Docker入门教程:从基础到实践

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"docker_practice.pdf 是一份针对 Docker 的新手教程,内容全面,适用于入门学习。教程涵盖了Docker的基本概念、安装方法、镜像管理、容器操作、Dockerfile指令详解以及仓库的使用等,旨在帮助读者理解Docker并进行实践操作。" 在Docker的世界里,"什么是Docker"这一部分将解释Docker作为一个开源的应用容器引擎,它允许开发者打包他们的应用及其依赖包到一个可移植的容器中,然后发布到任何流行的Linux或Windows机器上,也可实现虚拟化。这极大地提高了开发的便捷性和可移植性。 "为什么要用Docker"则会讨论Docker带来的优势,例如,通过轻量级的隔离机制,Docker容器比传统的虚拟机更加高效;同时,Docker使得软件部署标准化,提高了开发-测试-生产的流程一致性,促进了DevOps文化的发展。 在"基本概念"章节,你会了解到"镜像"是创建容器的基础,它们是只读的模板,可以通过Dockerfile来创建。"容器"则是镜像的运行时实例,具有自己的文件系统、网络设备和资源限制。"仓库"则类似于Git中的代码仓库,是存储和分发镜像的地方,如Docker Hub提供公共和私有仓库服务。 "安装Docker"部分会指导读者如何在各种操作系统(如Ubuntu、Debian、Fedora、CentOS、Raspberry Pi、macOS和Windows)上安装Docker,还提到了"镜像加速器",这对于在中国的用户来说,可以提高下载Docker镜像的速度。 "使用Dockerfile定制镜像"是Docker实践中常用的一个环节,Dockerfile是一系列构建镜像的指令集合,如`COPY`用于复制文件,`CMD`定义容器启动时的默认命令,`ENTRYPOINT`设置容器的入口点,`ENV`用于设置环境变量,`ARG`是在构建过程中传递的参数,`VOLUME`定义数据卷,`EXPOSE`暴露对外服务端口,`WORKDIR`指定工作目录,`USER`设定运行容器的用户,`HEALTHCHECK`定义健康检查,而`ONBUILD`则用于在Dockerfile中设置后续构建的触发器。 "操作容器"章节会涵盖如何启动、停止、进入容器以及如何导出和导入容器,这些都是日常使用Docker时的基本操作。而"访问仓库"则讲解了如何与Docker Hub这样的公共仓库交互,以及如何配置私有仓库,如Nexus3,以满足企业内部的镜像管理和安全需求。 这份教程内容详实,覆盖了Docker从基础到进阶的多个方面,对于初学者来说,是一份极好的学习资料。
2018-04-04 上传
In September 2013, while browsing Hacker News, I stumbled across an article in Wired about a new technology called “Docker.” 1 As I read it, I became increasingly excited as I realized Docker’s revolutionary potential. The company I’d worked at for over a decade was struggling to deliver software quickly enough. Provisioning environments was a costly, time-consuming, manual, and inelegant affair. Continuous integration was barely existent, and setting up devel- opment environments was an exercise in patience. As my job title included the words “DevOps Manager,” I was peculiarly motivated to solve these problems! I recruited a couple of motivated coworkers (one of them now my coauthor) via a company mailing list, and together our skunkworks team labored to turn a beta tool into a business advantage, reducing the high costs of VM s and enabling new ways of thinking about building and deploying software. We even built and open sourced an automation tool (ShutIt) to suit our organization’s delivery needs. Docker gave us a packaged and maintained tool that solved many problems that would have been effectively insuperable had we taken it upon ourselves to solve them. This was open source at its best, empowering us to take on a challenge using our spare time, overcoming technical debt, and learning lessons daily. Lessons not only about Docker, but about continuous integration, continuous delivery, packaging, automa- tion, and how people respond to speedy and disruptive technological change. 1 http://www.wired.com/2013/09/docker/ PREFACE xviii For us, Docker is a remarkably broad tool. Wherever you run software using Linux, Docker can impact it. This makes writing a book on the subject challenging, because the landscape is as broad as software itself. The task is made more onerous by the extraordinary rate at which the Docker ecosystem is producing solutions to meet the needs that emerge from such a fundamental change in software production. Over time, the shape of problems and solutions became familiar to us, and in this book we’ve endeavored to pass on this experience. This will enable you to figure out solu- tions to your particular technical and business constraints. When giving talks at meetups, we’re struck by how quickly Docker has become effective within organizations willing to embrace it. This book mirrors how we used Docker, going from our desktops, through the DevOps pipeline, and all the way to production. As a consequence, this book is sometimes unorthodox, but as engineers we believe that purity must sometimes give way to practicality, especially when it comes to saving money! Everything in this book is based on real lessons from the field, and we hope you benefit from our hard-won experience.