SAPHANA数据库SQL参考手册

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"HANA SQL Script Guide.pdf - 一本关于SAPHANA数据库SQL脚本的指南，面向顾问、管理员和SAPHANA硬件合作伙伴，由SAP AG出版，包含SAPHANA数据库SQL参考手册，适用于SPS03版本。文档中可能包含其他软件供应商的专有软件组件，版权归属SAP AG和Sybase Inc.，未经许可不得复制或传播。" 在SAPHANA SQL Script Guide中，主要探讨了以下关键知识点： 1. **SAPHANA数据库基础**：SAPHANA是一个内存计算平台，设计用于处理大规模数据，并提供实时分析。它通过将数据存储在内存中，实现了极快的数据处理速度，特别适合实时业务智能和大数据应用场景。 2. **SQLScript介绍**：SQLScript是SAPHANA中的一个强大工具，允许开发人员编写复杂的数据处理脚本，类似于传统的存储过程。SQLScript结合了SQL的查询功能和PL/SQL的编程特性，可以执行一系列操作，如数据操纵、事务控制、流程控制等。 3. **SQL参考手册**：该手册详细介绍了SAPHANA支持的标准SQL语法和扩展，包括SELECT语句、JOIN操作、聚合函数、子查询、窗口函数等。同时，还涵盖了针对SAPHANA优化的特定SQL命令和函数。 4. **SPS03版本特性**：SPS（Service Pack Stack）是SAPHANA的更新版本，SPS03可能包含了性能改进、新功能和bug修复。学习这个版本的SQLScript指南可以帮助用户了解在该版本中如何最佳地利用SQLScript。 5. **SAPHANA的管理与配置**：对于管理员来说，了解如何管理和配置SAPHANA环境以支持SQLScript的执行至关重要。这可能包括数据库的维护、性能调优、权限管理以及错误排查等。 6. **SAPHANA与硬件合作伙伴**：SAPHANA硬件合作伙伴需要理解如何与SAPHANA集成，确保硬件平台能够满足SAPHANA的高性能需求，如内存配置、I/O优化等。 7. **知识产权和法律条款**：文档中强调了所有内容的版权归属，未经许可不得复制或传播，同时也提到了第三方软件的版权信息，比如Sybase的产品和服务。 8. **商标和品牌**：书中列出的商标和品牌信息，例如Microsoft、Windows、Excel等，都属于其各自的所有者，显示了SAPHANA在不同技术领域内的集成和合作关系。学习SAPHANA SQL Script Guide将帮助读者深入理解如何在SAPHANA平台上高效地使用SQLScript进行数据操作和处理，对于SAPHANA的实施、优化和管理具有很高的实践价值。

SAP HANA Database: SQL Reference Manual

When you use the FLOAT(n) data type, if n is smaller than 25, it becomes a 32-bit REAL data

type. If n is greater than or equal to 25, it then becomes a 64-bit DOUBLE data type. If n is

not declared, it becomes a 64-bit double data type by default.

Character String Types

The character string data types are used to store values that contain character strings. While

VARCHAR data types contain ASCII character strings, NVARCHAR are used for storing Unicode

character strings.

 VARCHAR

The VARCHAR(n) data type specifies a variable-length ASCII character string, where n

indicates the maximum length and is an integer between 1 and 5000.

 NVARCHAR

The NVARCHAR(n) data type specifies a variable-length Unicode character set string, where

n indicates the maximum length and is an integer between 1 and 5000.

 ALPHANUM

The ALPHANUM(n) data type specifies a variable-length character string which contains

alpha-numeric characters, where n indicates the maximum length and is an integer between 1

and 127.

Binary Types

Binary types are used to store bytes of binary data.

 VARBINARY

The VARBINARY(n) data type is used to store binary data of a specified maximum length in

bytes, where n indicates the maximum length and is an integer between 1 and 5000.

Large Object (LOB) Types

LOB (large objects) data types, CLOB, NCLOB and BLOB, are used to store a large amount of data

such as text documents and images. The maximum size of an LOB is 2 GB.

 BLOB

The BLOB data type is used to store large binary data.

 CLOB

The CLOB data type is used to store large ASCII character data.

 NCLOB

The NCLOB data type is used to store a large Unicode character object.

LOB types are provided for storing and retrieving such large data. LOB types support the following

operations.

 The length () function returns the LOB length in bytes.

 LIKE can be used to search LOB columns.

The LOB types have the following restrictions:

 LOB columns cannot appear in ORDER BY or GROUP BY clauses.

 LOB columns cannot appear in FROM clauses as a join predicate.

 LOB columns cannot appear in WHERE clauses as a predicate except LIKE, CONTAINS, =, or

<>.

 LOB columns cannot appear in SELECT clauses as an aggregate function argument.

 LOB columns cannot appear in SELECT DISTINCT clauses.

 LOB columns cannot be used in set operations such as EXCEPT. UNION ALL is an exception.

 LOB columns cannot be used as a primary key.

SAP HANA Database: SQL Reference Manual

Format

Description

Example

MON

Abbreviated month name (JAN - DEC)

TO_CHAR(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,‘MON‘)

MONTH

Full month name (JANUARY - DECEMBER)

TO_CHAR(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,‘MONTH‘)

Roman numeral month (I – XII; I is for

January)

TO_CHAR(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,‘RM‘)

Quarter of year (1, 2, 3, 4)

TO_CHAR(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,‘Q‘)

Week of month (1-5).

TO_CHAR(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,‘W‘)

Week of year (1-53).

TO_CHAR(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,‘WW‘)

Data Type Conversion

This section describes the data type conversion allowed in SAP HANA Database.

 Explicit type conversion

The type of an expression result, for example a field reference, a function on fields, or literals

can be converted using the following functions:

CAST, TO_ALPHANUM, TO_BIGINT, TO_VARBINARY, TO_BLOB, TO_CLOB, TO_DATE, TO_DATS,

TO_DECIMAL, TO_DOUBLE, TO_INTEGER, TO_INT, TO_NCLOB, TO_NVARCHAR, TO_REAL,

TO_SECONDDATE, TO_SMALLINT, TO_TINYINT, TO_TIME, TO_TIMESTAMP, TO_VARCHAR.

 Implicit type conversion

When a given set of operand/argument types does not match what an operator/function

expects, type conversion is carried out by the SAP HANA Database. This conversion only

occurs if a relevant conversion is available and it makes the operation/function executable. For

instance, a comparison of BIGINT and VARCHAR is performed by implicitly converting

VARCHAR to BIGINT. The entire explicit conversions can be used for implicit conversion except

for the TIME and TIMESTAMP data types. TIME and TIMESTAMP can be converted to each

other using TO_TIME(TIMESTAMP) and TO_TIMESTAMP(TIME).

 Sample examples

Table 8. Implicit Type conversion Examples

Input Expression

Transformed Expression with Implicit Conversion

BIGINT > VARCHAR

BIGINT > BIGINT(VARCHAR)

BIGINT > DECIMAL

DECIMAL(BIGINT) > DECIMAL

TIMESTAMP > DATE

TIMESTAMP > TIMESTAMP(DATE)

DATE > TIME

Error because there is no conversion available between DATE and TIME

In the table below,

 Boxes with ―OK‖ mean data type conversions are allowed without any checks.

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