Xen Hypervisor权威指南：2007年实用开源开发实例

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《Xen Hypervisor权威指南》是2007年11月发布的一本专业书籍，属于Prentice Hall开源软件开发系列的一部分。该系列旨在为读者提供最优秀的开源技术，不仅教授如何在项目中应用这些技术，还通过展示真实世界应用程序的代码，传授开源开发者的世界级最佳实践。 Xen Hypervisor 是一种知名的虚拟化技术，它允许在单一物理硬件上运行多个独立的操作系统（称为客体系统或guest OS）的同时，保持它们之间的隔离。这与传统的单任务操作系统不同，Xen 提供了更高效的资源管理和灵活的计算环境，特别适用于云计算、数据中心和虚拟化部署。本书由 David Chisnall 编写，提供了详尽的指导，涵盖了Xen Hypervisor 的原理、安装、配置、管理和安全性等方面。读者可以借此深入理解虚拟机管理程序（Hypervisor）的工作机制，学习如何创建、管理和优化虚拟机，以及如何在虚拟环境中实现负载均衡和资源分配。作为系列的一部分，这个指南借鉴了开源社区的实际项目案例，例如使用Perl、Python和PHP等语言编写的代码，展示了在多种系统环境下（包括专有系统、Linux、传统UNIX和大型机）的运用。通过阅读这本书，开发者不仅能掌握Xen Hypervisor 的技术细节，还能了解到如何将这些技术融入到实际项目中，并从中吸取经验教训，提升自己的编程和项目管理技能。此外，系列中的其他著作如《Linux® Debugging and Performance Tuning》和《Understanding AJAX》也体现了系列的广泛性，分别关注于Linux系统的调试和性能优化，以及基于JavaScript的异步Web技术的深入理解。整体而言，《The Definitive Guide to the Xen Hypervisor》为想要探索和利用虚拟化技术的读者提供了一个全面且实用的学习资源。

Foreword

With the recent release of Xen 3.1 the Xen community has delivered the world’s

most advanced hypervisor, which serves as an open source industry standard for

virtualization. The Xen community beneﬁts from the support of over 20 of the

world’s leading IT vendors, contributions from vendors and research groups world-

wide, and is the driving force of innovation in virtualization in the industry.

The continued growth and excellence of Xen is a vindication of the project’s

component strategy. Rather than developing a complete open source product, the

project endorses an integrated approach whereby the Xen hypervisor is included as

the virtualization “engine” in multiple products and projects. For example, Xen

is delivered as an integrated hypervisor with many operating systems, including

Linux, Solaris, and BSD, and is also packaged as virtualizaton platforms such as

XenSource’s XenEnterprise. This allows Xen to serve many diﬀerent use cases

and customer needs for virtualization.

Xen supports a wide range of architectures, from super-computer systems with

thousands of Intel Itanium CPUs, to Power PC and industry standard x86 servers

and clients, and even ARM-9 based PDAs. The project’s cross-architecture, multi-

OS approach to virtualization is another of its key strengths, and has enabled it to

inﬂuence the design of proprietary products, including the forthcoming Microsoft

Windows Hypervisor, and beneﬁt from hardware-assisted virtualization technolo-

gies from CPU, chipset, and fabric vendors. The project also works actively in

the DMTF, to develop industry standard management frameworks for virtualized

systems.

The continued success of the Xen hypervisor depends substantially on the

development of a highly skilled community of developers who can both contribute

to the project and use the technology within their own products. To date, other

than the community’s limited documentation, and a steep learning curve for the

uninitiated, Xen has retained a mystique that is unmistakably “cool” but not

scalable. While there are books explaining how to use Xen in the context of

particular vendors’ products, there is a huge need for a deﬁnitive technical insider’s

guide to the Xen hypervisor itself. Continuing the “engine” analogy, there are

books available for “cars” that integrate Xen, but no manuals on how to ﬁx the

Preface xix

http://www.prenhallprofessional.com/title/9780132349710.

Output from command-line interaction is shown in the following way:

$ gcc hello.c

$ ./a.out

Hello World!

A $ prompt indicates commands that can be run as any user, while a # is used

to indicate that root access is likely to be required.

Use as a Text

In addition to the traditional uses for hypervisors, Xen makes an excellent teaching

tool. Early versions of Xen only supported paravirtualized guests, and newer ones

continue to support these in addition to unmodiﬁed guests. The architecture

exposed by the hypervisor to paravirtualized guests is very similar to x86, but

diﬀers in a number of ways. Driver support is considerably easier, with a single

abstract device being exposed for each device category, for example. In spite of

this, a number of things are very similar. A guest operating system must handle

interrupts (or their virtual equivalent), manage page tables, schedule running

tasks, etc.

This makes Xen an excellent platform for development of new operating sys-

tems. Unlike a number of simple emulated systems, a guest running atop Xen

can achieve performance within 10% that of the native host. The simple device

interfaces make it easy for Xen guests to support devices, without having to worry

about the multitude of peripherals available for real machines.

The similarity to real hardware makes Xen an ideal platform for teaching op-

erating systems concepts. Writing a simple kernel that runs atop Xen is a signiﬁ-

cantly easier task than writing one that runs on real hardware, and signiﬁcantly

more rewarding than writing one that runs in a simpliﬁed machine emulator.

An operating systems course should use this text in addition to a text on

general operating systems principles to provide the platform-speciﬁc knowledge

required for students to implement their own kernels.

Xen is also a good example of a successful, modern, microkernel (although it

does more in kernelspace than many microkernels), making it a good example for

contrasting with popular monolithic systems.

Acknowledgments

First, I have to thank Mark Taub for the opportunity to write this book. Since

ﬁrst contacting Mark in 2002, he has given me the opportunity to work on several

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