STM32F031x4/x6: ARM Cortex-M0 MCU with up to 32KB Flash, Detailed Data Sheet

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"STM32F031x4和STM32F031x6是STMicroelectronics公司生产的基于ARM Cortex-M0内核的32位微控制器，具备丰富的功能和低功耗特性，适用于各种嵌入式应用。" STM32F031x4和STM32F031x6系列微控制器是STMicroelectronics（意法半导体）推出的一款高性能、低功耗的微控制器，其核心是32位的ARM Cortex-M0处理器，工作频率最高可达48MHz。这款芯片的主要特点和功能包括： 1. **内存配置**：提供了16KB到32KB的闪存（Flash memory），用于存储程序代码，以及4KB的SRAM，具有硬件奇偶校验功能，确保数据安全。 2. **错误检测与校验**：集成CRC（循环冗余校验）计算单元，用于检测数据传输中的错误。 3. **电源管理**：支持2.0V到3.6V的数字和I/O供电电压，模拟供电电压范围为VDDA到3.6V。具有电源上电/下电复位（POR/PDR）、可编程电压检测器（PVD）、低功耗模式（Sleep、Stop和Standby）以及VBAT供电，用于RTC（实时时钟）和备份寄存器。 4. **时钟系统**：配置有4MHz到32MHz的晶体振荡器，32kHz的RTC（实时时钟）振荡器并带校准功能，8MHz的内部RC振荡器可倍频至6倍，还有40kHz的内部RC振荡器。 5. **输入输出接口**：最多提供39个快速I/O口，所有I/O口都可以映射到外部中断向量，其中最多25个I/O口具有5V耐受能力。 6. **DMA控制器**：5通道DMA控制器，用于高效的数据传输，减轻CPU负担。 7. **模拟转换器**：1个12位的ADC（模数转换器），转换时间仅为1.0μs，可处理多达10个通道，转换范围为0到3.6V，支持独立的2.4V到3.6V模拟电源。 8. **定时器**：最多9个定时器，其中包括1个16位的7通道定时器，可以实现多种定时和计数功能。这些特性使得STM32F031x4和STM32F031x6系列微控制器适合于需要高效能、低功耗以及丰富外设接口的嵌入式应用，如物联网设备、消费电子、工业控制和传感器接口等。数据手册提供的详细信息对于开发者来说是必不可少的，有助于他们充分利用这些微控制器的功能进行产品设计和开发。

Functional overview STM32F031x4 STM32F031x6

16/113 DocID025743 Rev 3

3.7 General-purpose inputs/outputs (GPIOs)

Each of the GPIO pins can be configured by software as output (push-pull or open-drain), as

input (with or without pull-up or pull-down) or as peripheral alternate function. Most of the

GPIO pins are shared with digital or analog alternate functions.

The I/O configuration can be locked if needed following a specific sequence in order to

avoid spurious writing to the I/Os registers.

3.8 Direct memory access controller (DMA)

The 5-channel general-purpose DMAs manage memory-to-memory, peripheral-to-memory

and memory-to-peripheral transfers.

The DMA supports circular buffer management, removing the need for user code

intervention when the controller reaches the end of the buffer.

Each channel is connected to dedicated hardware DMA requests, with support for software

trigger on each channel. Configuration is made by software and transfer sizes between

source and destination are independent.

DMA can be used with the main peripherals: SPI, I2S, I2C, USART, all TIMx timers (except

TIM14) and ADC.

3.9 Interrupts and events

3.9.1 Nested vectored interrupt controller (NVIC)

The STM32F0xx family embeds a nested vectored interrupt controller able to handle up to

32 maskable interrupt channels (not including the 16 interrupt lines of Cortex

-M0) and 4

priority levels.

 Closely coupled NVIC gives low latency interrupt processing

 Interrupt entry vector table address passed directly to the core

 Closely coupled NVIC core interface

 Allows early processing of interrupts

 Processing of late arriving higher priority interrupts

 Support for tail-chaining

 Processor state automatically saved

 Interrupt entry restored on interrupt exit with no instruction overhead

This hardware block provides flexible interrupt management features with minimal interrupt

latency.

3.9.2 Extended interrupt/event controller (EXTI)

The extended interrupt/event controller consists of 24 edge detector lines used to generate

interrupt/event requests and wake-up the system. Each line can be independently

configured to select the trigger event (rising edge, falling edge, both) and can be masked

independently. A pending register maintains the status of the interrupt requests. The EXTI

can detect an external line with a pulse width shorter than the internal clock period. Up to 39

GPIOs can be connected to the 16 external interrupt lines.

DocID025743 Rev 3 17/113

STM32F031x4 STM32F031x6 Functional overview

3.10 Analog to digital converter (ADC)

The 12-bit analog to digital converter has up to 16 external and 3 internal (temperature

sensor, voltage reference, VBAT voltage measurement) channels and performs conversions

in single-shot or scan modes. In scan mode, automatic conversion is performed on a

selected group of analog inputs.

The ADC can be served by the DMA controller.

An analog watchdog feature allows very precise monitoring of the converted voltage of one,

some or all selected channels. An interrupt is generated when the converted voltage is

outside the programmed thresholds.

3.10.1 Temperature sensor

The temperature sensor (TS) generates a voltage V

SENSE

that varies linearly with

temperature.

The temperature sensor is internally connected to the ADC_IN16 input channel which is

used to convert the sensor output voltage into a digital value.

The sensor provides good linearity but it has to be calibrated to obtain good overall

accuracy of the temperature measurement. As the offset of the temperature sensor varies

from chip to chip due to process variation, the uncalibrated internal temperature sensor is

suitable for applications that detect temperature changes only.

To improve the accuracy of the temperature sensor measurement, each device is

individually factory-calibrated by ST. The temperature sensor factory calibration data are

stored by ST in the system memory area, accessible in read-only mode.

3.10.2 Internal voltage reference (V

REFINT

)

The internal voltage reference (V

REFINT

) provides a stable (bandgap) voltage output for the

ADC and comparators. V

REFINT

is internally connected to the ADC_IN17 input channel. The

precise voltage of V

REFINT

is individually measured for each part by ST during production

test and stored in the system memory area. It is accessible in read-only mode.

Table 3. Temperature sensor calibration values

Calibration value name Description Memory address

TS_CAL1

TS ADC raw data acquired at a

temperature of 30 °C (5 °C),

DDA

= 3.3 V (10 mV)

0x1FFF F7B8 - 0x1FFF F7B9

TS_CAL2

TS ADC raw data acquired at a

temperature of 110 °C (5 °C),

DDA

= 3.3 V (10 mV)

0x1FFF F7C2 - 0x1FFF F7C3

Table 4. Internal voltage reference calibration values

Calibration value name Description Memory address

VREFINT_CAL

Raw data acquired at a

temperature of 30 °C (5 °C),

DDA

= 3.3 V (10 mV)

0x1FFF F7BA - 0x1FFF F7BB

Functional overview STM32F031x4 STM32F031x6

20/113 DocID025743 Rev 3

3.11.3 Independent watchdog (IWDG)

The independent watchdog is based on an 8-bit prescaler and 12-bit downcounter with

user-defined refresh window. It is clocked from an independent 40 kHz internal RC and as it

operates independently from the main clock, it can operate in Stop and Standby modes. It

can be used either as a watchdog to reset the device when a problem occurs, or as a free

running timer for application timeout management. It is hardware or software configurable

through the option bytes. The counter can be frozen in debug mode.

3.11.4 System window watchdog (WWDG)

The system window watchdog is based on a 7-bit downcounter that can be set as free

running. It can be used as a watchdog to reset the device when a problem occurs. It is

clocked from the APB clock (PCLK). It has an early warning interrupt capability and the

counter can be frozen in debug mode.

3.11.5 SysTick timer

This timer is dedicated to real-time operating systems, but could also be used as a standard

down counter. It features:

 A 24-bit down counter

 Autoreload capability

 Maskable system interrupt generation when the counter reaches 0

 Programmable clock source (HCLK or HCLK/8)

3.12 Real-time clock (RTC) and backup registers

The RTC and the five backup registers are supplied through a switch that takes power either

on V

supply when present or through the V

BAT

pin. The backup registers are five 32-bit

registers used to store 20 bytes of user application data when V

power is not present.

They are not reset by a system or power reset, or when the device wakes up from Standby

mode.

The RTC is an independent BCD timer/counter. Its main features are the following:

 Calendar with subseconds, seconds, minutes, hours (12 or 24 format), week day, date,

month, year, in BCD (binary-coded decimal) format.

 Automatic correction for 28, 29 (leap year), 30, and 31 day of the month.

 Programmable alarm with wake up from Stop and Standby mode capability.

 On-the-fly correction from 1 to 32767 RTC clock pulses. This can be used to

synchronize the RTC with a master clock.

 Digital calibration circuit with 1 ppm resolution, to compensate for quartz crystal

inaccuracy.

 Two anti-tamper detection pins with programmable filter. The MCU can be woken up

from Stop and Standby modes on tamper event detection.

 Timestamp feature which can be used to save the calendar content. This function can

be triggered by an event on the timestamp pin, or by a tamper event. The MCU can be

woken up from Stop and Standby modes on timestamp event detection.

 Reference clock detection: a more precise second source clock (50 or 60 Hz) can be

used to enhance the calendar precision.

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