精通JavaEE7：英文版精华解读

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"本书《JavaEE7精粹》是Arun Gupta的作品，主要针对已有JavaEE经验的开发者，介绍JavaEE7的新特性和功能。对于初学者来说，可能会感到有些困难。此版本为英文版。" JavaEE7，全称为Java Platform, Enterprise Edition 7，是Java开发企业级应用的标准平台之一，由Oracle公司主导并维护。JavaEE7是继JavaEE6之后的一次重大更新，旨在提升开发效率、简化API，并引入对云计算的支持。在JavaEE7中，以下几个核心知识点尤其重要： 1. **WebSocket API**：JavaEE7引入了对WebSocket协议的官方支持，允许建立持久的双向通信通道，极大地提高了实时Web应用程序的性能。 2. **JAX-RS 2.0**：Java API for RESTful Web Services的2.0版本增强了对RESTful服务的支持，新增了Client API，使得客户端调用REST服务更加方便。 3. **JSF 2.2**：JavaServer Faces的2.2版本改进了用户界面组件，增加了对HTML5和CDI（Contexts and Dependency Injection）的支持，提升了用户体验。 4. **JPA 2.1**：Java Persistence API的升级版，增加了对多租户的支持，以及对查询结果缓存和JSON存储的增强，使得数据持久化更为灵活。 5. **EJB 3.2**：Enterprise JavaBeans的3.2版本简化了编程模型，降低了EJB的使用门槛，同时也强化了轻量级和无状态会话bean的特性。 6. **Batch Applications for the Java Platform (JSR 352)**：提供了批量处理的标准API，便于开发大规模数据处理任务。 7. **Concurrency Utilities for Java EE (JSR 236)**：提供了一套用于管理并发任务的API，帮助开发者更好地控制多线程环境下的并发执行。 8. **JASPIC (JSR 356)**：Java Authentication Service Provider Interface for Containers的规范，加强了容器的安全性，允许自定义认证模块。 9. **JSON Processing (JSR 353)**：提供了处理JSON数据的API，使得JavaEE应用能更便捷地处理JSON格式的数据。 10. **Java Message Service 2.0 (JMS 2.0)**：更新了消息传递的API，添加了新的特性如共享订阅和发送时间戳，提高了消息传递的灵活性和效率。通过阅读《JavaEE7精粹》，读者可以深入理解这些新特性的应用场景，提升在企业级项目中的开发能力。不过，由于书籍定位为进阶读物，对于初学者而言，建议先掌握JavaEE基础再进行学习，以免遇到理解上的困难。

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xiv | Preface

The Java EE 7 platform built upon the previous version with three main goals:

Embracing HTML5

The WebSocket protocol, developed as part of the collection of technologies that

make up HTML5, brings a new level of ease of development and network efficiency

to modern, interactive web applications. It provides a two-way, full-duplex com‐

munication channel between a client and a server over a single TCP (transmission

control protocol) channel. Java EE 7 defines a new standard API to develop and

deploy WebSocket clients and endpoints.

JSON is the lingua franca of the Web for lightweight data exchange. Until now,

developers were required to bundle third-party libraries for JSON processing. Java

EE 7 defines a new portable API to parse, generate, transform, and query JSON

using a Streaming API or Object Model API.

JavaServer Faces (JSF) introduces pass-through attributes and elements that allow

near-total control over the user experience of each individual element in the view.

This allows HTML5-friendly markup to be easily embedded in a page.

Higher productivity

The JMS API has been greatly simplified. JMSContext provides the unified func‐

tionality of Connection and Session objects. In addition, several JMS interfaces

implement Autocloseable and thus are automatically closed after use. Finally,

correct error handling, runtime exceptions instead of checked exceptions, method

chaining on JMSProducer, and simplified message sending are further examples of

features that the JMS API has simplified.

Without the Client API (introduced in JAX-RS 2), developers are required to use

basic HttpUrlConnection APIs and write all the surrounding code.

More defaults for the application’s use—such as a preconfigured DataSource for

accessing databases in operational environments, a preconfigured JMS Connec

tionFactory for accessing a JMS provider, and a preconfigured ManagedExecutor

Service—provide a seamless out-of-the-box experience for new developers start‐

ing with the platform.

The Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) specification is now a core com‐

ponent model, and is enabled by default. This makes the platform a lot more co‐

hesive and integrated. CDI interceptors are now more widely applicable to beans.

@Transactional annotation brings transactional semantics to POJOs (plain old

Java objects), outside of an EJB (Enterprise JavaBean). Bean Validation allows au‐

tomatic validation of method arguments and results using interceptors.

Less boilerplate text, more defaults, and a cohesive integrated platform together

boost developers’ productivity when building applications using the latest version

of the platform.

2 | Chapter 1: Java Platform, Enterprise Edition

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