提升生产级性能：Scala实战指南（2016年）

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《Scala高性能编程》(PACKT,2016)是一本深入探索Scala性能技术的专业书籍，由经验丰富的软件工程师Vincent Theron和Michael Diamant共同编著。作者们在高频交易和程序化广告等行业拥有多年经验，他们将读者引入到一个虚构的金融交易公司MV Trading，通过实际业务问题，帮助读者学习如何构建高效、生产级别的Scala应用。本书的核心内容围绕Scala语言的性能优化展开，因为尽管Scala凭借其结合函数式和面向对象编程的特性在生产环境中受到欢迎，但不恰当的使用可能会牺牲性能。作者首先介绍理解性能定义的基础，并在整个过程中密切注意性能，确保读者掌握关键概念。书中涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **JVM应用程序性能分析**：通过开发JMH基准测试和利用Flight Recorder进行性能剖析，读者能学习如何评估和优化Java虚拟机（JVM）应用程序的性能。 2. **Scala语言特性的性能影响**：深入研究Scala语言的不同特性，如懒加载和惰性集合，以及它们在实际场景中的性能表现和权衡。 3. **事件驱动和流处理**：探索如何运用事件 sourcing 技术来提升处理管道中数据流的性能，这对于实时数据处理至关重要。 4. **异步编程**：讲解如何有效地利用Scala的并发和并行特性，以降低延迟，提高吞吐量，实现非阻塞和高效的异步编程。 5. **实战演练**：通过MV Trading公司的具体业务案例，读者将理论知识转化为实际操作，学习如何将学到的技巧应用于解决真实世界的问题。 6. **版权和免责声明**：本书所有内容在未经Packt Publishing书面许可的情况下，不能以任何形式复制、存储或传输。尽管作者和出版社已经尽力确保信息的准确性，但书中提供的信息是无条件销售的，不承担因书中的内容导致的任何直接或间接损失的责任。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅能够提升对Scala语言的理解，还将学会如何利用其功能特性写出既简洁又高效的代码，从而在实际项目中实现生产级的性能优化。无论是对于初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，这都是一本不可多得的Scala性能调优指南。

Preface

[ 5 ]

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The Road to Performance

[ 7 ]

In particular, we will look at the following topics:

Defining performance

Summarizing performance

Collecting measurements

We will also introduce our case study, a fictitious application based on real-world problems

that will help us illustrate techniques and patterns that are presented later.

Defining performance

A performance vocabulary arms you with a way to qualify the type of issues at-hand and

often helps guide you towards a resolution. Particularly when time is of the essence, a

strong intuition and a disciplined strategy are assets to resolve performance problems.

Let's begin by forming a common understanding of the term, performance. This term is

used to qualitatively or quantitatively evaluate the ability to accomplish a goal. The goal at-

hand can vary significantly. However, as a professional software developer, the goal

ultimately links to a business goal. It is paramount to work with your business team to

characterize business domain performance sensitivities. For a consumer-facing shopping

website, agreeing upon the number of concurrent app users and acceptable request

response times is relevant. In a financial trading company, trade latency might be the most

important because speed is a competitive advantage. It is also relevant to keep in mind

nonfunctional requirements, such as “trade executions can never be lost,” because of

industry regulations and external audits. These domain constraints will also impact your

software's performance characteristics. Building a clear and agreed upon picture of the

domain that you operate in is a crucial first step. If you cannot define these constraints, an

acceptable solution cannot be delivered.

Gathering requirements is an involved topic outside the scope of this

book. If you are interested in delving deeper into this topic, we

recommend two books by Gojko Adzic: Impact Mapping: Making a big

impact with software products and projects (h t t p : / / w w w . a m a z o n . c o m / I m p a

c t - M a p p i n g - s o f t w a r e - p r o d u c t s - p r o j e c t s - e b o o k / d p / B 0 0 9 K W D K V A)

and Fifty Quick Ideas to Improve Your User Stories (h t t p : / / w w w . a m a z o n

. c o m / F i f t y - Q u i c k - I d e a s - I m p r o v e - S t o r i e s - e b o o k / d p / B 0 0 O G T 2 U 7

M).

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