Node.js实战指南：专业提示与技巧

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"Node.js Notes for Professionals 是一本专注于Node.js的书籍，提供了丰富的实例和技巧，旨在帮助读者深入理解Node.js。这本书涵盖了从基础到高级的多个主题，包括使用Express框架、调试应用、核心模块、TLS/SSL以及npm包管理等。" Node.js是一种基于Chrome V8引擎的JavaScript运行环境，它允许开发者在服务器端使用JavaScript进行开发。本书"Node.js Notes for Professionals"是学习和提升Node.js技能的理想资源，尤其适合那些希望以实践为导向来深入理解技术的IT专业人员。 1. **Getting started with Node.js**： - **Hello World HTTP server**：介绍如何创建一个简单的HTTP服务器，这是Node.js入门的基础，展示了如何处理HTTP请求和响应。 - **Hello World command line**：通过创建命令行工具，展示Node.js如何处理用户输入并输出结果。 - **Hello World with Express**：利用Express框架创建一个Web应用，Express是Node.js中最流行的Web应用框架，简化了路由和中间件的使用。 2. **Installing and Running Node.js**：指导读者如何在不同操作系统上安装和运行Node.js，以及如何更新和管理Node.js版本。 3. **Debugging Your Node.js Application**：介绍使用内置的调试工具和其他第三方工具，如Visual Studio Code的调试器，以优化代码性能和解决错误。 4. **Core modules**：Node.js的核心模块提供了许多功能，如文件系统操作、网络通信和加密等。书中将详细解释如何使用这些模块。 5. **TLS/SSL Socket: server and client**：讲解如何实现安全的HTTPS通信，包括设置TLS/SSL证书和建立安全连接，这对于构建安全的Web服务至关重要。 6. **npm (Node Package Manager)**： - **Installing packages**：介绍如何使用npm安装第三方库，扩展Node.js的功能。 - **Uninstalling packages**：讨论如何移除不再需要的包。 - **Setting up a package configuration**：说明如何创建`package.json`文件，用于管理和共享项目依赖。 - **Running scripts**：讲解如何定义和运行npm脚本，以自动化构建、测试和部署过程。这本书不仅适合初学者，也对有经验的Node.js开发者有价值，因为它包含了许多专业提示和技巧，可以帮助开发者提高效率，解决问题，并深入理解Node.js的工作原理。通过阅读和实践书中的例子，读者可以逐步提升自己的Node.js技能，成为一名更专业的开发者。

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Editable online example.

Section 1.2: Hello World command line

Node.js can also be used to create command line utilities. The example below reads the ﬁrst argument from the

command line and prints a Hello message.

To run this code on an Unix System:

Create a new ﬁle and paste the code below. The ﬁlename is irrelevant.1.

Make this ﬁle executable with chmod 700 FILE_NAME2.

Run the app with ./APP_NAME David3.

On Windows you do step 1 and run it with node APP_NAME David

#!/usr/bin/env node

'use strict';

The command line arguments are stored in the `process.argv` array,

which has the following structure:

[0] The path of the executable that started the Node.js process

[1] The path to this application

[2-n] the command line arguments

Example: [ '/bin/node', '/path/to/yourscript', 'arg1', 'arg2', ... ]

src: https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_argv

// Store the first argument as username.

var username = process.argv[2];

// Check if the username hasn't been provided.

if (!username) {

// Extract the filename

var appName = process.argv[1].split(require('path').sep).pop();

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// Give the user an example on how to use the app.

console.error('Missing argument! Example: %s YOUR_NAME', appName);

// Exit the app (success: 0, error: 1).

// An error will stop the execution chain. For example:

// ./app.js && ls -> won't execute ls

// ./app.js David && ls -> will execute ls

process.exit(1);

}

// Print the message to the console.

console.log('Hello %s!', username);

Section 1.3: Hello World with Express

The following example uses Express to create an HTTP server listening on port 3000, which responds with "Hello,

World!". Express is a commonly-used web framework that is useful for creating HTTP APIs.

First, create a new folder, e.g. myApp. Go into myApp and make a new JavaScript ﬁle containing the following code

(let's name it hello.js for example). Then install the express module using npm install --save express from the

command line. Refer to this documentation for more information on how to install packages.

// Import the top-level function of express

const express = require('express');

// Creates an Express application using the top-level function

const app = express();

// Define port number as 3000

const port = 3000;

// Routes HTTP GET requests to the specified path "/" with the specified callback function

app.get('/', function(request, response) {

response.send('Hello, World!');

});

// Make the app listen on port 3000

app.listen(port, function() {

console.log('Server listening on http://localhost:' + port);

});

From the command line, run the following command:

node hello.js

Open your browser and navigate to http://localhost:3000 or http://127.0.0.1:3000 to see the response.

For more information about the Express framework, you can check the Web Apps With Express section

Section 1.4: Installing and Running Node.js

To begin, install Node.js on your development computer.

Windows: Navigate to the download page and download/run the installer.

Mac: Navigate to the download page and download/run the installer. Alternatively, you can install Node via

Homebrew using brew install node. Homebrew is a command-line package mananger for Macintosh, and more

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