Force.com Apex Code Developer's Guide - Version 18.0

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该资源主要涉及的是Force.com平台上的Apex编程语言的开发者指南，版本为18.0，即Spring'10更新。文档由salesforce.com, inc.版权所有，并提到了其他可能的商标信息。在Force.com平台上，Apex是一种托管的、面向对象的编程语言，设计用于扩展Salesforce的功能。Apex允许开发人员创建自定义业务逻辑，处理数据，以及实现复杂的流程控制。以下是Apex的一些关键概念和特性： 1. **Apex是什么？** - Apex是Salesforce平台上的一个服务器端编程语言，它允许开发人员编写控制Salesforce数据和事件的代码，如触发器、类和批处理作业。 2. **Apex如何工作？** - Apex代码在Salesforce的多租户环境中运行，与数据库交互并响应用户操作、Web服务调用或其他系统事件。 3. **Apex开发过程** - 开发过程包括编写、测试、调试和部署Apex代码，通常通过Salesforce的开发工具如Developer Console或Visual Studio Code进行。 4. **何时使用Apex？** - 当标准Salesforce功能无法满足特定业务需求时，例如自定义逻辑、数据验证、异步处理或与其他系统的集成，开发者会使用Apex。 5. **Apex的限制** - Apex有执行时间和资源的限制，包括DML操作的数量、CPU时间、堆栈深度等，以确保平台的性能和稳定性。 6. **新特性** - 文档中的"新特性"章节可能介绍了Spring'10版本中Apex的最新改进和添加的功能。 7. **Apex Quick Start** - 这可能是引导开发者快速入门Apex的教程，包括基本语法和示例。 8. **文档的类型排版约定** - 提供了文档中使用的各种符号和样式说明，帮助读者理解文档结构。 9. **理解Apex核心概念** - 包括数据类型（如基本类型、sObject类型和集合）、枚举、转换规则、变量、大小写敏感性、常量、表达式、运算符优先级等。 10. **编写第一个Apex脚本** - 指导开发者如何编写并运行简单的Apex代码，可能包括实例化对象、执行DML操作或响应事件。 11. **语言构造** - 详细介绍了Apex中的各种语言元素，如数据类型（包括基本类型和sObject类型）、集合（如List和Map）、枚举、变量、常量、表达式、注释、赋值语句以及条件语句（如If-Else）。这些内容为开发者提供了全面的Apex编程基础，让他们能够有效地在Force.com平台上构建和维护定制的应用程序。

•

Create temporary ﬁles

•

Spawn threads

Tip:

All Apex scripts run on the Force.com platform, which is a shared resource used by all other organizations.To guarantee

consistent performance and scalability, the execution of Apex is bound by governor limits that ensure no single Apex

execution impacts the overall service of Salesforce.com. This means each Apex script is limited by the number of

operations (such as DML or SOQL) that it can perform within one transaction.

All Apex trigger requests return a collection that contains from 1 to 1000 records. You cannot assume that your code

only works on a single record at a time.Therefore, you must implement programming patterns that take bulk processing

into account. If you do not, you may run into the governor limits.

See Also:

Understanding Execution Governors and Limits

Apex Design Patterns

What's New?

Review the Winter '10 Release Notes for a summary of new and changed Apex features in the Winter '10 release.

Apex Quick Start

Once you have a Developer Edition organization and have chosen which tool you want to use to write your Apex scripts, you

will want to learn some of the core concepts of Apex. Because Apex is very similar to Java, you may recognize much of the

functionality.

After reviewing the basics, you are ready to write your ﬁrst Apex program—a very simple “Hello World” script. After you

write the script you can expand it, with unit tests.

In addition, there is a more complex shipping invoice example that you can also walk through. This example illustrates many

more features of the language.

Note: The Hello World script and the shipping invoice example require custom ﬁelds and objects. You can either

create these on your own, or download the objects, ﬁelds and Apex scripts as a managed packaged from Force.com

AppExchange. For more information, see wiki.apexdevnet.com/index.php/Documentation.

Documentation Typographical Conventions

Apex and Visualforce documentation uses the following typographical conventions.

DescriptionConvention

In descriptions of syntax, monospace font indicates items that you should type as shown,

except for brackets. For example:

Public class HelloWorld

Courier font

Introducing Force.com Apex Code What's New?

For more information about using version settings with managed packages, see “What is a Package Version?” in the

Salesforce.com online help.

Naming Variables, Methods and Classes

You cannot use any of the Apex reserved keywords when naming variables, methods or classes. These include words that are

part of Apex and the Force.com platform, such as list, test, or account, as well as reserved keywords.

Using Variables and Expressions

Apex is a strongly-typed language, that is, you must declare the data type of a variable when you ﬁrst refer to it. Apex data types

include basic types such as Integer, Date, and Boolean, as well as more advanced types such as lists, maps, objects and sObjects.

Variables are declared with a name and a data type. You can assign a value to a variable when you declare it. You can also

assign values later. Use the following syntax when declaring variables:

datatype variable_name [ = value];

Tip: Note that the semi-colon at the end of the above is not optional. You must end all statements with a semi-colon.

The following are examples of variable declarations:

// The following variable has the data type of Integer with the name Count,

// and has the value of 0.

Integer Count = 0;

// The following variable has the data type of Decimal with the name Total. Note

// that no value has been assigned to it.

Decimal Total;

// The following variable is an account, which is also referred to as an sObject.

Account MyAcct = new Account();

Also note that all primitive variables are passed by value, while all non-primitive data types are passed by reference.

Using Statements

A statement is any coded instruction that performs an action.

In Apex, statements must end with a semicolon and can be one of the following types:

•

Assignment, such as assigning a value to a variable

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Conditional (if-else)

•

Loops

- Do-while

- While

- For

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Locking

•

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

•

Transaction Control

•

Method Invoking

•

Exception Handling

Introducing Force.com Apex Code Understanding Apex Core Concepts

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