Pro C# 7与.NET和.NET Core实战指南

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"Andrew Troelsen 的《Pro C# 7 with .NET and .NET Core》第八版，由 Apress 出版于2017年，是C#编程和.NET及.NET Core开发的重要参考资料。该书由 Andrew Troelsen 和 Philip Japikse 合著，涵盖了C# 7的新特性以及.NET和.NET Core框架的关键概念和技术。" 这本书深入探讨了C#语言的最新版本——C# 7，它引入了许多新的特性和改进，如本地异步方法、模式匹配、ref结构体返回、out变量声明、空条件运算符以及更多增强的类型安全特性。这些变化旨在提高代码的简洁性和效率，同时保持与早期版本的向后兼容性。在.NET和.NET Core方面，这本书详细阐述了这两个框架之间的差异和共性。.NET Core是微软推出的开源、跨平台的开发框架，它强调轻量级和高性能，支持Windows、Linux和macOS等操作系统。书中可能涵盖了如何使用.NET Core SDK创建、构建和部署应用程序，以及如何利用.NET Core的依赖注入、命令行工具和跨平台支持。此外，作者可能讲解了ASP.NET Core，这是.NET Core的一部分，用于构建高性能的Web应用。ASP.NET Core引入了模块化架构，允许开发者按需选择组件，降低了应用的大小和复杂性。书中的内容可能包括路由、中间件、MVC（模型-视图-控制器）设计模式以及与数据库交互的Entity Framework Core。本书还可能涵盖测试驱动开发(TDD)和持续集成(CI)的概念，这对于现代软件工程实践至关重要。TDD通过编写测试来指导功能的实现，而CI则确保每次代码更改后都能自动构建和测试项目，从而尽早发现潜在问题。除此之外，读者还能学习到关于并发、多线程和异步编程的知识，这些都是现代多核处理器环境下优化性能的关键技术。书中的示例和练习将帮助读者理解和应用这些概念，提升他们的编程技能。《Pro C# 7 with .NET and .NET Core》是C#开发者深入了解和掌握C# 7、.NET和.NET Core的宝贵资源，无论是对新手还是经验丰富的开发者来说，都是一本不可或缺的参考书籍。

■ Contents

xviii

Understanding C# Events ............................................................................................. 384

The C# event Keyword ........................................................................................................................386

Events Under the Hood ....................................................................................................................... 387

Listening to Incoming Events..............................................................................................................388

Simplifying Event Registration Using Visual Studio ............................................................................ 389

Cleaning Up Event Invocation Using the C# 6.0 Null-Conditional Operator ........................................ 391

Creating Custom Event Arguments ..................................................................................................... 392

The Generic EventHandler<T> Delegate ............................................................................................ 393

Understanding C# Anonymous Methods ...................................................................... 394

Accessing Local Variables ..................................................................................................................396

Understanding Lambda Expressions ............................................................................ 397

Dissecting a Lambda Expression ........................................................................................................400

Processing Arguments Within Multiple Statements ............................................................................ 401

Lambda Expressions with Multiple (or Zero) Parameters ...................................................................403

Retroﬁtting the CarEvents Example Using Lambda Expressions ........................................................ 404

Lambdas and Expression-Bodied Members (Updated) .......................................................................404

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 406

■Chapter 11: Advanced C# Language Features �� 407

Understanding Indexer Methods .................................................................................. 407

Indexing Data Using String Values ...................................................................................................... 409

Overloading Indexer Methods .............................................................................................................411

Indexers with Multiple Dimensions ....................................................................................................411

Indexer Deﬁnitions on Interface Types ................................................................................................ 412

Understanding Operator Overloading ........................................................................... 412

Overloading Binary Operators ............................................................................................................. 413

And What of the += and –= Operators? ............................................................................................. 416

Overloading Unary Operators.............................................................................................................. 416

Overloading Equality Operators .......................................................................................................... 417

Overloading Comparison Operators ....................................................................................................418

Final Thoughts Regarding Operator Overloading ................................................................................ 418

■ Contents

xix

Understanding Custom Type Conversions .................................................................... 419

Recall: Numerical Conversions ........................................................................................................... 419

Recall: Conversions Among Related Class Types ................................................................................ 419

Creating Custom Conversion Routines ...............................................................................................420

Additional Explicit Conversions for the Square Type........................................................................... 423

Deﬁning Implicit Conversion Routines ................................................................................................ 424

Understanding Extension Methods ............................................................................... 425

Deﬁning Extension Methods ............................................................................................................... 426

Invoking Extension Methods ............................................................................................................... 427

Importing Extension Methods ............................................................................................................. 428

The IntelliSense of Extension Methods ............................................................................................... 428

Extending Types Implementing Speciﬁc Interfaces ............................................................................ 429

Understanding Anonymous Types ................................................................................ 431

Deﬁning an Anonymous Type .............................................................................................................. 431

The Internal Representation of Anonymous Types .............................................................................. 432

The Implementation of ToString() and GetHashCode() ........................................................................ 434

The Semantics of Equality for Anonymous Types ............................................................................... 434

Anonymous Types Containing Anonymous Types ............................................................................... 436

Working with Pointer Types .......................................................................................... 436

The unsafe Keyword ........................................................................................................................... 438

Working with the * and & Operators ................................................................................................... 440

An Unsafe (and Safe) Swap Function .................................................................................................441

Field Access via Pointers (the -> Operator) ........................................................................................442

The stackalloc Keyword ......................................................................................................................442

Pinning a Type via the ﬁxed Keyword ................................................................................................. 443

The sizeof Keyword ............................................................................................................................444

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 444

■Chapter 12: LINQ to Objects �� 445

LINQ-Speciﬁc Programming Constructs ....................................................................... 445

Implicit Typing of Local Variables .......................................................................................................446

Object and Collection Initialization Syntax.......................................................................................... 446

■ Contents

Lambda Expressions ...........................................................................................................................447

Extension Methods ............................................................................................................................. 448

Anonymous Types ............................................................................................................................... 449

Understanding the Role of LINQ ................................................................................... 449

LINQ Expressions Are Strongly Typed ................................................................................................. 450

The Core LINQ Assemblies .................................................................................................................. 450

Applying LINQ Queries to Primitive Arrays ................................................................... 451

Once Again, Using Extension Methods ............................................................................................... 453

Once Again, Without LINQ ................................................................................................................... 453

Reﬂecting Over a LINQ Result Set ...................................................................................................... 454

LINQ and Implicitly Typed Local Variables .......................................................................................... 455

LINQ and Extension Methods .............................................................................................................. 457

The Role of Deferred Execution ..........................................................................................................458

The Role of Immediate Execution ....................................................................................................... 459

Returning the Result of a LINQ Query ........................................................................... 460

Returning LINQ Results via Immediate Execution .............................................................................. 461

Applying LINQ Queries to Collection Objects ................................................................ 462

Accessing Contained Subobjects ....................................................................................................... 462

Applying LINQ Queries to Nongeneric Collections .............................................................................. 463

Filtering Data Using OfType<T>( ) ...................................................................................................... 464

Investigating the C# LINQ Query Operators .................................................................. 465

Basic Selection Syntax ....................................................................................................................... 466

Obtaining Subsets of Data .................................................................................................................. 467

Projecting New Data Types ................................................................................................................. 468

Obtaining Counts Using Enumerable ..................................................................................................469

Reversing Result Sets ......................................................................................................................... 470

Sorting Expressions ............................................................................................................................470

LINQ As a Better Venn Diagramming Tool ........................................................................................... 471

Removing Duplicates ..........................................................................................................................472

LINQ Aggregation Operations .............................................................................................................. 472

■ Contents

xxi

The Internal Representation of LINQ Query Statements ............................................... 473

Building Query Expressions with Query Operators (Revisited) ........................................................... 474

Building Query Expressions Using the Enumerable Type and Lambda Expressions ........................... 474

Building Query Expressions Using the Enumerable Type and Anonymous Methods ..........................476

Building Query Expressions Using the Enumerable Type and Raw Delegates .................................... 476

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 478

■Chapter 13: Understanding Object Lifetime �� 479

Classes, Objects, and References ................................................................................ 479

The Basics of Object Lifetime ....................................................................................... 480

The CIL of new .................................................................................................................................... 481

Setting Object References to null ....................................................................................................... 483

The Role of Application Roots ....................................................................................... 483

Understanding Object Generations ............................................................................... 485

Concurrent Garbage Collection Prior to .NET 4.0.......................................................... 486

Background Garbage Collection Under .NET 4.0 and Beyond ...................................... 487

The System.GC Type ..................................................................................................... 487

Forcing a Garbage Collection ..............................................................................................................488

Building Finalizable Objects ......................................................................................... 491

Overriding System.Object.Finalize() .................................................................................................... 492

Detailing the Finalization Process ...................................................................................................... 494

Building Disposable Objects ......................................................................................... 494

Reusing the C# using Keyword ...........................................................................................................497

Building Finalizable and Disposable Types ................................................................... 498

A Formalized Disposal Pattern ........................................................................................................... 499

Understanding Lazy Object Instantiation ...................................................................... 501

Customizing the Creation of the Lazy Data .........................................................................................504

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 505

■ Contents

xxii

■Part V: Programming with �NET Assemblies �� 507

■Chapter 14: Building and Conﬁguring Class Libraries �� 509

Deﬁning Custom Namespaces ..................................................................................... 509

Resolving Name Clashes with Fully Qualiﬁed Names ........................................................................ 511

Resolving Name Clashes with Aliases ................................................................................................ 513

Creating Nested Namespaces ............................................................................................................514

The Default Namespace of Visual Studio ............................................................................................ 515

The Role of .NET Assemblies ........................................................................................ 516

Assemblies Promote Code Reuse ....................................................................................................... 517

Assemblies Establish a Type Boundary .............................................................................................. 517

Assemblies Are Versionable Units ...................................................................................................... 517

Assemblies Are Self-Describing ......................................................................................................... 517

Assemblies Are Conﬁgurable .............................................................................................................. 518

Understanding the Format of a .NET Assembly ............................................................ 518

The Windows File Header ...................................................................................................................518

The CLR File Header ........................................................................................................................... 520

CIL Code, Type Metadata, and the Assembly Manifest ........................................................................ 520

Optional Assembly Resources ............................................................................................................ 521

Building and Consuming Custom Class Library ............................................................ 521

Exploring the Manifest ........................................................................................................................ 524

Exploring the CIL ................................................................................................................................. 527

Exploring the Type Metadata .............................................................................................................. 528

Building a C# Client Application .......................................................................................................... 529

Building a Visual Basic Client Application ........................................................................................... 530

Cross-Language Inheritance in Action ................................................................................................ 532

Understanding Private Assemblies ............................................................................... 533

The Identity of a Private Assembly ..................................................................................................... 533

Understanding the Probing Process ................................................................................................... 533

Conﬁguring Private Assemblies .......................................................................................................... 534

The Role of the App.Conﬁg File ...........................................................................................................536

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