Zakas深度解析：面向对象JavaScript精要（英文原版）

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《面向对象JavaScript精要》是一本由Nicholas C. Zakas撰写的专业书籍，它深入探讨了JavaScript编程中的面向对象原则。该英文原版PDF著作全面介绍了如何在JavaScript这种广泛使用的脚本语言中有效地应用面向对象编程（Object-Oriented Programming, OOP）。作者以清晰易懂的方式讲解了OOP的核心概念，如封装、继承和多态性，并结合实际案例来展示如何设计和实现类、对象和模块化结构。书中涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **基础概念**：首先，读者会学习到什么是面向对象，以及为何在JavaScript中引入这一设计模式。JavaScript虽然起初不是以OOP为中心的语言，但通过特定技术（如原型链和构造函数）可以实现OOP。 2. **类与对象**：作者会详细介绍如何定义类（Class），包括构造函数、原型链和实例方法。同时，会探讨如何创建对象实例，并演示如何使用原型来扩展和共享功能。 3. **封装与访问控制**：书中讨论了如何使用访问修饰符（如`public`、`private`和`protected`）来控制类成员的可见性和访问权限，以保护数据的安全性。 4. **继承与多态**：通过继承机制，读者将了解到如何创建子类以复用父类的属性和方法，以及动态多态如何通过接口或抽象类实现。 5. **模块化与设计模式**：书中还会涉及模块化编程的概念，以及一些实用的设计模式，如工厂模式、单例模式和观察者模式等，帮助开发者编写更加灵活和可维护的代码。 6. **实战与最佳实践**：书中提供了丰富的示例和实战项目，让读者能在实践中理解和掌握面向对象编程在JavaScript中的应用。此外，还会分享一些避免常见陷阱和优化性能的最佳实践。 7. **版权信息**：《The Principles of Object-Oriented JavaScript》的版权信息明确，强调所有复制或传输必须经版权所有人及出版商事先书面许可。这本书适合任何想要提升JavaScript编程技能，尤其是面向对象编程能力的开发者阅读，无论是初级开发者还是经验丰富的专业人员都能从中受益。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅能提升自己的编程技巧，还能加深对JavaScript生态系统和现代Web开发的理解。

acknowledgmenTs

I’d like to thank Kate Matsudaira for convincing me that self-publishing

an ebook was the best way to get this information out. Without her advice,

I’d probably still be trying to ﬁgure out what I should do with the infor-

mation contained in this book.

Thanks to Rob Friesel for once again providing excellent feedback on

an early copy of this book, and Cody Lindley for his suggestions. Additional

thanks to Angus Croll for his technical review of the ﬁnished version—

his nitpicking made this book much better.

Thanks as well to Bill Pollock, whom I met at a conference and who

started the ball rolling on publishing this book.

xviii Introduction

Aggregation One object can reference another object.

Inheritance A newly created object has the same characteristics

as another object without explicitly duplicating its functionality.

Polymorphism One interface may be implemented by multiple

objects.

JavaScript has all these characteristics, though because the language

has no concept of classes, some aren’t implemented in quite the way you

might expect. At ﬁrst glance, a JavaScript program might even look like

a procedural program you would write in C. If you can write a function

and pass it some variables, you have a working script that seemingly has

no objects. A closer look at the language, however, reveals the existence

of objects through the use of dot notation.

Many object-oriented languages use dot notation to access properties

and methods on objects, and JavaScript is syntactically the same. But in

JavaScript, you never need to write a class deﬁnition, import a package,

or include a header ﬁle. You just start coding with the data types that you

want, and you can group those together in any number of ways. You could

certainly write JavaScript in a procedural way, but its true power emerges

when you take advantage of its object-oriented nature. That’s what this

book is about.

Make no mistake: A lot of the concepts you may have learned in

more traditional object-oriented programming languages don’t neces-

sarily apply to JavaScript. While that often confuses beginners, as you

read, you’ll quickly ﬁnd that JavaScript’s weakly typed nature allows

you to write less code to accomplish the same tasks as other languages.

You can just start coding without planning the classes that you need

ahead of time. Need an object with speciﬁc ﬁelds? Just create an ad hoc

object wherever you want. Did you forget to add a method to that object?

No problem—just add it later.

Inside these pages, you’ll learn the unique way that JavaScript

approaches object-oriented programming. Leave behind the notions

of classes and class-based inheritance and learn about prototype-based

inheritance and constructor functions that behave similarly. You’ll learn

how to create objects, deﬁne your own types, use inheritance, and other-

wise manipulate objects to get the most out of them. In short, you’ll learn

everything you need to know to understand and write JavaScript profes-

sionally. Enjoy!

Who This Book Is For

This book is intended as a guide for those who already understand object-

oriented programming but want to know exactly how the concept works in

JavaScript. Familiarity with Java, C#, or object-oriented programming in

Introduction xix

other languages is a strong indicator that this book is for you. In particu-

lar, this book is aimed at three groups of readers:

• Developers who are familiar with object-oriented programming con-

cepts and want to apply them to JavaScript

• Web application and Node.js developers trying to structure their code

more effectively

• Novice JavaScript developers trying to gain a deeper understanding

of the language

This book is not for beginners who have never written JavaScript. You

will need a good understanding of how to write and execute JavaScript

code to follow along.

Overview

Chapter 1: Primitive and Reference Types introduces the two different

value types in JavaScript: primitive and reference. You’ll learn what distin-

guishes them from each other and how understanding their differences

is important to an overall understanding of JavaScript.

Chapter 2: Functions explains the ins and outs of functions in

JavaScript. First-class functions are what makes JavaScript such an inter-

esting language.

Chapter 3: Understanding Objects details the makeup of objects in

JavaScript. JavaScript objects behave differently than objects in other lan-

guages, so a deep understanding of how objects work is vital to mastering

the language.

Chapter 4: Constructors and Prototypes expands on the previous

discussion of functions by looking more speciﬁcally at constructors. All

constructors are functions, but they are used a little bit differently. This

chapter explores the differences while also talking about creating your

own custom types.

Chapter 5: Inheritance explains how inheritance is accomplished

in JavaScript. Though there are no classes in JavaScript, that doesn’t

mean inheritance isn’t possible. In this chapter, you’ll learn about proto-

typal inheritance and how it differs from class-based inheritance.

Chapter 6: Object Patterns walks through common object pat-

terns. There are many different ways to build and compose objects in

JavaScript, and this chapter introduces you to the most popular patterns

for doing so.

Help and Support

If you have questions, comments, or other feedback about this book,

please visit the mailing list at http://groups.google.com/group/zakasbooks.

www.allitebooks.com

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