更有效地分配带宽资源。核心路由器则根据每跳转发行为来传输这些带有源标记的分组，确保了在多节点传输过程中，高优先级的视频流能够优先处理，避免了可能的丢包或延迟，从而显著提升了流媒体应用的端到端交付质量。实验结果显示，这种预标记和映射机制能够在DS网络环境中显著提高视频流的观看体验，对于实时性和稳定性要求高的视频服务来说，具有很高的实用价值。因此，本文的研究不仅为DiffServ网络中的视频流媒体传输提供了一个有效的优化方案，还展示了如何通过智能预标记和QoS管理来提升多媒体服务的质量。

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 20, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2010 1255

Transactions Letters

A Delivery System for Streaming Video Over DiffServ Networks

Lishui Chen and Guizhong Liu

Abstract—In this letter, we develop a general delivery system

for streaming using various coding standards over DiffServ (DS)

networks. In the delivery system, the coder at the application

layer pre-marks the compressed data according to their impor-

tance in terms of the current conﬁguration and characteristics

of the coder. Then the system maps these pre-marks to a ﬁxed

number of source marks at the real-time transport protocol layer.

In terms of the current network congestion state, the edge router

of a DS network uses the improved two rate three color maker

to map these source marks to differentiated services code points.

At last, the core routers transmit these packets according to the

per-hop forwarding behaviors. Experimental results show that

this system can greatly improve the end-to-end delivery quality

of a streaming application.

Index Terms—DiffServ (DS) networks, improved two rate three

color maker (ITRTCM), pre-marking, QoS, two markers system.

I. Introduction

With the rapid development of multimedia applications over

the Internet, such as distant learning, video conference, voice

over Internet protocol, video on demand (VoD), and so on,

new broadband technologies have been developed extensively

in these years. But with the fast increase of network users,

especially the multimedia users, the issue of bandwidth lack is

still a major problem in streaming applications. So, the Internet

Engineering Task Force has been proposed the integrated

services (IntServ) [1] and the differentiated services (DiffServ)

[2] to provide end-to-end quality of service (QoS). DiffServ

(DS) network is more attractive for its simplicity and scalabil-

ity because it never provides signaled QoS for individual ﬂows

as IntServ, but provides static QoS to trafﬁc aggregation.

In order to use the DS architecture in a better way, a

lot of researchers have proposed media-aware application-

level marking schemes, which mark the packets according

to their importance measured in terms of some special rules

and map these source marks to differentiated services code

Manuscript received August 12, 2008; revised January 15, 2009 and July

31, 2009. Date of publication July 12, 2010; date of current version September

9, 2010. This work was supported in part by the National 863 Program

under Project 2009AA01Z409, by the National 973 Project under Project

2007CB311002, and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(NSFC) under Project 60972066. This paper was recommended by Associate

Editor T. Nguyen.

The authors are with the School of Electronic and Information Engi-

neering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China (e-mail:

liugz@xjtu.edu.cn; chenls@mail.xjtu.edu.cn).

Color versions of one or more of the ﬁgures in this paper are available

online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.

Digital Object Identiﬁer 10.1109/TCSVT.2010.2056970

points (DSCPs) [3], [4]. However, as in [6], there is no

policing algorithm involved at the DS domain edge to check

the packets’ importance, and the importance indication of a

packet may be disregarded if legacy packet markers, such as

two rate three color marker (TRTCM), is used [5]. Then two

markers delivery system are proposed in [6]–[8] with a source

marker at the application layer to pre-mark the video packets

to certain source marks and a special edge router marker to

mark the packets at the DS edge according to the current

network congestion state. However, there exist various video

coders, with different characteristics having great impact on

the importance of their compressed data. And the network is

a shared medium, in which it is very difﬁcult to design one

particular edge router marker for each coder. So, in this letter,

we will propose a general two markers delivery system for

streaming applications, which pre-marks importance indices

of compressed data at coding in the application layer, maps

those importance indices to different source marks according

to a simple rule, and marks those packets to DSCPs using

improved two rate three color maker (ITRTCM) at the DS

domain edge in terms of the current network condition. In

this system, streaming applications run over real-time transport

protocol (RTP) and all those packets having extended RTP

headers record the source marks of the video packets. At last,

the core routers in the DS domains deliver those packets to

the egress routers on the paths of video packets according

to per-hop forwarding behaviors corresponding to their drop

precedence. After several hops of DS domains, delivery of

those video packets at last arrive at their destination.

The remainder of this letter is organized as follows. The

delivery system is presented in Section II, which involves two

examples of pre-marking scheme, the uniform source-marking

scheme, and ITRTCM. The simulation and its experimental

results are presented and discussed in Section III. A brief

conclusion is given in Section IV.

II. General Two Markers Delivery System

A. General Source Marking Scheme

The general source marking scheme consists of two steps.

First, when coding a video sequence (VS) with a special coder,

we should measure the importance of a block of data to be

compressed and pre-mark it with one of the K importance

grades in accordance with the coder used. Second, we should

map the K importance grades to L marks and L will be used

1051-8215/$26.00

 2010 IEEE

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