IEEE 802.11-2016标准：无线局域网MAC与PHY层规范

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“802.11-2016.pdf”是关于无线局域网（WLAN）介质访问控制（MAC）和物理层（PHY）规范的文档，由IEEE LAN/MAN标准委员会赞助，主要涉及信息技术、电信和系统间的信息交换，是IEEE 802.11标准的2016年修订版。正文： IEEE 802.11标准是无线局域网（WLAN）技术的基础，它定义了无线设备如何在共享介质上通信，包括介质访问控制（MAC）层和物理（PHY）层的规范。2016年的版本是对2012年版本的更新，旨在提升性能、增强安全性和适应新技术的发展。 1. 介质访问控制（MAC）层： MAC层是网络协议栈的一部分，负责管理无线网络上的数据传输，确保多个设备能公平地共享无线信道。802.11标准中的MAC层规定了各种机制，如载波侦听多路访问/冲突避免（CSMA/CA），用于防止多个设备同时发送数据导致的冲突。此外，它还包括认证、关联、漫游和QoS（服务质量）等功能。 2. 物理层（PHY）： PHY层处理无线信号的传输和接收，包括调制、编码和解码等。802.11-2016标准涵盖了多种PHY技术，如802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad等多个变种，分别对应不同的频段（2.4GHz、5GHz、60GHz）和传输速率。例如，802.11n引入了MIMO（多输入多输出）技术，显著提高了数据传输速度和可靠性；802.11ac进一步提升了速度，支持千兆位无线连接。 3. 技术改进与扩展： IEEE 802.11-2016的修订可能包括对现有技术的增强，如更高的传输速率、更宽的频道带宽、低功耗模式（适用于物联网设备）以及更好的干扰管理。此外，它可能还包含了对新出现的技术，如波束成形和空间多流的支持，这些技术可以提高无线信号的定向性和效率。 4. 安全性： 802.11标准也关注网络安全，如WPA2（Wi-Fi保护访问第二版）提供强大的加密机制，防止未授权访问。随着技术发展，新的安全威胁不断出现，802.11-2016可能包含对现有安全协议的更新或增强，以应对这些挑战。 5. 兼容性和互操作性：由于802.11标准的广泛采用，兼容性和互操作性是关键。2016年的修订版确保了新旧设备之间的兼容，允许用户无缝升级设备并保持网络连接。 IEEE 802.11-2016标准是无线通信领域的一个重要里程碑，它定义了无线局域网的通信规范，推动了无线网络技术的进步，为用户提供更快、更安全、更可靠的连接体验。对于IT专业人士来说，深入理解802.11标准对于设计、部署和维护WLAN至关重要。

4.3.24 Operation under geolocation database (GDB) control .......................................... 213

4.4 Logical service interfaces ...................................................................................................... 215

4.4.1 General...................................................................................................................215

4.4.2 SS ........................................................................................................................... 215

4.4.3 PBSS control point service (PCPS) ....................................................................... 216

4.4.4 DSS ........................................................................................................................ 216

4.5 Overview of the services........................................................................................................ 217

4.5.1 General...................................................................................................................217

4.5.2 Distribution of MSDUs within a DS...................................................................... 218

4.5.2.1 Distribution ......................................................................................... 218

4.5.2.2 Integration ........................................................................................... 219

4.5.2.3 QoS traffic scheduling ........................................................................ 219

4.5.3 Services that support the distribution service and the PCP service ....................... 220

4.5.3.1 General ................................................................................................ 220

4.5.3.2 Mobility types ..................................................................................... 220

4.5.3.3 Association.......................................................................................... 220

4.5.3.4 Reassociation ...................................................................................... 221

4.5.3.5 Disassociation ..................................................................................... 221

4.5.4 Access control and data confidentiality services ................................................... 222

4.5.4.1 General ................................................................................................ 222

4.5.4.2 Authentication..................................................................................... 222

4.5.4.3 Deauthentication ................................................................................. 223

4.5.4.4 Data confidentiality............................................................................. 223

4.5.4.5 Key management................................................................................. 224

4.5.4.6 Data origin authenticity....................................................................... 224

4.5.4.7 Replay detection.................................................................................. 224

4.5.4.8 Fast BSS transition.............................................................................. 225

4.5.4.9 Robust management frame protection ................................................ 225

4.5.5 Spectrum management services............................................................................. 225

4.5.5.1 General ................................................................................................ 225

4.5.5.2 TPC ..................................................................................................... 225

4.5.5.3 DFS ..................................................................................................... 225

4.5.6 Traffic differentiation and QoS support................................................................. 226

4.5.6.1 General ................................................................................................ 226

4.5.6.2 Quality-of-service management frame support................................... 226

4.5.7 Support for higher layer timer synchronization..................................................... 226

4.5.8 Radio measurement service ................................................................................... 227

4.5.9 Interworking with external networks..................................................................... 227

4.5.10 Generic advertisement service (GAS) ................................................................... 228

4.6 Multiple logical address spaces ............................................................................................

.228

7 Differences among ESS, PBSS, and IBSS LANs.................................................................. 229

4.8 Differences between ESS and MBSS LANs ......................................................................... 231

4.9 Reference model .................................................................................................................... 231

4.9.1 General...................................................................................................................231

4.9.2 Interworking reference model................................................................................ 231

4.9.3 Reference model for supporting multiple MAC sublayers .................................... 233

4.9.4 Reference model for multi-band operation............................................................ 234

4.10 IEEE Std 802.11 and IEEE Std 802.1X-2010 ....................................................................... 236

4.10.1 General................................................................................................................... 236

4.10.2 IEEE 802.11 usage of IEEE Std 802.1X-2010 ...................................................... 236

4.10.3 Infrastructure functional model overview.............................................................. 237

4.10.3.1 General................................................................................................ 237

4.10.3.2 AKM operations with AS ................................................................... 237

4.10.3.3 AKM operations with a password or PSK .......................................... 239

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4.10.3.4 Alternate operations with PSK............................................................ 240

4.10.3.5 Disassociation ..................................................................................... 241

4.10.4 IBSS functional model description ........................................................................ 241

4.10.4.1 General................................................................................................ 241

4.10.4.2 Key usage............................................................................................ 241

4.10.4.3 Sample IBSS 4-way handshakes......................................................... 241

4.10.4.4 IBSS IEEE 802.1X example ............................................................... 243

4.10.5 PBSS functional model description ....................................................................... 244

4.10.6 Authenticator-to-AS protocol ................................................................................ 245

4.10.7 PMKSA caching .................................................................................................... 245

4.10.8 Protection of group addressed robust Management frames................................... 245

5. MAC service definition ..................................................................................................................... 246

5.1 Overview of MAC services ................................................................................................... 246

5.1.1 Data service............................................................................................................ 246

5.1.1.1 General ................................................................................................ 246

5.1.1.2 Determination of UP ........................................................................... 246

5.1.1.3 Interpretation of priority parameter in MAC service primitives......... 246

5.1.1.4 Interpretation of service class parameter in MAC service

primitives in a STA ............................................................................. 247

5.1.2 Security services .................................................................................................... 248

5.1.3 MSDU ordering ..................................................................................................... 248

5.1.4 MSDU format ........................................................................................................ 249

5.1.5 MAC data service architecture .............................................................................. 250

5.1.5.1 General ................................................................................................ 250

5.1.5.2 Non-AP STA role................................................................................ 253

5.1.5.3 AP role ................................................................................................ 253

5.1.5.4 Mesh STA role.................................................................................... 253

5.1.5.5 Mesh gate role..................................................................................... 254

5.2 MAC data service specification............................................................................................. 254

5.2.1 General...................................................................................................................254

5.2.2 MA-UNITDATA.request ...................................................................................... 254

5.2.2.1 Function .............................................................................................. 254

5.2.2.2 Semantics of the service primitive...................................................... 255

5.2.2.3 When generated................................................................................... 255

5.2.2.4 Effect of receipt................................................................................... 255

5.2.3 MA-UNITDATA.indication .................................................................................. 257

5.2.3.1 Function .............................................................................................. 257

5.2.3.2 Semantics of the service primitive...................................................... 257

5.2.3.3 When generated................................................................................... 257

5.2.3.4 Effect of receipt.......................................

............................................ 258

5.2

4 MA-UNITDATA-STATUS.indication.................................................................. 259

5.2.4.1 Function .............................................................................................. 259

5.2.4.2 Semantics of the service primitive...................................................... 259

5.2.4.3 When generated................................................................................... 261

5.2.4.4 Effect of receipt................................................................................... 261

6. Layer management............................................................................................................................. 262

6.1 Overview of management model........................................................................................... 262

6.2 Generic management primitives ............................................................................................ 263

6.3 MLME SAP interface ............................................................................................................ 263

6.3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 263

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6.3.2 Power management................................................................................................ 264

6.3.2.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 264

6.3.2.2 MLME-POWERMGT.request............................................................ 264

6.3.2.3 MLME-POWERMGT.confirm........................................................... 264

6.3.3 Scan........................................................................................................................ 265

6.3.3.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 265

6.3.3.2 MLME-SCAN.request ........................................................................ 265

6.3.3.3 MLME-SCAN.confirm ....................................................................... 267

6.3.4 Synchronization ..................................................................................................... 276

6.3.4.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 276

6.3.4.2 MLME-JOIN.request .......................................................................... 276

6.3.4.3 MLME-JOIN.confirm ......................................................................... 278

6.3.5 Authenticate ........................................................................................................... 279

6.3.5.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 279

6.3.5.2 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.request .................................................... 279

6.3.5.3 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.confirm ................................................... 280

6.3.5.4 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.indication................................................ 282

6.3.5.5 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.response.................................................. 283

6.3.6 Deauthenticate ....................................................................................................... 284

6.3.6.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 284

6.3.6.2 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.request............................................... 284

6.3.6.3 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.confirm.............................................. 285

6.3.6.4 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.indication .......................................... 285

6.3.7 Associate................................................................................................................ 286

6.3.7.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 286

6.3.7.2 MLME-ASSOCIATE.request............................................................. 286

6.3.7.3 MLME-ASSOCIATE.confirm............................................................ 288

6.3.7.4 MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication ........................................................ 292

6.3.7.5 MLME-ASSOCIATE.response .......................................................... 295

6.3.8 Reassociate............................................................................................................. 297

6.3.8.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 297

6.3.8.2 MLME-REASSOCIATE.request........................................................ 297

6.3.8.3 MLME-REASSOCIATE.confirm....................................................... 299

6.3.8.4 MLME-REASSOCIATE.indication ................................................... 303

6.3.8.5 MLME-REASSOCIATE.response ..................................................... 306

6.3.9 Disassociate ........................................................................................................... 309

6.3.9.1 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.request ...................................................... 309

6.3.9.2 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.confirm ..................................................... 309

6.3.9.3 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.indication.................................................. 310

6.3.10 Reset....................................................................................................................... 310

6.3.10.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 310

6.3.10.2 MLME-RESET.request....................................................................... 311

6.3.11 Start........................................................................................................................ 311

6.3.11.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 311

6.3.11.2 MLME-START.request ...................................................................... 311

6.3.11.3 MLME-START.confirm.....................................

................................ 317

12 Stop ........................................................................................................................ 317

6.3.12.1 General................................................................................................ 317

6.3.12.2 MLME-STOP.request......................................................................... 317

6.3.13 Protocol layer model for spectrum management and radio measurement............. 318

6.3.14 Measurement request ............................................................................................. 321

6.3.14.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 321

6.3.14.2 MLME-MREQUEST.request ............................................................. 321

6.3.14.3 MLME-MREQUEST.indication......................................................... 322

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6.3.15 Channel measurement............................................................................................ 323

6.3.15.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 323

6.3.15.2 MLME-MEASURE.request................................................................ 323

6.3.15.3 MLME-MEASURE.confirm............................................................... 324

6.3.16 Measurement report ............................................................................................... 325

6.3.16.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 325

6.3.16.2 MLME-MREPORT.request................................................................ 325

6.3.16.3 MLME-MREPORT.indication ........................................................... 326

6.3.17 Channel switch....................................................................................................... 327

6.3.17.1 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.request ................................................ 327

6.3.17.2 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.confirm ............................................... 328

6.3.17.3 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.indication............................................ 328

6.3.17.4 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.response.............................................. 329

6.3.18 TPC request............................................................................................................ 331

6.3.18.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 331

6.3.18.2 MLME-TPCADAPT.request .............................................................. 331

6.3.18.3 MLME-TPCADAPT.confirm............................................................. 331

6.3.19 SetKeys ..................................................................................................................332

6.3.19.1 MLME-SETKEYS.request ................................................................. 332

6.3.20 DeleteKeys............................................................................................................. 333

6.3.20.1 MLME-DELETEKEYS.request ......................................................... 333

6.3.21 MIC (michael) failure event .................................................................................. 334

6.3.21.1 MLME-MICHAELMICFAILURE.indication.................................... 334

6.3.22 EAPOL................................................................................................................... 335

6.3.22.1 MLME-EAPOL.request...................................................................... 335

6.3.22.2 MLME-EAPOL.confirm..................................................................... 336

6.3.23 MLME-PEERKEY-START .................................................................................. 336

6.3.23.1 MLME-PEERKEY-START.request................................................... 336

6.3.24 SetProtection.......................................................................................................... 337

6.3.24.1 MLME-SETPROTECTION.request................................................... 337

6.3.25 MLME-PROTECTEDFRAMEDROPPED ........................................................... 338

6.3.25.1 MLME- PROTECTEDFRAMEDROPPED.indication ...................... 338

6.3.26 TS management interface ...................................................................................... 338

6.3.26.1 General................................................................................................ 338

6.3.26.2 MLME-ADDTS.request ..................................................................... 339

6.3.26.3 MLME-ADDTS.confirm .................................................................... 341

6.3.26.4 MLME-ADDTS.indication................................................................. 344

6.3.26.5 MLME-ADDTS.response................................................................... 346

6.3.26.6 MLME-DELTS.request ...................................................................... 349

6.3.26.7 MLME-DELTS.indication.................................................................. 350

6.3.26.8 MLME-ADDTSRESERVE.request ................................................... 351

6.3.26.9 MLME-ADDTSRESERVE.confirm................................................... 352

6.3.26.10 MLME-ADDTSRESERVE.indication ............................................... 353

6.3.26.11 MLME-ADDTSRESERVE.response ................................................. 354

6.3.27 Management of direct links ................................................................................... 354

6.3.27.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 354

6.3.27.2 MLME-DLS.request ........................................................................... 355

6.3.27.3 MLME-DLS.confirm .......................................................................... 355

6.3.27.4 MLME-DLS.indication.....................................

................................ 356

6.3.27.5 MLME-DLS.response......................................................................... 357

6.3.27.6 MLME-DLS-TEARDOWN.request................................................... 358

6.3.27.7 MLME-DLS-TEARDOWN.indication............................................... 359

6.3.28 Higher layer synchronization support.................................................................... 360

6.3.28.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 360

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6.3.28.2 MLME-HL-SYNC.request ................................................................. 360

6.3.28.3 MLME-HL-SYNC.indication............................................................. 361

6.3.29 Block Ack .............................................................................................................. 361

6.3.29.1 General................................................................................................ 361

6.3.29.2 MLME-ADDBA.request..................................................................... 361

6.3.29.3 MLME-ADDBA.confirm ................................................................... 363

6.3.29.4 MLME-ADDBA.indication ................................................................ 364

6.3.29.5 MLME-ADDBA.response .................................................................. 365

6.3.29.6 MLME-DELBA.request ..................................................................... 367

6.3.29.7 MLME-DELBA.indication................................................................. 368

6.3.30 Schedule element management.............................................................................. 369

6.3.30.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 369

6.3.30.2 MLME-SCHEDULE.request.............................................................. 369

6.3.30.3 MLME-SCHEDULE.indication ......................................................... 369

6.3.31 Vendor-specific action........................................................................................... 370

6.3.31.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 370

6.3.31.2 MLME-VSPECIFIC.request............................................................... 370

6.3.31.3 MLME-VSPECIFIC.indication .......................................................... 371

6.3.32 Neighbor report request ......................................................................................... 372

6.3.32.1 General................................................................................................ 372

6.3.32.2 MLME-NEIGHBORREPREQ.request............................................... 372

6.3.32.3 MLME-NEIGHBORREPREQ.indication .......................................... 373

6.3.33 Neighbor report response....................................................................................... 374

6.3.33.1 General................................................................................................ 374

6.3.33.2 MLME-NEIGHBORREPRESP.request ............................................. 374

6.3.33.3 MLME-NEIGHBORREPRESP.indication......................................... 375

6.3.34 Link Measure Request ........................................................................................... 376

6.3.34.1 General................................................................................................ 376

6.3.34.2 MLME-LINKMEASURE.request ...................................................... 376

6.3.34.3 MLME-LINKMEASURE.confirm..................................................... 377

6.3.35 MLME SAP interface for resource request ........................................................... 378

6.3.35.1 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.request........................................... 378

6.3.35.2 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.indication ...................................... 379

6.3.35.3 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.response ........................................ 380

6.3.35.4 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.confirm ......................................... 380

6.3.35.5 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST-LOCAL.request............................ 381

6.3.35.6 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST-LOCAL.confirm........................... 382

6.3.36 MLME SAP interface for remote requests ............................................................ 382

6.3.36.1 MLME-REMOTE-REQUEST.request............................................... 382

6.3.36.2 MLME-REMOTE-REQUEST.indication........................................... 383

6.3.37 Extended channel switch announcement ............................................................... 383

6.3.37.1 General................................................................................................ 383

6.3.37.2 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.request......................................... 384

6.3.37.3 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.confirm ....................................... 385

6.3.37.4 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.indication .................................... 385

6.3.37.5 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.response ...................................... 387

6.3.38 DSE power constraint announcement........................

............................................ 388

6.3.38.

General ................................................................................................ 388

6.3.38.2 MLME-DSETPC.request.................................................................... 388

6.3.38.3 MLME-DSETPC.confirm................................................................... 389

6.3.38.4 MLME-DSETPC.indication ............................................................... 390

6.3.38.5 MLME-DSETPC.response ................................................................. 390

6.3.39 Enablement ............................................................................................................ 391

6.3.39.1 General................................................................................................ 391

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