IEEE 802.11-2016标准：无线局域网MAC与PHY层规范
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收藏 36.26MB PDF 举报 “802.11-2016.pdf”是关于无线局域网（WLAN）介质访问控制（MAC）和物理层（PHY）规范的文档，由IEEE LAN/MAN标准委员会赞助，主要涉及信息技术、电信和系统间的信息交换，是IEEE 802.11标准的2016年修订版。
正文：
IEEE 802.11标准是无线局域网（WLAN）技术的基础，它定义了无线设备如何在共享介质上通信，包括介质访问控制（MAC）层和物理（PHY）层的规范。2016年的版本是对2012年版本的更新，旨在提升性能、增强安全性和适应新技术的发展。
1. 介质访问控制（MAC）层：
MAC层是网络协议栈的一部分，负责管理无线网络上的数据传输，确保多个设备能公平地共享无线信道。802.11标准中的MAC层规定了各种机制，如载波侦听多路访问/冲突避免（CSMA/CA），用于防止多个设备同时发送数据导致的冲突。此外，它还包括认证、关联、漫游和QoS（服务质量）等功能。
2. 物理层（PHY）：
PHY层处理无线信号的传输和接收，包括调制、编码和解码等。802.11-2016标准涵盖了多种PHY技术，如802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad等多个变种，分别对应不同的频段（2.4GHz、5GHz、60GHz）和传输速率。例如，802.11n引入了MIMO（多输入多输出）技术，显著提高了数据传输速度和可靠性；802.11ac进一步提升了速度，支持千兆位无线连接。
3. 技术改进与扩展：
IEEE 802.11-2016的修订可能包括对现有技术的增强，如更高的传输速率、更宽的频道带宽、低功耗模式（适用于物联网设备）以及更好的干扰管理。此外，它可能还包含了对新出现的技术，如波束成形和空间多流的支持，这些技术可以提高无线信号的定向性和效率。
4. 安全性：
802.11标准也关注网络安全，如WPA2（Wi-Fi保护访问第二版）提供强大的加密机制，防止未授权访问。随着技术发展，新的安全威胁不断出现，802.11-2016可能包含对现有安全协议的更新或增强，以应对这些挑战。
5. 兼容性和互操作性：
由于802.11标准的广泛采用，兼容性和互操作性是关键。2016年的修订版确保了新旧设备之间的兼容，允许用户无缝升级设备并保持网络连接。
IEEE 802.11-2016标准是无线通信领域的一个重要里程碑，它定义了无线局域网的通信规范，推动了无线网络技术的进步，为用户提供更快、更安全、更可靠的连接体验。对于IT专业人士来说，深入理解802.11标准对于设计、部署和维护WLAN至关重要。
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Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
4.3.24 Operation under geolocation database (GDB) control .......................................... 213
4.4 Logical service interfaces ...................................................................................................... 215
4.4.1 General...................................................................................................................215
4.4.2 SS ........................................................................................................................... 215
4.4.3 PBSS control point service (PCPS) ....................................................................... 216
4.4.4 DSS ........................................................................................................................ 216
4.5 Overview of the services........................................................................................................ 217
4.5.1 General...................................................................................................................217
4.5.2 Distribution of MSDUs within a DS...................................................................... 218
4.5.2.1 Distribution ......................................................................................... 218
4.5.2.2 Integration ........................................................................................... 219
4.5.2.3 QoS traffic scheduling ........................................................................ 219
4.5.3 Services that support the distribution service and the PCP service ....................... 220
4.5.3.1 General ................................................................................................ 220
4.5.3.2 Mobility types ..................................................................................... 220
4.5.3.3 Association.......................................................................................... 220
4.5.3.4 Reassociation ...................................................................................... 221
4.5.3.5 Disassociation ..................................................................................... 221
4.5.4 Access control and data confidentiality services ................................................... 222
4.5.4.1 General ................................................................................................ 222
4.5.4.2 Authentication..................................................................................... 222
4.5.4.3 Deauthentication ................................................................................. 223
4.5.4.4 Data confidentiality............................................................................. 223
4.5.4.5 Key management................................................................................. 224
4.5.4.6 Data origin authenticity....................................................................... 224
4.5.4.7 Replay detection.................................................................................. 224
4.5.4.8 Fast BSS transition.............................................................................. 225
4.5.4.9 Robust management frame protection ................................................ 225
4.5.5 Spectrum management services............................................................................. 225
4.5.5.1 General ................................................................................................ 225
4.5.5.2 TPC ..................................................................................................... 225
4.5.5.3 DFS ..................................................................................................... 225
4.5.6 Traffic differentiation and QoS support................................................................. 226
4.5.6.1 General ................................................................................................ 226
4.5.6.2 Quality-of-service management frame support................................... 226
4.5.7 Support for higher layer timer synchronization..................................................... 226
4.5.8 Radio measurement service ................................................................................... 227
4.5.9 Interworking with external networks..................................................................... 227
4.5.10 Generic advertisement service (GAS) ................................................................... 228
4.6 Multiple logical address spaces ............................................................................................
.228
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7 Differences among ESS, PBSS, and IBSS LANs.................................................................. 229
4.8 Differences between ESS and MBSS LANs ......................................................................... 231
4.9 Reference model .................................................................................................................... 231
4.9.1 General...................................................................................................................231
4.9.2 Interworking reference model................................................................................ 231
4.9.3 Reference model for supporting multiple MAC sublayers .................................... 233
4.9.4 Reference model for multi-band operation............................................................ 234
4.10 IEEE Std 802.11 and IEEE Std 802.1X-2010 ....................................................................... 236
4.10.1 General................................................................................................................... 236
4.10.2 IEEE 802.11 usage of IEEE Std 802.1X-2010 ...................................................... 236
4.10.3 Infrastructure functional model overview.............................................................. 237
4.10.3.1 General................................................................................................ 237
4.10.3.2 AKM operations with AS ................................................................... 237
4.10.3.3 AKM operations with a password or PSK .......................................... 239
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