C# 6.0精要第六版——权威指南

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"C#6.0 in a Nutshell 第6版是Joseph Albahari和Ben Albahari合著的一本经典教材，详细介绍了C#语言的原理和实践。本书覆盖了.NET Framework 4.6以及Roslyn编译器，旨在为中级和高级程序员提供C#和.NET的全面知识。它被广泛认为是C#编程领域的权威参考书。" 在C#6.0的版本中，语言有了显著的扩展和增强，这本书详细地探讨了这些变化和新增特性。对于初学者和有经验的开发者来说，它都是学习C#最新技术的重要资源。作者Albahari兄弟以其深入浅出的解释和实例，帮助读者理解C#的基础知识，例如语法、变量，以及更复杂的主题，如属性（Properties）、接口（Interfaces）、委托（Delegates）、异常处理（Exception Handling）和泛型（Generics）。 C#6.0引入了许多新特性，包括自动属性初始化（Auto-Property Initializers）、默认参数值（Default Method Parameters）、null条件操作符（Null-Conditional Operator, ?）和模式匹配（Pattern Matching）。这些特性极大地提高了代码的简洁性和可读性，减少了错误的可能性。此外，本书还详细讲解了异步编程（Asynchronous Programming）的改进，如async/await关键字，使得编写非阻塞I/O密集型应用变得更加简单。 Roslyn编译器是.NET Framework 4.6中的一个重大创新，它提供了开放源代码的编译API，允许开发者进行编译时的代码分析和修改。这为创建代码生成工具、静态分析器和自定义构建任务提供了前所未有的可能性。书中会介绍如何利用Roslyn进行元编程（Metaprogramming）和编译时代码操作。除了语言特性，本书还涵盖了.NET框架的核心组件，如CLR（Common Language Runtime）的工作原理，以及基础类库（Base Class Library）的使用。读者可以了解到如何有效地利用集合（Collections）、线程管理（Threading）、网络通信（Networking）以及XML和JSON数据处理等实用功能。 "C#6.0 in a Nutshell"提供了关于C#语言和.NET Framework的详尽信息，无论你是想要巩固基础，还是探索高级技术，都能在这本书中找到答案。它是每个C#开发者的必备参考书籍，能够帮助你在编程实践中不断提升和进步。

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xiv | Preface

tance is required (unlike languages such as C++ and Eiffel, C# does not

support multiple inheritance of classes).

Properties, methods, and events

In the pure object-oriented paradigm, all functions are methods (this is the

case in Smalltalk). In C#, methods are only one kind of function member,

which also includes properties and events (there are others, too). Properties

are function members that encapsulate a piece of an object’s state, such as a

button’s color or a label’s text. Events are function members that simplify

acting on object state changes.

While C# is primarily an object-oriented language, it also borrows from the func

tional programming paradigm. Specifically:

Functions can be treated as values

Through the use of delegates, C# allows functions to be passed as values to

and from other functions.

C# supports patterns for purity

Core to functional programming is avoiding the use of variables whose val‐

ues change, in favor of declarative patterns. C# has key features to help with

those patterns, including the ability to write unnamed functions on the fly

that “capture” variables (lambda expressions) and the ability to perform list

or reactive programming via query expressions. C# 6.0 also includes read-

only auto-properties to help with writing immutable (read-only) types.

Type Safety

C# is primarily a type-safe language, meaning that instances of types can interact

only through protocols they define, thereby ensuring each type’s internal consis‐

tency. For instance, C# prevents you from interacting with a string type as though it

were an integer type.

More specifically, C# supports static typing, meaning that the language enforces type

safety at compile time. This is in addition to type safety being enforced at runtime.

Static typing eliminates a large class of errors before a program is even run. It shifts

the burden away from runtime unit tests onto the compiler to verify that all the

types in a program fit together correctly. This makes large programs much easier to

manage, more predictable, and more robust. Furthermore, static typing allows tools

such as IntelliSense in Visual Studio to help you write a program, since it knows for

a given variable what type it is, and hence what methods you can call on that vari‐

able.

C# also allows parts of your code to be dynamically typed via

the dynamic keyword (introduced in C# 4.0). However, C#

remains a predominantly statically typed language.

2 | Chapter 1: Introducing C# and the .NET Framework

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