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首页华为HCIE-R&S备考资料:深入解析STP、RSTP与MSTP
华为HCIE-R&S备考资料:深入解析STP、RSTP与MSTP
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更新于2024-07-20
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华为HCIE-R&S的学习备考资料是一份详尽的教材,针对二层技术进行了深入讲解。该资料由专业的大牛原创,共2449页,旨在帮助考生系统地准备华为认证考试。章节内容覆盖了STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) 和 RSTP ( Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) 的基础理论、配置实践以及MSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol) 的高级特性。
在第一部分,1.1节详细介绍了STP,包括其出现的背景,基本概念如根桥、度量、选举三要素及端口状态。学习者能够理解STP报文格式,包括配置BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) 和 TCNBPDU (Topology Change Notification BPDU),以及STP算法的实现流程和拓扑变化处理。RSTP的改进在于缩短收敛时间,对STP的不足进行了优化,并提供了配置示例来展示如何在实际网络环境中应用。
1.2节深入解析了MSTP,讲解了它的原理,如出现背景、网络层次划分(MST域、CST、IST、SST等)、端口角色和状态。MSTP报文格式和发送限制被详细阐述,同时涵盖了CIST和MSTI的计算方法以及对拓扑变化的处理策略。快速收敛机制和MSTP多进程的实现原理也在这一部分介绍,以便考生理解其工作方式。
配置示例部分包括了STP和RSTP的功能配置步骤,以及MSTP的配置和MSTP与VRRP组合组网的实战案例,这些实操练习对于理解和掌握协议在实际网络中的运用至关重要。
1.3节专门探讨了VLAN(Logical Virtual Local Area Network),包括基本概念和帧格式,这对于理解二层网络的分段和通信至关重要。
这份资料不仅包含了丰富的理论知识,还通过实例和配置示例,使学习者能够在实践中巩固和深化对华为二层网络技术的理解,是备考HCIE-R&S认证的宝贵参考资料。
配置过程
.............................................................................................................................................................. 813
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 817
3.2
RIP
NG
.................................................................................................................. 820
3.2.1
RIPng
的特性
.................................................................................................................820
RIPng
与
RIP
的差异
.......................................................................................................................................... 820
3.2.2
配置
RIPng
的基本功能示例
.......................................................................................820
组网要求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 820
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 820
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 821
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 822
3.3
OSPF
V
3 ............................................................................................................... 823
3.3.1
OSPFv3
基本原理
.........................................................................................................823
OSPFv3
报文类型
............................................................................................................................................... 824
LSA
类型
............................................................................................................................................................. 824
设备类型
.............................................................................................................................................................. 824
OSPFv3
路由类型
............................................................................................................................................... 825
区域类型
.............................................................................................................................................................. 826
OSPFv3
支持的网络类型
.................................................................................................................................. 826
Stub
区域
.............................................................................................................................................................. 827
OSPFv3
路由聚合
............................................................................................................................................... 827
OSPFv3
虚连接
................................................................................................................................................... 827
OSPFv3
多进程
................................................................................................................................................... 828
3.3.2
OSPFv3 GR ....................................................................................................................828
基本概念
.............................................................................................................................................................. 828
GR
过程
............................................................................................................................................................... 829
有无
GR
技术的比较
.......................................................................................................................................... 830
3.3.3
OSPFv3
与
BGP
联动
...................................................................................................831
OSPFv3
与
BGP
联动过程
................................................................................................................................ 832
3.3.4
OSPFv3
和
OSPFv2
协议比较
.....................................................................................832
3.3.5
配置
OSPFv3
区域示例
................................................................................................834
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 834
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 834
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 834
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 837
3.3.6
配置
OSPFv3
的
DR
选择示例
....................................................................................839
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 839
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 840
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 840
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 842
3.4
MP-BGP .............................................................................................................. 844
3.4.1
MP-BGP .........................................................................................................................844
扩展属性
.............................................................................................................................................................. 844
地址族
.................................................................................................................................................................. 844
3.4.2
配置
BGP4+
基本功能示例
..........................................................................................845
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 845
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 845
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 845
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 847
3.4.3
配置
BGP4+
路由反射示例
..........................................................................................849
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 849
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 849
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 849
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 852
第四章
MPLS VPN .......................................................................... 855
4.1
MPLS
基础
......................................................................................................... 855
4.1.1
MPLS
基本结构
............................................................................................................855
网络结构
.............................................................................................................................................................. 855
体系结构
.............................................................................................................................................................. 856
4.1.2
MPLS
标签
.....................................................................................................................857
转发等价类
.......................................................................................................................................................... 857
标签
...................................................................................................................................................................... 857
标签空间
.............................................................................................................................................................. 857
标签栈
.................................................................................................................................................................. 858
标签操作类型
...................................................................................................................................................... 858
4.1.3
LSP
的建立
....................................................................................................................859
LSP
的基本建立过程
......................................................................................................................................... 859
静态
LSP
的建立
................................................................................................................................................ 859
动态
LSP
的建立
................................................................................................................................................ 859
4.1.4
MPLS
转发
.....................................................................................................................860
MPLS
报文的基本转发原理
............................................................................................................................. 860
MPLS
详细转发过程
.......................................................................................................................................... 860
4.1.5
MPLS
对
TTL
的处理
...................................................................................................862
MPLS
对
TTL
的处理模式
................................................................................................................................ 862
ICMP
响应报文
................................................................................................................................................... 863
4.1.6
MPLS QoS
的实现
........................................................................................................863
MPLS DiffServ .................................................................................................................................................... 863
MPLS DiffServ
的隧道化模式
.......................................................................................................................... 864
4.1.7
MPLS Ping/MPLS Tracert ............................................................................................864
介绍
...................................................................................................................................................................... 864
MPLS Ping ........................................................................................................................................................... 865
MPLS Tracert ....................................................................................................................................................... 865
4.1.8
配置静态
LSP
示例
.......................................................................................................866
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 866
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 866
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 866
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 872
4.1.9
配置静态
BFD
检测静态
LSP
示例
............................................................................874
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 874
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 875
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 875
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 881
4.2
MPLS
LDP .......................................................................................................... 884
4.2.1
LDP
基本概念
...............................................................................................................884
LDP
邻接体
......................................................................................................................................................... 884
LDP
对等体
......................................................................................................................................................... 884
LDP
会话
............................................................................................................................................................. 884
LDP
消息类型
..................................................................................................................................................... 885
标签空间
.............................................................................................................................................................. 885
LDP
标识符
......................................................................................................................................................... 886
4.2.2
LDP
工作机制
...............................................................................................................886
LDP
会话
............................................................................................................................................................. 886
标签的发布和管理
............................................................................................................................................. 887
4.2.3
LDP
标签过滤机制
.......................................................................................................890
LDP Outbound
策略
............................................................................................................................................ 890
LDP Inbound
策略
............................................................................................................................................... 890
4.2.4
LDP
与静态路由联动
...................................................................................................891
4.2.5
LDP
与
IGP
联动
...........................................................................................................891
产生背景
.............................................................................................................................................................. 891
相关概念
.............................................................................................................................................................. 892
实现过程
.............................................................................................................................................................. 892
4.2.6
BFD for LSP...................................................................................................................893
实现机制
.............................................................................................................................................................. 893
BFD
会话的建立
................................................................................................................................................. 893
4.2.7
LDP FRR ........................................................................................................................894
应用场景
.............................................................................................................................................................. 895
4.2.8
LDP GR ..........................................................................................................................895
4.2.9
LDP NSR ........................................................................................................................896
4.2.10
LDP
安全机制
...............................................................................................................897
LDP
报文
MD5
验证
.......................................................................................................................................... 897
LDP
报文
Keychain
验证
................................................................................................................................... 897
LDP GTSM .......................................................................................................................................................... 897
4.2.11
LDP
跨域扩展
...............................................................................................................898
4.2.12
配置
LDP
本地会话示例
..............................................................................................899
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 899
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 899
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 899
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 901
4.2.13
配置远端
LDP
会话示例
..............................................................................................903
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 903
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 903
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 903
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 905
4.2.14
配置
LDP
自动触发
DoD
请求功能示例
...................................................................907
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 907
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 907
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 907
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 912
4.2.15
配置
LSP
建立的触发策略示例
..................................................................................914
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 914
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 915
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 915
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 916
4.2.16
配置
Transit LSP
建立的触发策略示例
.....................................................................918
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 918
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 918
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 918
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 921
4.2.17
配置
PWE3
策略示例
...................................................................................................923
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 923
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 924
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 924
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 930
4.2.18
配置静态
BFD
检测
LDP LSP
示例
...........................................................................933
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 933
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 933
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 934
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 938
4.2.19
配置动态
BFD
检测
LDP LSP
示例
...........................................................................941
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 941
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 941
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 941
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 944
4.2.20
配置
LDP
和静态路由同步示例
.................................................................................946
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 946
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 947
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 947
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 950
4.2.21
配置
LDP
与
IGP
联动示例
.........................................................................................953
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 953
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 953
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 953
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 957
4.2.22
配置
LDP GR
示例
........................................................................................................960
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 960
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 960
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 961
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 962
4.2.23
配置
Manual LDP FRR
示例
........................................................................................964
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 964
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 965
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 965
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 968
4.2.24
配置
LDP Auto FRR
示例
............................................................................................971
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 971
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 971
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 971
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 977
4.2.25
配置
LDP Inbound
策略示例
.......................................................................................980
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 980
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 980
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 980
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 983
4.2.26
配置
LDP Outbound
策略示例
....................................................................................985
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 985
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 985
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 986
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 988
4.2.27
配置
LDP GTSM
示例
..................................................................................................990
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 990
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 991
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 991
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 992
4.2.28
配置
LDP
跨域扩展示例
..............................................................................................994
组网需求
.............................................................................................................................................................. 994
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................. 994
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................. 994
配置文件
.............................................................................................................................................................. 999
4.3
BGP/MPLS
IP
VPN .......................................................................................... 1002
4.3.1
基本概念
......................................................................................................................1002
Site ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1002
地址空间重叠
.................................................................................................................................................... 1003
VPN
实例
........................................................................................................................................................... 1003
RD
和
VPN-IPv4
地址
...................................................................................................................................... 1004
VPN Target ......................................................................................................................................................... 1005
4.3.2
基本原理
......................................................................................................................1005
私网标签分配
.................................................................................................................................................... 1006
私网路由交叉
.................................................................................................................................................... 1006
公网隧道迭代
.................................................................................................................................................... 1006
私网路由的选择规则
....................................................................................................................................... 1006
BGP/MPLS IP VPN
的路由发布
..................................................................................................................... 1007
BGP/MPLS IP VPN
的报文转发
..................................................................................................................... 1008
4.3.3
基本组网
......................................................................................................................1009
Intranet VPN ...................................................................................................................................................... 1009
Extranet VPN ..................................................................................................................................................... 1010
Hub and Spoke ................................................................................................................................................... 1011
4.3.4
VPN FRR...................................................................................................................... 1011
产生背景
............................................................................................................................................................ 1011
实现原理
............................................................................................................................................................ 1012
4.3.5
VPN GR ........................................................................................................................1013
概述
.................................................................................................................................................................... 1013
实现前提
............................................................................................................................................................ 1013
实现过程
............................................................................................................................................................ 1013
4.3.6
VPN NSR .....................................................................................................................1014
4.3.7
配置
BGP/MPLS IP VPN
示例
..................................................................................1014
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1014
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1015
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1015
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1024
4.3.8
配置
BGP/MPLS IP VPN
地址空间重叠示例
.........................................................1029
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1029
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1029
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1030
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1037
4.3.9
配置本地
VPN
互访示例
...........................................................................................1041
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1041
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1042
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1042
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1044
4.3.10
配置
Hub and Spoke
示例
..........................................................................................1046
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1046
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1046
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1047
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1052
4.3.11
配置
Multi-VPN-Instance CE
示例
...........................................................................1057
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1057
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1058
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1058
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1065
4.3.12
配置
VPN
报文策略路由到
LSP
示例
.....................................................................1071
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1071
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1072
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1072
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1074
4.3.13
配置
HoVPN
示例
.......................................................................................................1079
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1079
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1079
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1080
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1085
4.3.14
配置
OSPF
伪连接示例
..............................................................................................1089
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1089
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1090
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1090
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1098
4.3.15
置
BGP AS
号替换示例
.............................................................................................. 1103
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1103
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1103
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1104
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1107
4.3.16
配置
CE
双归属示例
.................................................................................................. 1111
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................. 1111
配置思路
.............................................................................................................................................................1112
操作步骤
.............................................................................................................................................................1112
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1122
4.3.17
配置
VPN FRR
示例
................................................................................................... 1129
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1129
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1129
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1129
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1135
4.3.18
配置私网
IP FRR
示例
............................................................................................... 1140
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1140
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1140
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1140
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1144
4.3.19
配置双反射器优化
VPN
骨干层示例
...................................................................... 1146
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1146
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1147
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1147
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1153
4.3.20
配置
VPN
与
Internet
互联示例
................................................................................ 1159
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1159
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1160
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1160
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1165
4.3.21
配置应用于
L3VPN
的隧道策略示例
...................................................................... 1169
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1169
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1170
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1170
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1179
4.3.22
配置
MCE IPv6
示例
.................................................................................................. 1185
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1185
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1186
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1186
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1191
4.3.23
配置基本
BGP/MPLS IPv6 VPN
示例
..................................................................... 1199
组网需求
............................................................................................................................................................ 1199
配置思路
............................................................................................................................................................ 1199
操作步骤
............................................................................................................................................................ 1199
配置文件
............................................................................................................................................................ 1208
4.3.24
配置
Hub&Spoke
示例(
PE
与
CE
间使用
BGP4+
)
...........................................1215
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