算法导论第三版：编程基石

需积分: 21 75 浏览量更新于2024-07-19 收藏 5.41MB PDF 举报

"算法导论第三版中文版" 《算法导论》是计算机科学领域的一本经典著作，由Thomas H. Cormen、Charles E. Leiserson、Ronald L. Rivest 和 Clifford Stein 四位专家合著，旨在帮助读者理解和掌握各种核心算法。这本书的第三版在全球范围内广受赞誉，适合所有编程语言的学习者，因为算法是编程的基础，无论使用何种语言，熟练掌握算法都能显著提升编程能力。本书分为多个部分，深入探讨了算法设计、分析和实现的方法。以下是一些主要的知识点： 1. 算法基础：介绍了算法的基本概念，包括算法的定义、描述方法（如伪代码和流程图）以及算法分析中的基本术语，如时间复杂度和空间复杂度。 2. 分治法：讲解了如何通过将大问题分解为小问题来解决复杂问题的策略，例如快速排序、归并排序等。 3. 动态规划：介绍了如何通过存储和利用子问题的解来优化计算过程，常用于最短路径问题、背包问题等。 4. 贪心算法：讨论了在每一步选择局部最优解以期望得到全局最优解的策略，如霍夫曼编码、Prim算法构造最小生成树。 5. 回溯与分支限界：用于解决组合优化问题，如八皇后问题、N皇后问题，以及约束满足问题。 6. 图算法：涵盖了深度优先搜索、广度优先搜索、最短路径算法（Dijkstra、Floyd-Warshall、Bellman-Ford）、最小生成树（Prim、Kruskal）等。 7. 数据结构：包括数组、链表、栈、队列、堆、散列表、树（二叉树、平衡树如AVL树和红黑树）以及图的存储结构（邻接矩阵和邻接表）。 8. 排序与查找：详细阐述了各种排序算法（冒泡排序、插入排序、选择排序、快速排序、归并排序、堆排序等）和查找算法（顺序查找、二分查找、哈希查找）。 9. 字符串处理：包括模式匹配（KMP算法、Boyer-Moore算法）和文本处理算法。 10. 计算几何：涉及线段树、凸包、最近点对问题等。 11. 概率与随机化算法：介绍了如何使用概率方法设计算法，如Monte Carlo方法和Las Vegas方法。 12. 计算复杂性理论：简要讨论了P、NP和NP完全问题，以及时间复杂性类。《算法导论》不仅提供了详尽的理论分析，还包含了大量的实例和练习题，帮助读者巩固理解并应用所学知识。书中的每个章节都有丰富的注释和参考文献，方便进一步深入研究。此外，书中还包含了算法的伪代码实现，方便读者自行编程实践。《算法导论》是一本全面、深入的算法教科书，无论是初学者还是有经验的程序员，都能从中受益匪浅，提升自己的算法设计和分析能力。

Preface xv

What are the prerequisites for reading this book?



You should have some programming experience. In particular, you should un-

derstand recursive procedures and simple data structures such as arrays and

linked lists.



You should have some facility with mathematical proofs, and especially proofs

by mathematical induction. A few portions of the book rely on some knowledge

of elementary calculus. Beyond that, Parts I and VIII of this book teach you all

the mathematical techniques you will need.

We have heard, loud and clear, the call to supply solutions to problems and

exercises. Our Web site, http://mitpress.mit.edu/algorithms/, links to solutions for

a few of the problems and exercises. Feel free to check your solutions against ours.

We ask, however, that you do not send your solutions to us.

To the professional

The wide range of topics in this book makes it an excellent handbook on algo-

rithms. Because each chapter is relatively self-contained, you can focus in on the

topics that most interest you.

Most of the algorithms we discuss have great practical utility. We therefore

address implementation concerns and other engineering issues. We often provide

practical alternatives to the few algorithms that are primarily of theoretical interest.

If you wish to implement any of the algorithms, you should ﬁnd the transla-

tion of our pseudocode into your favorite programming language to be a fairly

straightforward task. We have designed the pseudocode to present each algorithm

clearly and succinctly. Consequently, we do not address error-handling and other

software-engineering issues that require speciﬁc assumptions about your program-

ming environment. We attempt to present each algorithm simply and directly with-

out allowing the idiosyncrasies of a particular programming language to obscure

its essence.

We understand that if you are using this book outside of a course, then you

might be unable to check your solutions to problems and exercises against solutions

provided by an instructor. Our Web site, http://mitpress.mit.edu/algorithms/, links

to solutions for some of the problems and exercises so that you can check your

work. Please do not send your solutions to us.

To our colleagues

We have supplied an extensive bibliography and pointers to the current literature.

Each chapter ends with a set of chapter notes that give historical details and ref-

erences. The chapter notes do not provide a complete reference to the whole ﬁeld

xvi Preface

of algorithms, however. Though it may be hard to believe for a book of this size,

space constraints prevented us from including many interesting algorithms.

Despite myriad requests from students for solutions to problems and exercises,

we have chosen as a matter of policy not to supply references for problems and

exercises, to remove the temptation for students to look up a solution rather than to

ﬁnd it themselves.

Changes f or the third edition

What has changed between the second and third editions of this book? The mag-

nitude of the changes is on a par with the changes between the ﬁrst and second

editions. As we said about the second-edition changes, depending on how you

look at it, the book changed either not much or quite a bit.

A quick look at the table of contents shows that most of the second-edition chap-

ters and sections appear in the third edition. We removed two chapters and one

section, but we have added three new chapters and two new sections apart from

these new chapters.

We kept the hybrid organization from the ﬁrst two editions. Rather than organiz-

ing chapters by only problem domains or according only to techniques, this book

has elements of both. It contains technique-based chapters on divide-and-conquer,

dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, amortized analysis, NP-Completeness,

and approximation algorithms. But it also has entire parts on sorting, on data

structures for dynamic sets, and on algorithms for graph problems. We ﬁnd that

although you need to know how to apply techniques for designing and analyzing al-

gorithms, problems seldom announce to you which techniques are most amenable

to solving them.

Here is a summary of the most signiﬁcant changes for the third edition:



We added new chapters on van Emde Boas trees and multithreaded algorithms,

and we have broken out material on matrix basics into its own appendix chapter.



We revised the chapter on recurrences to more broadly cover the divide-and-

conquer technique, and its ﬁrst two sections apply divide-and-conquer to solve

two problems. The second section of this chapter presents Strassen’s algorithm

for matrix multiplication, which we have moved from the chapter on matrix

operations.



We removed two chapters that were rarely taught: binomial heaps and sorting

networks. One key idea in the sorting networks chapter, the 0-1 principle, ap-

pears in this edition within Problem 8-7 as the 0-1 sorting lemma for compare-

exchange algorithms. The treatment of Fibonacci heaps no longer relies on

binomial heaps as a precursor.

Preface xvii



We revised our treatment of dynamic programming and greedy algorithms. Dy-

namic programming now leads off with a more interesting problem, rod cutting,

than the assembly-line scheduling problem from the second edition. Further-

more, we emphasize memoization a bit more than we did in the second edition,

and we introduce the notion of the subproblem graph as a way to understand

the running time of a dynamic-programming algorithm. In our opening exam-

ple of greedy algorithms, the activity-selection problem, we get to the greedy

algorithm more directly than we did in the second edition.



The way we delete a node from binary search trees (which includes red-black

trees) now guarantees that the node requested for deletion is the node that is

actually deleted. In the ﬁrst two editions, in certain cases, some other node

would be deleted, with its contents moving into the node passed to the deletion

procedure. With our new way to delete nodes, if other components of a program

maintain pointers to nodes in the tree, they will not mistakenly end up with stale

pointers to nodes that have been deleted.



The material on ﬂow networks now bases ﬂows entirely on edges. This ap-

proach is more intuitive than the net ﬂow used in the ﬁrst two editions.



With the material on matrix basics and Strassen’s algorithm moved to other

chapters, the chapter on matrix operations is smaller than in the second edition.



We have modiﬁed our treatment of the Knuth-Morris-Pratt string-matching al-

gorithm.



We corrected several errors. Most of these errors were posted on our Web site

of second-edition errata, but a few were not.



Based on many requests, we changed the syntax (as it were) of our pseudocode.

We now use “ D” to indicate assignment and “

” to test for equality, just as C,

C++, Java, and Python do. Likewise, we have eliminated the keywords do and

then and adopted “//” as our comment-to-end-of-line symbol. We also now use

dot-notation to indicate object attributes. Our pseudocode remains procedural,

rather than object-oriented. In other words, rather than running methods on

objects, we simply call procedures, passing objects as parameters.



We added 100 new exercises and 28 new problems. We also updated many

bibliography entries and added several new ones.



Finally, we went through the entire book and rewrote sentences, paragraphs,

and sections to make the writing clearer and more active.

xviii Preface

Web site

You can use our Web site, http://mitpress.mit.edu/algorithms/, to obtain supple-

mentary information and to communicate with us. The Web site links to a list of

known errors, solutions to selected exercises and problems, and (of course) a list

explaining the corny professor jokes, as well as other content that we might add.

The Web site also tells you how to report errors or make suggestions.

How we produced this book

Like the second edition, the third edition was produced in L

. We used the

Times font with mathematics typeset using the MathTime Pro 2 fonts. We thank

Michael Spivak from Publish or Perish, Inc., Lance Carnes from Personal TeX,

Inc., and Tim Tregubov from Dartmouth College for technical support. As in the

previous two editions, we compiled the index using Windex, a C program that we

wrote, and the bibliography was produced with B

IBT

X. The PDF ﬁles for this

book were created on a MacBook running OS 10.5.

We drew the illustrations for the third edition using MacDraw Pro, with some

of the mathematical expressions in illustrations laid in with the psfrag package

for L

. Unfortunately, MacDraw Pro is legacy software, having not been

marketed for over a decade now. Happily, we still have a couple of Macintoshes

that can run the Classic environment under OS 10.4, and hence they can run Mac-

Draw Pro—mostly. Even under the Classic environment, we ﬁnd MacDraw Pro to

be far easier to use than any other drawing software for the types of illustrations

that accompany computer-science text, and it produces beautiful output.

Who

knows how long our pre-Intel Macs will continue to run, so if anyone from Apple

is listening: Please create an OS X-compatible version of MacDraw Pro!

Acknowledgments for the third edition

We have been working with the MIT Press for over two decades now, and what a

terriﬁc relationship it has been! We thank Ellen Faran, Bob Prior, Ada Brunstein,

and Mary Reilly for their help and support.

We were geographically distributed while producing the third edition, working

in the Dartmouth College Department of Computer Science, the MIT Computer

We investigated several drawing programs that run under Mac OS X, but all had signiﬁcant short-

comings compared with MacDraw Pro. We brieﬂy attempted to produce the illustrations for this

book with a different, well known drawing program. We found that it took at least ﬁve times as long

to produce each illustration as it took with MacDraw Pro, and the resulting illustrations did not look

as good. Hence the decision to revert to MacDraw Pro running on older Macintoshes.

Preface xix

Science and Artiﬁcial Intelligence Laboratory, and the Columbia University De-

partment of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research. We thank our re-

spective universities and colleagues for providing such supportive and stimulating

environments.

Julie Sussman, P.P.A., once again bailed us out as the technical copyeditor. Time

and again, we were amazed at the errors that eluded us, but that Julie caught. She

also helped us improve our presentation in several places. If there is a Hall of Fame

for technical copyeditors, Julie is a sure-ﬁre, ﬁrst-ballot inductee. She is nothing

short of phenomenal. Thank you, thank you, thank you, Julie! Priya Natarajan also

found some errors that we were able to correct before this book went to press. Any

errors that remain (and undoubtedly, some do) are the responsibility of the authors

(and probably were inserted after Julie read the material).

The treatment for van Emde Boas trees derives from Erik Demaine’s notes,

which were in turn inﬂuenced by Michael Bender. We also incorporated ideas

from Javed Aslam, Bradley Kuszmaul, and Hui Zha into this edition.

The chapter on multithreading was based on notes originally written jointly with

Harald Prokop. The material was inﬂuenced by several others working on the Cilk

project at MIT, including Bradley Kuszmaul and Matteo Frigo. The design of the

multithreaded pseudocode took its inspiration from the MIT Cilk extensions to C

and by Cilk Arts’s Cilk++ extensions to C++.

We also thank the many readers of the ﬁrst and second editions who reported

errors or submitted suggestions for how to improve this book. We corrected all the

bona ﬁde errors that were reported, and we incorporated as many suggestions as

we could. We rejoice that the number of such contributors has grown so great that

we must regret that it has become impractical to list them all.

Finally, we thank our wives—Nicole Cormen, Wendy Leiserson, Gail Rivest,

and Rebecca Ivry—and our children—Ricky, Will, Debby, and Katie Leiserson;

Alex and Christopher Rivest; and Molly, Noah, and Benjamin Stein—for their love

and support while we prepared this book. The patience and encouragement of our

families made this project possible. We affectionately dedicate this book to them.

HOMAS H. CORMEN Lebanon, New Hampshire

CHARLES E. LEISERSON Cambridge, Massachusetts

RONALD L. RIVEST Cambridge, Massachusetts

CLIFFORD STEIN New York, New York

February 2009

剩余1312页未读，继续阅读

kaxsss

粉丝: 0
资源: 1

算法导论第三版：编程基石

算法导论中文版

算法导论 中文版 经典算法书籍

数据库基础测验20241113.doc

微信小程序下拉选择组件

DICOM文件+DX放射平片-数字X射线图像DICOM测试文件

Jupyter Notebook《基于双流 Faster R-CNN 网络的 图像篡改检测》+项目源码+文档说明+代码注释

使用epf捕获没有CA证书的SSLTLS明文（LinuxAndroid内核支持amd64arm64）.zip

(源码)基于Arduino的天文数据库管理系统.zip

(源码)基于JSP和SQL Server的维修管理系统.zip

devecostudio-windows-3.1.0.501.zip

最新资源

算法导论中文版经典算法书籍

Jupyter Notebook《基于双流 Faster R-CNN 网络的图像篡改检测》+项目源码+文档说明+代码注释