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首页DIY 3D打印教程:从零开始建造你的打印机
DIY 3D打印教程:从零开始建造你的打印机
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更新于2024-07-27
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本章聚焦于"3D打印:自制3D打印机指南",旨在为读者提供一个简单且精炼的3D打印技术入门。不同于详尽的技术历史讲解,作者将避免过多的专业术语,而是侧重于介绍这种设备的基本概念、其主要功能以及如何通过后续章节逐步构建自己的3D打印机。 首先,3D打印是一种利用逐层堆积材料(如塑料、金属或树脂)来创建实体物体的数字制造技术。它能够根据计算机辅助设计(CAD)文件创造出复杂形状,广泛应用于工业设计、原型制作、教育和家庭DIY等领域。 在本教程中,章节分为多个部分,从第一章"开始之前",概述3D打印的基础知识,包括了解所需材料、软件和安全注意事项。第二章到第四章着重于硬件和工具的准备,包括切割零件和基础组装,确保读者对打印机的基本结构有清晰认识。 第五至第九章则深入到高级切割、钻孔和结构加固,涉及精细加工和专业级部件安装。第十章介绍了初步组装,接下来的章节处理子组件的集成工作,如电机、运动系统和打印头(即喷嘴)。第十五章讨论了挤出机和材料供给机制,这是打印过程中的关键环节。 电子设备的安装在第十六章,包括电路板和电源管理。随后的两章详细讲述电线布局和接线,确保电子元件的顺畅连接。第十九章涉及软件的安装与配置,这包括3D建模软件和控制软件的选择,以及打印参数的设定。 最后,第廿章和廿一章分别探讨测试、调试和实际打印过程,让读者能够验证他们的自制打印机是否能成功运行,并完成第一个3D打印作品。整体而言,本章提供了从零开始构建3D打印机的完整步骤,无论你是初学者还是进阶用户,都能在此找到所需的指导。
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CHAPTER 1 ■ CHAPTER TITLE GOES HERE
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Figure 2-1. A table saw will make the accurate cuts needed for the 3DP.
A table saw will allow you to cut some of the longer edges needed with more accuracy and a
smoother cut surface. Make certain when you’re using the saw fence that your cut will be square.
■ Note A good way to ensure that a cut part will be square is to simply measure before cutting. Measure the
distance from the front of the saw blade to the fence. Then measure from the back of the saw blade to the fence.
Check to be sure that both measurements are the same. If they are, then your fence is square. If not, then at least
you know about the problem before making a cut.
Some of the parts used in the 3DP have a matching component (such as a left side and a right side
piece), and a table saw with a cutting fence will allow you to cut duplicate parts with matching
dimensions easily. Once you set the distance between the fence and the blade, you can be reasonably
confident that a second piece will match the first piece in at least one dimension (length or width).
Are there options if you don’t have access to a table saw? Yes. You can use a circular saw with the
proper type of cutting blade (for plywood) like the one in Figure 2-2. Make certain that you clamp a level
or other straight edge to the piece that you plan to cut to guide the circular saw. And if you’re not
completely familiar with circular saws, you should know that the best way to cut with them is to use a
pair of saw horses, otherwise you cut into any material beneath the piece you’re cutting.
CHAPTER 2 ■ HARDWARE AND TOOLS
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■ Note You can also lay a sheet of foam insulation underneath a piece that you plan to cut using a circular saw.
You can read more about this method at www.woodworkingtips.com/etips/etip010810sn.html.
Figure 2-2. A circular saw will help with cutting individual parts.
Keep in mind, however, that a circular saw or table saw won’t be helpful with cutting some of the
smaller, more detailed parts like the indentations seen on the building plan sheet in Figure 2-3. For the
notches that are cut into a piece, you’ll need a different tool.
CHAPTER 1 ■ CHAPTER TITLE GOES HERE
11
Figure 2-3. Some parts have cuts that can’t be made by table saws or circular saws.
Bandsaw or Scroll saw
A bandsaw or scroll saw (see Figure 2-4) can be useful tools to have but are by no means required. They
are helpful in making intricate cuts such as inside corners. They are also helpful in cutting notches
because bandsaws and scroll saws give the straight up and down cuts that you need for that purpose.
CHAPTER 2 ■ HARDWARE AND TOOLS
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Figure 2-4. A bandsaw or scroll saw can be useful for cutting ninety degree corners.
If you examine the building plans, you’ll notice that parts cut do not have curves and angles; all cuts
are right angle cuts. Some of those cuts (like the one seen in Figure 2-3) can be a bit tricky, and that’s
where a bandsaw comes in. Its small blade can get into corners and handle notches. But even a
bandsaw or scroll saw has limits: because of the way the blade cuts and how you feed the piece into the
blade, you’ll be forced to curve the piece as the blade moves toward a corner. This will result in a small
curve instead of a sharp ninety degree corner. If you look at the building plans in Figure 2-5, you can see
that the notch has a crisp ninety degree corner.
.
Figure 2-5. The building plan shows notches with crisp ninety degree corners.
CHAPTER 1 ■ CHAPTER TITLE GOES HERE
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But take a look at the actual notch made with a bandsaw in Figure 2-6. See how the corner has a
slight curve to it? In order to remove that curve and get a tight ninety-degree corner, you’ll have to make
many cuts (passes) to carve out the waste material until you achieve the ninety-degree corner.
Figure 2-6. A bandsaw can cut ninety degree corners after multiple passes.
So if a bandsaw or scroll saw can’t cut a sharp ninety degree corner in one pass, how do you fix this
issue? There are a few options. The first is that for some of the notches, having a perfect ninety degree
corner simply doesn’t matter. When it does matter, you can use something like a scroll saw (also known
as a sabre saw or jigsaw), as seen in Figure 2-7.
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