分布式系统：概念与设计英文第五版

需积分: 10 118 浏览量更新于2024-07-20 1 收藏 6.56MB PDF 举报

"分布式系统概念与设计英文第五版" 《分布式系统：概念与设计》是乔治·科洛里斯、简·多利莫尔、蒂姆·金德伯格和戈登·布莱尔合著的一本经典教材，现已更新至第五版。这本书深入探讨了分布式系统的基础理论、设计原则和实现技术，是IT领域理解和学习分布式系统不可或缺的参考文献。分布式系统是指由多个独立的计算机通过网络进行通信和协作，共同完成一项任务的系统。这一领域涉及的关键概念包括： 1. 分布式计算：书中会详细介绍如何在不同节点之间分配计算任务，以及如何协调节点间的计算结果，确保数据的一致性和完整性。 2. 治理与管理：分布式系统的管理和监控是复杂且至关重要的，包括节点的配置、故障检测与恢复、负载均衡等。 3. 容错与可靠性：由于网络的不稳定性，分布式系统必须具备容错机制，例如冗余备份、心跳检测、故障转移等，以确保服务的高可用性。 4. 数据一致性与复制：分布式系统中的数据一致性问题，如CAP定理（一致性、可用性和分区容错性）和BASE（基本可用、软状态、最终一致）原则，是讨论的重点。 5. 并发控制：在分布式环境中，多个操作可能同时对同一数据进行访问，书中会讲解如何处理并发冲突，确保数据的一致性。 6. 分布式事务：事务的ACID（原子性、一致性、隔离性和持久性）属性在分布式系统中如何实现，以及新兴的柔性事务模型。 7. 网络通信：包括网络协议、消息传递机制，以及如何优化节点间的数据传输。 8. 安全性与隐私：分布式系统中的安全问题，如认证、授权、加密和隐私保护，都是系统设计时需要考虑的重要因素。 9. 分布式算法：书中可能会介绍经典的分布式算法，如选举算法、一致性哈希、Gossip协议等，这些算法是构建高效分布式系统的基础。 10. 实际应用案例：作者可能会用实际的分布式系统，如云计算平台、大数据处理系统、分布式数据库和微服务架构等，来解释和展示这些理论知识。这本第五版的更新可能涵盖了最新的技术和趋势，如云计算、物联网(IoT)、边缘计算和区块链技术，使读者能够跟上分布式系统领域的最新发展。作为一本英文原版教材，它适合对分布式系统有深入研究需求的IT专业人士，包括计算机科学的学生、软件工程师、系统架构师等，帮助他们掌握分布式系统的设计与实现精髓，提升专业技能。

XIV PREFACE

only on the Web. They can be looked up in the reference list at the end of the book, but

the full URLs are given only in an online version of the reference list at the book’s web

site, www.cdk5.net/refs

where they take the form of clickable links. Both versions of the

reference list include a more detailed explanation of this scheme.

Changes relative to the fourth edition

Before embarking on the writing of this new edition, we carried out a survey of teachers

who used the fourth edition. From the results, we identified the new material required

and a number of changes to be made. In addition, we recognized the increasing diversity

of distributed systems, particularly in terms of the range of architectural approaches

available to distributed systems developers today. This required significant changes to

the book, especially in the earlier (foundational) chapters.

Overall, this led to our writing three entirely new chapters, making substantial

changes to a number of other chapters and making numerous insertions throughout the

book to fold in new material. Many of the chapters have been changed to reflect new

information that has become available about the systems described. These changes are

summarized in the table below. To help teachers who have used the fourth edition,

wherever possible we have preserved the structure adopted from the previous edition.

Where material has been removed, we have placed this on our companion web site

together with material removed from previous editions. This includes the case studies

on ATM, interprocess communication in UNIX, CORBA (a shortened version of which

remains in Chapter 8), the Jini distributed events specification and Grid middleware

(featuring OGSA and the Globus toolkit), as well as the chapter on distributed shared

memory (a brief summary of which is now included in Chapter 6).

Some of the chapters in the book, such as the new chapter on indirect

communication (Chapter 6), cover a lot of material. Teachers may elect to cover the

broad spectrum before choosing two or three techniques to examine in more detail (for

example, group communication, given its foundational role, and publish-subscribe or

message queues, given their prevalence in commercial distributed systems).

The chapter ordering has been changed to accommodate the new material and to

reflect changes in the relative importance of certain topics. For a full understanding of

some topics readers may find it necessary to follow a forward reference. For example,

there is material in Chapter 9 on XML security techniques that will make better sense

once the sections that it references in Chapter 11 Security have been absorbed.

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to the following teachers who participated in our survey: Guohong

Cao, Jose Fortes, Bahram Khalili, George Blank, Jinsong Ouyang, JoAnne Holliday,

George K. Thiruvathukal, Joel Wein, Tao Xie and Xiaobo Zhou.

We would like to thank the following people who reviewed the new chapters or

provided other substantial help: Rob Allen, Roberto Baldoni, John Bates, Tom Berson,

Lynne Blair, Geoff Coulson, Paul Grace, Andrew Herbert, David Hutchison, Laurent

Mathy, Rajiv Ramdhany, Richard Sharp, Jean-Bernard Stefani, Rip Sohan, Francois

XVI PREFACE

Taiani, Peter Triantafillou, Gareth Tyson and the late Sir Maurice Wilkes. We would

also like to thank the staff at Google who provided insights into the design rationale for

Google Infrastructure, namely: Mike Burrows, Tushar Chandra, Walfredo Cirne, Jeff

Dean, Sanjay Ghemawat, Andrea Kirmse and John Reumann.

Our copy editor, Rachel Head also provided outstanding support.

Web site

As before, we continue to maintain a web site with a wide range of material designed to

assist teachers and readers. This web site can be accessed via the URL:

www.cdk5.net

The web site includes:

Instructor’s Guide: We provide supporting material for teachers comprising:

• complete artwork of the book available as PowerPoint files;

• chapter-by-chapter teaching hints;

• solutions to the exercises, protected by a password available only to teachers.

Reference list: The list of references that can be found at the end of the book is replicated

at the web site. The web version of the reference list includes active links for material

that is available online.

Errata list: A list of known errors in the book is maintained, with corrections. The errors

will be corrected when new impressions are printed and a separate errata list will be

provided for each impression. (Readers are encouraged to report any apparent errors

they encounter to the email address below.)

Supplementary material: We maintain a set of supplementary material for each chapter.

This consists of source code for the programs in the book and relevant reading material

that was present in previous editions of the book but was removed for reasons of space.

References to this supplementary material appear in the book with links such as

www.cdk5.net/ipc

(the URL for supplementary material relating to the Interprocess

Communication chapter). Two entire chapters from the 4th edition are not present in this

one; they can be accessed at the URLs:

CORBA Case Study www.cdk5.net/corba

Distributed Shared Memory www.cdk5.net/dsm

George Coulouris

Jean Dollimore

Tim Kindberg

Gordon Blair

London, Bristol and Lancaster, 2011

authors@cdk5.net

2 CHAPTER 1 CHARACTERIZATION OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

1.1 Introduction

Networks of computers are everywhere. The Internet is one, as are the many networks

of which it is composed. Mobile phone networks, corporate networks, factory networks,

campus networks, home networks, in-car networks – all of these, both separately and in

combination, share the essential characteristics that make them relevant subjects for

study under the heading distributed systems. In this book we aim to explain the

characteristics of networked computers that impact system designers and implementors

and to present the main concepts and techniques that have been developed to help in the

tasks of designing and implementing systems that are based on them.

We define a distributed system as one in which hardware or software components

located at networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions only by

passing messages. This simple definition covers the entire range of systems in which

networked computers can usefully be deployed.

Computers that are connected by a network may be spatially separated by any

distance. They may be on separate continents, in the same building or in the same room.

Our definition of distributed systems has the following significant consequences:

Concurrency: In a network of computers, concurrent program execution is the norm.

I can do my work on my computer while you do your work on yours, sharing

resources such as web pages or files when necessary. The capacity of the system to

handle shared resources can be increased by adding more resources (for example.

computers) to the network. We will describe ways in which this extra capacity can be

usefully deployed at many points in this book. The coordination of concurrently

executing programs that share resources is also an important and recurring topic.

No global clock: When programs need to cooperate they coordinate their actions by

exchanging messages. Close coordination often depends on a shared idea of the time

at which the programs’ actions occur. But it turns out that there are limits to the

accuracy with which the computers in a network can synchronize their clocks – there

is no single global notion of the correct time. This is a direct consequence of the fact

that the only communication is by sending messages through a network. Examples of

these timing problems and solutions to them will be described in Chapter 14.

Independent failures: All computer systems can fail, and it is the responsibility of

system designers to plan for the consequences of possible failures. Distributed systems

can fail in new ways. Faults in the network result in the isolation of the computers that

are connected to it, but that doesn’t mean that they stop running. In fact, the programs

on them may not be able to detect whether the network has failed or has become

unusually slow. Similarly, the failure of a computer, or the unexpected termination of

a program somewhere in the system (a crash), is not immediately made known to the

other components with which it communicates. Each component of the system can fail

independently, leaving the others still running. The consequences of this characteristic

of distributed systems will be a recurring theme throughout the book.

The prime motivation for constructing and using distributed systems stems from a desire

to share resources. The term ‘resource’ is a rather abstract one, but it best characterizes

the range of things that can usefully be shared in a networked computer system. It

剩余1066页未读，继续阅读

周建国

粉丝: 1
资源: 45

分布式系统：概念与设计英文第五版

分布式系统概念与设计-第五版-中文/英文

分布式系统概念与设计(第5版)英文版和中文版.zip

分布式系统：概念与设计（第五版）英文高清版

分布式系统：概念与设计（第五版）

分布式系统概念与设计详解：涵盖操作系统与英文版深度解析

分布式系统——概念和设计 英文版

分布式系统：概念与设计（第5版）英文版

分布式系统：概念与设计详解

分布式系统原理与范型 （第二版）.Tanenbaum 英文版

数据库系统概念课件【配套第五版教材】（完整版）【英文版】

最新资源

分布式系统——概念和设计英文版

分布式系统原理与范型（第二版）.Tanenbaum 英文版