PBNI程序员指南与参考手册

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PBNI Programmers Guide and Reference 是一部详细的指南文档，专门为PowerBuilder Classic 12.5的开发者设计。该手册是Sybase公司版权所有，发布日期为2011年7月，适用于后续未特别注明更新版本的技术说明。其目的是提供对PowerBuilder Native Interface (PBNI)的深入理解和实用指导，帮助开发人员充分利用这一接口来构建高效、兼容的应用程序。 PBNI是PowerBuilder框架的一部分，它允许开发人员编写原生代码并与操作系统和服务紧密集成，从而提升应用程序性能和功能。通过此文档，读者可以学习如何在PowerBuilder与本地操作系统之间创建高效的交互，包括数据访问、系统调用、设备驱动程序集成等方面的最佳实践。文档强调了版权和使用条款，指出所有软件必须按照许可证协议的条款进行使用和复制。美国和加拿大的用户可以通过客户服务电话或传真联系客户服务部门获取更多文档，其他国家的用户则应根据其所在地区的子公司或分销商进行沟通。此外，任何对文档内容的复制、传播或翻译都必须得到Sybase事先书面许可，以确保合规性。对于初次接触PBNI的开发者，此指南会详细解释基本概念、API函数使用、错误处理策略以及性能优化技巧。它还会涵盖跨平台兼容性、内存管理、线程安全性和安全性注意事项等内容，帮助读者避免常见问题并实现高效编程。随着软件的不断升级，PBNI Programmers Guide and Reference也会随着技术更新进行相应的调整。因此，持续关注Sybase的官方发布和技术支持是非常重要的，以便及时获取最新的最佳实践和解决方案。 PBNI Programmers Guide and Reference是PowerBuilder Classic 12.5开发者的宝贵资源，提供了从入门到进阶的全面指导，确保开发人员能够充分利用PBNI进行高性能、稳定的软件开发。

About PBNI

4 PowerBuilder Classic

The following diagram illustrates the two-way communication, with both

PowerBuilder extensions and external applications, that PBNI provides for the

PBVM. As the diagram shows, a PowerBuilder extension communicates with

the PBVM through the IPB_Session interface, and the PBVM communicates

with the extension through an interface derived from IPBX_UserObject.

C++ and Java extensions communicate with the PBVM through the IPB_VM

and IPB_Session interfaces.

Figure 1-1: Interaction between the PBVM and external applications and

extensions

Understanding PowerBuilder extensions

A PowerBuilder extension is just what its name suggests: an extension to

PowerBuilder functionality provided by you, by a third party, or by Sybase. All

PowerBuilder extensions communicate with the PBVM through an interface

called IPB_Session. This interface and other PBNI objects and interfaces are

described in “The elements of PBNI” on page 6.

PowerBuilder provides its own extensions, including a PBDOM XML parser

and classes that support SOAP clients for Web services. In future releases,

Sybase might develop more new features as PBNI extensions instead of

embedding them in the PowerBuilder VM (PBVM), so that the size of the

PBVM can be minimized. Extensions are also available from third party

contributors; for the latest samples and utilities, see the PBNI section of the

PowerBuilder CodeXchange Web site at

http://powerbuilder.codeXchange.sybase.com/

Nonvisual extensions

The most frequently used type of PowerBuilder extension is a nonvisual

extension. Nonvisual extensions provide a way to call C and C++ functions

from PowerBuilder with more flexibility than the previous solution of

declaring a function in a script. They also allow you to use object-oriented

techniques when working with external objects.

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to PBNI

PBNI Programmers Guide and Reference 5

A nonvisual extension is a DLL, written in C++, that exposes one or more

native classes and/or global functions. Classes are used in a PowerBuilder

application as though they were class user objects created in PowerBuilder—a

native class is simply a PowerScript class that is implemented in C++. Global

functions in an extension are used like global functions declared in the

Function painter.

Nonvisual extensions allow you to use datatypes in C++ that map to standard

PowerBuilder datatypes. PBNI provides predefined datatypes that map to

PowerBuilder datatypes, so that you can use PowerBuilder datatypes when you

invoke the methods of the native class, and the native class can use predefined

types to call back into PowerBuilder. For more information about predefined

types, see Chapter 6, “PBNI Types and Return Values.”

You can use native classes to call back into the PBVM from the C++ code and

trigger PowerBuilder events and invoke functions. You can also call external

functions that require callback functions. For example, if your PowerBuilder

application uses an extension that is a SAX XML parser, the SAX parser can

send information back to the PowerBuilder application about the items it has

encountered in the XML document that it is parsing. In response, the

PowerBuilder application can send back instructions on how to handle those

items.

Possible uses for a nonvisual extension include:

• A wrapper for a Component Object Model (COM) component that

references a user-defined COM interface that cannot be mapped to a

PowerBuilder datatype

• A PowerBuilder interface for database backups and administration

using the SQL Anywhere™ dbtools (which require callback

functions)

• Wrappers for any open source C++ libraries that provide standard

utilities

PowerBuilder extensions run faster than standard PowerBuilder user objects

because they are compiled in native machine code instead of PowerBuilder

pseudocode (Pcode). PBNI complies with the C++ specification, so

well-programmed code is portable at the source code level.

Visual extensions

Visual extensions can be used as if they were PowerBuilder visual user

objects—you can place them in windows or on other visual controls. Visual

extensions allow you to create a subclass of the Windows procedure (

winproc)

of a visual component so that you can use the latest “look and feel” for your

applications.

The elements of PBNI

6 PowerBuilder Classic

Marshaler extensions

Marshaler extensions act as bridges between PowerBuilder and other

components, such as Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) components, Java classes,

Web services, and CORBA components. PowerBuilder provides a marshaler

extension for creating clients for EJB components running in any

J2EE-compliant application server. Other techniques for calling EJBs from

PowerBuilder do not provide a standard way to marshal PowerBuilder requests

to other components and unmarshal the result back to PowerBuilder.

Embedding the PBVM in a C++ application

Many PowerBuilder users have developed sophisticated custom class user

objects that handle intensive database operations or other functionality. Such

objects can already be used in external applications. However, limitations on

the use of some datatypes and of overloaded functions, as well as other coding

restrictions, diminishes the value of this technique.

To have direct access to a custom class user object running in the PBVM, and

to take advantage of PBNI functions for data access and exchange, you can

load the PBVM in the C++ application, create a session, and invoke the custom

class user object’s functions from the external application.

Communication between the PBVM and a C++ application is based primarily

on two interfaces: IPB_VM and IPB_Session.

Interacting with Java

To call Java classes from PowerBuilder, you can build a marshaler extension

that invokes Java methods through JNI, as described in Chapter 3, “Creating

Marshaler Extensions.” You can also use JNI to allow Java to call into

PowerBuilder through C or C++. For an example, see the

PowerBuilder

CodeXchange Web site at http://powerbuilder.codexchange.sybase.com

The elements of PBNI

To enable the features described in the previous section, PBNI provides

interfaces, structures, global functions, and helper classes. These elements are

described in more detail in the reference section of this guide. See Chapter 7,

“PBNI Interfaces, Structures, and Methods.” This section provides an

overview.

Interfaces

The IPB_VM interface is used to load PowerBuilder applications in third-party

applications and interoperate with the PowerBuilder virtual machine (PBVM).

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to PBNI

PBNI Programmers Guide and Reference 7

IPB_Session is an abstract interface that defines methods for performing

various actions such as accessing PowerScript data, creating PowerBuilder

objects, and calling PowerScript functions.

The IPB_Value and IPB_Arguments interfaces enable you to pass values

between the PowerBuilder VM and PowerBuilder extension modules.

The IPB_Value interface represents a PowerBuilder value, which could be one

of the PowerBuilder standard datatypes such as integer, long, string, and so

forth. It provides information about each variable, including its type, null flag,

access privileges, array or simple type, and reference type.

The IPB_Arguments interface represents the arguments passed to a

PowerScript function and is used to access the data.

The IPB_ResultSetAccessor and IPB_RSItemData interfaces enable you to

access data in a DataWindow or DataStore.

All PowerBuilder native classes inherit from the IPBX_NonVisualObject

interface or the IPBX_VisualObject interface, which in turn inherit from the

IPBX_UserObject interface. You must implement the

Invoke method in the

inherited class to enable PowerBuilder to invoke methods in the native class.

Marshaler extensions contain a class that inherits from the IPBX_Marshaler

interface. You must implement the

InvokeRemoteMethod method in the

inherited class to enable PowerBuilder to invoke methods on remote objects

represented by a proxy.

Structures

The PBCallInfo structure holds arguments and return type information for

function calls between PBNI and PowerBuilder. To access the information in

PBCallInfo, use the IPB_Arguments interface.

The PBArrayInfo structure stores information about arrays.

The PB_DateData, PB_TimeData, and PB_DateTimeData structures are used

to pass DataWindow and DataStore data.

Global functions

Every PowerBuilder extension object must export global functions that enable

the PowerBuilder VM to create instances of the object and use its methods. The

PBX_GetDescription function describes the classes and functions in the

extension. The

PBX_CreateNonVisualObject function enables the PBVM to

create instances of the nonvisual classes in an extension, and the

PBX_CreateVisualObject function does the same for visual classes.

Helper classes

Several helper classes, such as PBObjectCreator, PBArrayAccessor, and

PBEventTrigger, make it easier to program with PBNI.

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