Essential ASP.NET Web Forms 开发全栈指南

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"Essential ASP.NET Web Forms Development" 是一本关于使用C#、SQL、Ajax和JavaScript进行全栈编程的专业书籍，作者是Robert E. Beasley。本书深入探讨了ASP.NET Web Forms开发的关键概念和技术。在ASP.NET Web Forms开发中，核心知识点包括： 1. **ASP.NET框架**：ASP.NET是由微软提供的一个用于构建Web应用程序的开源框架，它允许开发者使用.NET Framework和C#等语言来创建动态网站、Web服务和Web应用程序。Web Forms是ASP.NET的一种编程模型，它提供了一种事件驱动的编程方式，类似于桌面应用程序开发。 2. **C#编程**：C#是.NET Framework的主要编程语言，用于编写ASP.NET Web Forms应用。C#支持面向对象编程，具有丰富的特性和语法，如类、接口、继承、多态以及Lambda表达式等，使得开发更高效。 3. **SQL数据库**：SQL（Structured Query Language）用于管理关系型数据库，如Microsoft SQL Server。在Web Forms中，SQL常用于存储和检索数据，例如通过ADO.NET库与数据库进行交互，实现CRUD（Create、Read、Update、Delete）操作。 4. **Ajax技术**：Asynchronous JavaScript and XML（Ajax）是一种用于创建快速、动态网页的技术，它允许部分网页更新而无需重新加载整个页面。在ASP.NET Web Forms中，可以使用AjaxControlToolkit或jQuery AJAX库来实现异步交互，提升用户体验。 5. **JavaScript**：JavaScript是Web开发中的客户端脚本语言，用于增强用户的交互体验。在Web Forms中，JavaScript可以与服务器端的C#代码协同工作，实现验证、动态内容加载、表单处理等功能。 6. **Web控件**：ASP.NET Web Forms提供了丰富的内置控件，如Button、TextBox、GridView等，这些控件可以直接在HTML标记中声明，并在服务器端处理事件。 7. **生命周期和事件处理**：理解Web Forms的生命周期至关重要，它包括初始化、加载、验证、呈现和卸载等阶段。每个阶段都有相应的事件可以捕获，开发者可以在此过程中添加自定义逻辑。 8. **状态管理**：Web Forms中提供了多种状态管理机制，如ViewState、Session和Cookie，用于在页面之间保留数据，尤其是在用户导航时。 9. **部署和配置**：学习如何将ASP.NET Web Forms应用部署到IIS（Internet Information Services）服务器，并进行必要的配置，是实际开发过程中的重要环节。 10. **错误处理和调试**：了解如何使用Visual Studio进行调试，以及如何设置和处理异常，是确保应用程序稳定运行的关键。 "Essential ASP.NET Web Forms Development"这本书将帮助读者掌握使用这些技术构建高效、健壮的全栈Web应用程序的技能。通过学习和实践书中的示例，开发者能够提升在ASP.NET Web Forms领域的专业能力。

xix

Preface

Audience

This book was written for anyone interested in learning the ASP.NET Web Forms,

C#.NET, SQL, Ajax, and JavaScript Web application development stack, including

novice software developers, professional software developers, and college or university

students enrolled in a one-semester course or two-semester sequence of courses in Web

application development.

Organization

This book helps you become a pro in one of the most effective and widely used

technology stacks for developing highly interactive, professional-grade, database-driven

Web applications—ASP.NET Web Forms, C#.NET, SQL, Ajax, and JavaScript. It takes

you from beginner to pro in no time. In Part 1, you become familiar with some of the

major concepts, methodologies, and technologies associated with .NET Web application

development. In this part, you learn about the client-server model, the .NET Framework,

the ASP.NET and C# programming languages, and the Visual Studio integrated

development environment. In Part 2, you learn how to develop a single-page .NET

Web application. In this part, you learn how to create a page and add server and data

validation controls to it. The concepts in this part of the book lay the foundation required

for learning the C# programming language in the context of an ASP.NET Web application.

In Part 3, you learn how to program in the C# programming language. In this part, you

learn how to perform assignment operations, conversion operations, control operations,

string operations, arithmetic operations, date and time operations, array operations,

collection operations, and file system operations, as well as create custom C# classes—in

the context of a .NET Web application. In Part 4, you learn how to develop a multiple-

page .NET Web application. In this part, you learn how to maintain state between pages

and create master pages, themes, and navigation controls. In Part 5, you learn how to

connect a .NET Web application to a SQL Server database. In this part, you learn to read

a database schema, program in the SQL programming language, utilize data binding,

R. E. Beasley, Essential ASP.NET Web Forms Development, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5784-5_1

CHAPTER 1

Web Application

Development

1.1 Introduction

The concept of hypermedia (i.e., the combination of hypertext and media) was first

envisioned in 1945 by American engineer, inventor, and science administrator Vannevar

Bush. However, it wasn’t until much later that the technology required to support such a

concept was mature enough to make hypermedia something most of us take for granted today.

In 1969, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) became the

first computer network to implement packet switching using the Transmission Control

Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite—the protocol suite that forms the technical

foundation of the Internet today. Packet switching is a method of data transmission

that requires three basic steps to get data (e.g., remote computer screens, files, email

messages, Web pages) from one computer on a network to another. First, at its origin, the

data to be transmitted is separated into a sequenced set of relatively small parts called

packets. Second, the packets are transmitted independently from their origin to their

final destination over routes that have been determined to be optimal for each packet.

And third, after all the packets have made their way to their final destination, the data is

reassembled from its packets. Early TCP/IP Application Layer protocols included Telnet

for logging in to remote computers, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for transmitting files

from one computer to another, and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for sending

email messages. These protocols are still in heavy use today.

Although the Internet was alive, well, and growing from the late 1960s through the late

1980s, there was no World Wide Web (a.k.a., Web). However, this was about to change.

In 1989, development of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) was initiated by English

scientist Tim Berners-Lee at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (a.k.a., CERN)

in Meyrin, Switzerland—a suburb of Geneva. This protocol was to become the standard for

governing the communication between distributed hypermedia systems. With the definition

of the first official version of HTTP in 1991, the Web, the hypermedia part of the Internet, was

born, and HTTP became another TCP/IP Application Layer protocol like its predecessors

Telnet, FTP, and SMTP.Shortly thereafter, Berners-Lee created the very first Web browser.

This browser became available to other researchers in January 1991 and was released to the

public in August 1991.

Early on, the Web was simply a large collection of static Web pages. These pages

did little more than display formatted text and visual media (i.e., images, graphics,

animations, videos) and permit us to download files and play audio recordings. Today,

however, the Web is a massive collection of both static and dynamic Web pages. And

thanks to programming languages like ASP.NET, dynamic Web pages can do much more

than static Web pages can. In addition to the things static Web pages allow us to do,

dynamic Web pages allow us to interact with the items displayed on a Web page. They

also permit us to do things like edit the data on a page, check the data for errors, and save

the data to a database.

In this chapter, we will begin by looking at the client-server model, which is a

computing approach that distributes processing between servers and clients. Next, we

will introduce the .NET Framework. The .NET Framework is Microsoft’s Windows-based

software development and execution framework. Then, we will discuss ASP.NET and

C# programming. ASP.NET is a software development framework that includes all of

the classes necessary for building modern, sophisticated Web applications, and C# is

a general-purpose programming language for building a variety of application types,

including Web applications and Windows applications. After that, we will look at Visual

Studio, which is Microsoft’s flagship integrated development environment (IDE). This

development environment permits us to code and test in several different programming

languages via a consistent user interface. And finally, we will learn how to start a new

ASP.NET Web Application project.

1.2 Client-Server Model

The client-server model is a computing approach that distributes processing between

a server (i.e., the provider of a resource, service, or application) and its clients (i.e.,

the users of a resource, service, or application). A server is composed of a server host,

which is a physical computing device connected to a network, and a server application,

which is a software program that manages multiple, simultaneous client access to the

Chapter 1 Web appliCation Development

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