PMBOK第五版：项目管理知识体系指南

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"PMBOK第五版en" 《项目管理知识体系指南》（PMBOK®Guide）第五版是项目经理专业发展认证（PMP）的重要参考书籍。由项目管理协会（Project Management Institute, PMI）出版，它在2012年发布，与2008年的第四版相比，进行了重大更新。主要变化包括： 1. **知识领域划分**：第五版将原有的九大知识领域扩展为了十大知识领域。新增的知识领域是“项目集成管理”，强调了在整个项目生命周期中对各个过程进行整合和协调的重要性。 2. **项目管理过程增加**：42个过程扩展到了47个，这反映了项目管理实践的发展和细化，旨在更好地覆盖项目管理的各个方面，提升项目的成功概率。十大知识领域包括： - 1. 项目整合管理 - 2. 项目范围管理 - 3. 项目时间管理 - 4. 项目成本管理 - 5. 项目质量管理 - 6. 项目资源管理 - 7. 项目沟通管理 - 8. 项目风险管理 - 9. 项目采购管理 - 10. 项目相关方管理每个知识领域都包含了若干关键过程，这些过程相互关联，共同构成了完整的项目管理框架。此外，PMBOK®Guide第五版还强调了： - **敏捷方法的融入**：尽管传统的瀑布模型仍被广泛使用，但随着敏捷开发理念的普及，第五版开始引入敏捷思维，为项目经理提供了在不同环境和需求下灵活应用项目管理的方法。 - **职业行为准则**：强调了项目经理的职业道德和责任，以及在项目实施中遵循的行为标准。 - **绩效衡量**：提供了更全面的绩效衡量工具和指标，如挣值管理（Earned Value Management, EVM），帮助项目经理评估项目进度和成本绩效。 - **知识和技能的持续发展**：鼓励项目经理不断学习和提升，以适应快速变化的业务环境。 PMBOK第五版不仅是一份指导文档，也是项目管理专业人员提升技能、保持专业素养的必备参考资料。通过理解和应用其中的原则和最佳实践，项目经理可以更有效地规划、执行和控制项目，提高项目的成功率。

XII

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 4-2. Develop Project Charter: Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs .............................66

Figure 4-3. Develop Project Charter Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................67

Figure 4-3. Develop Project Charter Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................72

Figure 4-5. Develop Project Management Plan Data Flow Diagram ..................................................73

Figure 4-6. Direct and Manage Project Work: Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs ............... 79

Figure 4-7. Direct and Manage Project Work: Data Flow Diagram .....................................................80

Figure 4-8. Monitor and Control Project Work: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................. 86

Figure 4-9. Monitor and Control Project Work Data Flow Diagram ....................................................87

Figure 4-10. Perform Integrated Change Control: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..............94

Figure 4-11. Perform Integrated Change Control Data Flow Diagram..................................................95

Figure 4-12. Close Project or Phase: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................. 100

Figure 4-13. Close Project or Phase Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................101

Figure 5-1. Project Scope Management Overview ............................................................................106

Figure 5-2. Plan Scope Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................107

Figure 5-3. Plan Scope Management Data Flow Diagram ................................................................107

Figure 5-4. Collect Requirements: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................111

Figure 5-5. Collect Requirements Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................111

Figure 5-6. Example of a Requirements Traceability Matrix .............................................................119

Figure 5-7. Define Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................................120

Figure 5-8. Define Scope Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................120

Figure 5-9. Create WBS: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................................125

Figure 5-10. Create WBS Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................... 126

Licensed To: Yan Xie PMI MemberID: 2339948

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

XIII

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 5-11. Sample WBS Decomposed Down Through Work Packages ........................................... 129

Figure 5-12. Sample WBS Organized by Phase ...................................................................................130

Figure 5-13. Sample WBS with Major Deliverables .............................................................................130

Figure 5-14. Validate Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................133

Figure 5-15. Validate Scope Data Flow Diagram .................................................................................133

Figure 5-16. Control Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................................... 136

Figure 5-17. Control Scope Data Flow Diagram ..................................................................................137

Figure 6-1. Project Time Management Overview ..............................................................................143

Figure 6-2. Scheduling Overview .......................................................................................................144

Figure 6-3. Plan Schedule Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................ 145

Figure 6-4. Plan Schedule Management Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................145

Figure 6-5. Define Activities: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........................................149

Figure 6-6. Define Activities Data Flow Diagram ..............................................................................150

Figure 6-7. Sequence Activities: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .....................................153

Figure 6-8. Sequence Activities Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................... 154

Figure 6-9. Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) Relationship Types ......................................157

Figure 6-10. Examples of Lead and Lag ..............................................................................................158

Figure 6-11. Project Schedule Network Diagram ................................................................................160

Figure 6-12. Estimate Activity Resources: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................ 161

Figure 6-13. Estimate Activity Resources Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................161

Figure 6-14. Estimate Activity Durations: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .........................166

Figure 6-15. Estimate Activity Durations Data Flow Diagram ............................................................166

Licensed To: Yan Xie PMI MemberID: 2339948

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

XIV

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 6-16 Develop Schedule: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................................173

Figure 6-17. Develop Schedule Data Flow Diagram ............................................................................ 173

Figure 6-18. Example of Critical Path Method ..................................................................................... 177

Figure 6-19. Example of Critical Chain Method ................................................................................... 178

Figure 6-20. Resource Leveling ...........................................................................................................179

Figure 6-21. Project Schedule Presentations —Examples .................................................................183

Figure 6-22. Control Schedule: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .......................................... 185

Figure 6-23. Control Schedule Data Flow Diagram .............................................................................186

Figure 7-1. Project Cost Management Overview ............................................................................... 194

Figure 7-2. Plan Cost Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................ 195

Figure 7-3. Plan Cost Management: Data Flow Diagram ..................................................................196

Figure 7-4. Estimate Costs: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................200

Figure 7-5. Estimate Costs Data Flow Diagram.................................................................................201

Figure 7-6. Determine Budget: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................................208

Figure 7-7. Determine Budget Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................................209

Figure 7-8. Project Budget Components ............................................................................................ 213

Figure 7-9. Cost Baseline, Expenditures, and Funding Requirements .............................................214

Figure 7-10. Control Costs: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................................ 215

Figure 7-11. Control Costs Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................215

Figure 7-12. Earned Value, Planned Value, and Actual Costs .............................................................219

Figure 7-13. To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI) ..........................................................................222

Licensed To: Yan Xie PMI MemberID: 2339948

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 8-1. Project Quality Management Overview ...........................................................................230

Figure 8-2. Fundamental Relationships of Quality Assurance and Control Quality to the IPECC,

PDCA, Cost of Quality Models and Project Management Process Groups.....................231

Figure 8-3. Plan Quality Management Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................232

Figure 8-4. Plan Quality Management Data Flow Diagram ...............................................................232

Figure 8-5. Cost of Quality .................................................................................................................. 235

Figure 8-6. The SIPOC Model .............................................................................................................. 237

Figure 8-7. Storyboard Illustrating a Conceptual Example of Each of the Seven

Basic Quality Tools ..........................................................................................................239

Figure 8-8. Perform Quality Assurance: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .......................... 243

Figure 8-9. Perform Quality Assurance Data Flow Diagram .............................................................243

Figure 8-10. Storyboard Illustrating the Seven Quality Management and Control Tools ..................246

Figure 8-11. Control Quality: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................249

Figure 8-12. Control Quality Data Flow Diagram ................................................................................. 249

Figure 9-1. Project Human Resource Management Overview ..........................................................257

Figure 9-2. Plan Human Resource Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........258

Figure 9-3. Plan Human Resource Management Data Flow Diagram ..............................................258

Figure 9-4. Roles and Responsibility Definition Formats ..................................................................261

Figure 9-5. RACI Matrix ......................................................................................................................262

Figure 9-6. Illustrative Resource Histogram......................................................................................266

Figure 9-7. Acquire Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................... 267

Figure 9-8. Acquire Project Team Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................268

Licensed To: Yan Xie PMI MemberID: 2339948

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

XVI

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 9-9. Develop Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................273

Figure 9-10. Develop Project Team Data Flow Diagram .....................................................................273

Figure 9-11. Manage Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................279

Figure 9-12. Manage Project Team Data Flow Diagram .....................................................................280

Figure 10-1. Project Communications Management Overview ..........................................................288

Figure 10-2. Plan Communications Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........289

Figure 10-3. Plan Communications Management Data Flow Diagram ..............................................289

Figure 10-4. Basic Communication Model ..........................................................................................294

Figure 10-5. Manage Communications: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................ 297

Figure 10-6. Manage Communications Data Flow Diagram ...............................................................298

Figure 10-7. Control Communications: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................303

Figure 10-8. Control Communications Data Flow Diagram ................................................................304

Figure 11-1. Project Risk Management Overview ...............................................................................312

Figure 11-2. Plan Risk Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................ 313

Figure 11-3. Plan Risk Management Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................313

Figure 11-4. Example of a Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)..............................................................317

Figure 11-5. Identify Risks: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...............................................319

Figure 11-6. Identify Risks Data Flow Diagram...................................................................................320

Figure 11-7. Influence Diagram ...........................................................................................................326

Figure 11-8. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............... 328

Figure 11-9. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis Data Flow Diagram ..................................................328

Figure 11-10. Probability and Impact Matrix.........................................................................................331

Licensed To: Yan Xie PMI MemberID: 2339948

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

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