IEEE 802.15.7标准：短距离无线光学通信

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"IEEE局域网和城域网标准，特别是IEEE 802.15.7标准，关注的是短距离无线光通信技术，利用可见光进行数据传输。该标准由IEEE计算机学会的局域网/城域网标准委员会制定，主要针对短距离、高数据速率的光学无线通信应用。" IEEE 802.15.7是针对短距离无线光通信（Visible Light Communication, VLC）的一个标准，它定义了物理层（PHY）和媒体访问控制层（MAC）的规范。此标准的制定是为了在具有光学透明性的环境中，如室内照明系统，实现高效、安全的数据传输。VLC是一种利用可见光谱进行无线通信的技术，通常涉及到LED（发光二极管）作为光源和接收器。物理层（PHY）部分涵盖了光发射机和接收机的设计，包括光调制技术、光信号的频率范围、功率级别以及光谱效率。例如，802.15.7可能定义了如何使用模拟或数字调制方法（如OOK，On-Off Keying，或更复杂的QAM，Quadrature Amplitude Modulation）来编码和解码数据，同时确保在光谱中有效地分配带宽。媒体访问控制层（MAC）规定了多个设备如何共享光通信信道，避免冲突，并确保可靠的数据传输。这可能包括CSMA/CA（载波侦听多路访问/冲突避免）协议，类似于在传统无线局域网（如Wi-Fi）中使用的机制。此外，MAC层可能还涉及流量控制、错误检测和纠正，以及安全特性，如加密和身份验证。 VLC技术有多种潜在的应用，包括但不限于： 1. **室内无线通信**：利用现有的LED照明基础设施提供无线网络接入，如Wi-Fi替代方案。 2. **物联网（IoT）连接**：连接低功耗设备，如传感器和智能设备。 3. **安全通信**：由于光信号不能穿透墙壁，VLC可以提供比传统无线电频段更高的隐私和安全性。 4. **移动支付和身份验证**：通过LED灯的闪烁编码实现快速、安全的信息交换。 5. **汽车通信**：汽车前照灯可以用于车对车（V2V）或车对基础设施（V2I）的通信，增强交通安全。 802.15.7标准的制定考虑了这些应用的特定需求，包括通信距离、数据速率、环境影响（如光照变化）以及与其他无线技术的共存问题。随着LED照明技术的普及和对高速、安全、低功耗通信需求的增长，IEEE 802.15.7标准在无线光通信领域扮演着越来越重要的角色。

5.3.1.1 MHR fields ......................................................................................................... 88

5.3.2 Association response command.......................................................................................... 89

5.3.2.1 MHR fields ......................................................................................................... 89

5.3.2.2 Short Address field ............................................................................................. 89

5.3.2.3 Association Status field ...................................................................................... 89

5.3.2.4 Capability negotiation response field ................................................................. 90

5.3.3 Disassociation notification command................................................................................. 90

5.3.3.1 MHR fields ......................................................................................................... 91

5.3.3.2 Disassociation Reason field................................................................................ 91

5.3.4 Data request command .......................................................................................................91

5.3.5 VPAN ID conflict notification command........................................................................... 93

5.3.6 Beacon request command ................................................................................................... 93

5.3.7 Coordinator realignment command .................................................................................... 94

5.3.7.1 MHR fields ......................................................................................................... 94

5.3.7.2 VPAN Identifier field ......................................................................................... 94

5.3.7.3 Coordinator Short Address field......................................................................... 94

5.3.7.4 Logical Channel field ......................................................................................... 95

5.3.7.5 Short Address field ............................................................................................. 95

5.3.8 GTS request command ....................................................................................................... 95

5.3.8.1 MHR fields ......................................................................................................... 95

5.3.8.2 GTS Characteristics field.................................................................................... 95

5.3.9 Blinking notification command .......................................................................................... 96

5.3.9.1 Blinking frequency ............................................................................................. 96

5.3.10 Dimming notification command......................................................................................... 96

5.3.11 Fast link recovery command............................................................................................... 97

5.3.12 Mobility notification command .......................................................................................... 98

5.3.13 GTS response command..................................................................................................... 98

5.3.13.1 MHR fields ......................................................................................................... 98

5.3.13.2 GTS Characteristics field.................................................................................... 98

5.3.14 Clock rate change notification command ........................................................................... 99

5.3.15 Multiple channel assignment command ............................................................................. 99

5.3.16 Color stabilization timer notification command ................................................................. 99

5.3.17 Color stabilization information command ........................................................................ 100

5.3.18 CVD disable command..................................................................................................... 100

5.3.19 Information element command......................................................................................... 101

5.3.19.1 Capabilities IE .................................................................................................. 101

5.3.19.1.1 Capability information field ......................................................... 102

5.3.19.1.2 Aggregation and guard channel.................................................... 105

5.3.19.2 Wavelength quality indication (WQI) IE ......................................................... 106

6. MAC sublayer service specification ...................................................................................................... 107

6.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 107

6.2 MAC data service ......................................................................................................................... 107

6.2.1 MCPS-DATA.request....................................................................................................... 108

6.2.1.1 Appropriate usage............................................................................................. 110

6.2.1.2 Effect on receipt................................................................................................ 110

6.2.2 MCPS-DATA.confirm ..................................................................................................... 111

6.2.2.1 When generated ................................................................................................ 112

6.2.2.2 Appropriate usage............................................................................................. 112

6.2.3 MCPS-DATA.indication .................................................................................................. 112

6.2.3.1 When generated ................................................................................................ 115

6.2.3.2 Appropriate usage............................................................................................. 115

6.2.4 MCPS-PURGE.request..................................................................................................... 115

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6.2.4.1 Appropriate usage............................................................................................. 115

6.2.4.2 Effect on receipt................................................................................................ 115

6.2.5 MCPS-PURGE.confirm ................................................................................................... 115

6.2.5.1 When generated ................................................................................................ 116

6.2.5.2 Appropriate usage............................................................................................. 116

6.2.6 Data service message sequence chart ............................................................................... 116

6.3 MAC management service ........................................................................................................... 116

6.3.1 Association primitives ...................................................................................................... 116

6.3.1.1 MLME-ASSOCIATE.request .......................................................................... 118

6.3.1.1.1 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 119

6.3.1.1.2 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 119

6.3.1.2 MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication...................................................................... 120

6.3.1.2.1 When generated ............................................................................ 120

6.3.1.2.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 121

6.3.1.3 MLME-ASSOCIATE.response........................................................................ 121

6.3.1.3.1 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 122

6.3.1.3.2 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 122

6.3.1.4 MLME-ASSOCIATE.confirm ......................................................................... 123

6.3.1.4.1 When generated ............................................................................ 125

6.3.1.4.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 125

6.3.1.5 Association-message sequence charts .............................................................. 125

6.3.2 Disassociation primitives..................................................................................................126

6.3.2.1 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.request.................................................................... 126

6.3.2.1.1 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 127

6.3.2.1.2 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 127

6.3.2.2 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.indication ............................................................... 129

6.3.2.2.1 When generated ............................................................................ 130

6.3.2.2.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 130

6.3.2.3 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.confirm................................................................... 130

6.3.2.3.1 When generated ............................................................................ 131

6.3.2.3.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 131

6.3.2.4 Disassociation-message sequence charts.......................................................... 131

6.3.3 Beacon notification primitive ........................................................................................... 131

6.3.3.1 MLME-BEACON-NOTIFY.indication ........................................................... 131

6.3.3.1.1 When generated ............................................................................ 132

6.3.3.1.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 134

6.3.4 Primitives for reading PIB attributes ................................................................................ 134

6.3.4.1 MLME-GET.request......................................................................................... 134

6.3.4.1.1 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 135

6.3.4.1.2 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 135

6.3.4.2 MLME-GET.confirm ....................................................................................... 135

6.3.4.2.1 When generated ............................................................................ 136

6.3.4.2.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 136

6.3.5 GTS management primitives ............................................................................................ 136

6.3.5.1 MLME-GTS.request......................................................................................... 136

6.3.5.1.1 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 137

6.3.5.1.2 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 137

6.3.5.2 MLME-GTS.indication .................................................................................... 138

6.3.5.2.1 When generated ............................................................................ 140

6.3.5.2.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 140

6.3.5.3 MLME-GTS.confirm........................................................................................ 140

6.3.5.3.1 When generated ............................................................................ 141

6.3.5.3.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 141

6.3.5.4 GTS management message sequence charts .................................................... 141

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6.3.6 Primitives for resetting the MAC sublayer....................................................................... 142

6.3.6.1 MLME-RESET.request .................................................................................... 143

6.3.6.1.1 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 143

6.3.6.1.2 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 143

6.3.6.2 MLME-RESET.confirm ................................................................................... 143

6.3.6.2.1 When generated ............................................................................ 144

6.3.6.2.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 144

6.3.7 Primitives for specifying the receiver enable time ........................................................... 144

6.3.7.1 MLME-RX-ENABLE.request.......................................................................... 144

6.3.7.1.1 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 144

6.3.7.1.2 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 145

6.3.7.2 MLME-RX-ENABLE.confirm......................................................................... 146

6.3.7.2.1 When generated ............................................................................ 146

6.3.7.2.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 146

6.3.7.3 Message sequence chart for changing the state of the receiver........................ 147

6.3.8 Primitives for channel scanning ....................................................................................... 147

6.3.8.1 MLME-SCAN.request...................................................................................... 148

6.3.8.1.1 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 149

6.3.8.1.2 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 149

6.3.8.2 MLME-SCAN.confirm..................................................................................... 150

6.3.8.2.1 When generated ............................................................................ 151

6.3.8.2.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 151

6.3.8.3 Channel scan message sequence charts ............................................................ 151

6.3.9 Communication status primitive....................................................................................... 151

6.3.9.1 MLME-COMM-STATUS.indication............................................................... 151

6.3.9.1.1 When generated ............................................................................ 154

6.3.9.1.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 154

6.3.10 Primitives for writing PIB attributes ................................................................................ 154

6.3.10.1 MLME-SET.request ......................................................................................... 154

6.3.10.1.1 Semantics of the primitive............................................................ 154

6.3.10.1.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 155

6.3.10.1.3 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 155

6.3.10.2 MLME-SET.confirm ........................................................................................ 156

6.3.10.2.1 When generated ............................................................................ 156

6.3.10.2.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 156

6.3.11 Primitives for updating the superframe configuration...................................................... 157

6.3.11.1 MLME-START.request.................................................................................... 157

6.3.11.1.1 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 159

6.3.11.1.2 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 159

6.3.11.2 MLME-START.confirm................................................................................... 160

6.3.11.2.1 When generated ............................................................................ 161

6.3.11.2.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 161

6.3.11.3 Message sequence chart for updating the superframe configuration................ 161

6.3.12 Primitive for synchronizing with a coordinator................................................................ 161

6.3.12.1 MLME-SYNC.request...................................................................................... 161

6.3.12.1.1 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 162

6.3.12.1.2 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 163

6.3.13 Primitive for synchronization loss with a coordinator...................................................... 163

6.3.13.1 MLME-SYNC-LOSS.indication ...................................................................... 163

6.3.13.2 Message sequence chart for synchronizing with a coordinator ........................ 165

6.3.13.2.1 When generated ............................................................................ 165

6.3.13.2.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 166

6.3.14 Primitives for requesting data from a coordinator............................................................ 167

6.3.14.1 MLME-POLL.request ...................................................................................... 167

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6.3.14.1.1 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 168

6.3.14.1.2 Effect on receipt............................................................................ 168

6.3.14.2 MLME-POLL.confirm ..................................................................................... 168

6.3.14.2.1 When generated ............................................................................ 169

6.3.14.2.2 Appropriate usage......................................................................... 169

6.3.14.3 Message sequence chart for requesting data from a coordinator...................... 169

6.4 MAC constants and PIB attributes ............................................................................................... 169

6.4.1 MAC constants ................................................................................................................. 169

6.4.2 MAC PIB attributes .......................................................................................................... 171

6.5 Optical-clock-rate selection.......................................................................................................... 180

6.5.1 Optical-clock-rate selection for P2P topology.................................................................. 180

6.5.1.1 Explicit notification .......................................................................................... 181

6.5.1.2 Without explicit notification............................................................................. 182

6.5.2 Optical-clock-rate selection for star topology .................................................................. 182

6.5.2.1 Explicit notification .......................................................................................... 182

6.5.2.2 Without explicit notification............................................................................. 183

6.5.3 Clock-rate selection for multicast topology...................................................................... 184

6.5.3.1 Explicit notification .......................................................................................... 184

6.5.3.2 Without explicit notification............................................................................. 186

6.6 Message sequence charts illustrating MAC-PHY interaction ...................................................... 186

7. Security suite specifications................................................................................................................... 193

7.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 193

7.2 Functional description .................................................................................................................. 194

7.2.1 Outgoing frame security procedure .................................................................................. 194

7.2.2 Outgoing frame key retrieval procedure........................................................................... 195

7.2.3 Incoming frame security procedure .................................................................................. 196

7.2.4 Incoming frame security material retrieval procedure...................................................... 197

7.2.5 Key descriptor lookup procedure...................................................................................... 199

7.2.6 Blacklist checking procedure............................................................................................ 199

7.2.7 Device descriptor lookup procedure................................................................................. 199

7.2.8 Incoming security level checking procedure .................................................................... 200

7.2.9 Incoming key usage policy checking procedure............................................................... 200

7.3 Security operations ....................................................................................................................... 201

7.3.1 Integer and octet representation........................................................................................ 201

7.3.2 CCM* nonce..................................................................................................................... 201

7.3.3 CCM* prerequisites .......................................................................................................... 201

7.3.4 CCM* transformation data representation ....................................................................... 201

7.3.4.1 Key and nonce data inputs................................................................................ 202

7.3.4.2 a data and m data .............................................................................................. 202

7.3.4.3 c data output...................................................................................................... 202

7.3.5 CCM* inverse transformation data representation ........................................................... 203

7.3.5.1 Key and nonce data inputs................................................................................ 203

7.3.5.2 c data and a data................................................................................................ 203

7.3.5.3 m data output .................................................................................................... 203

7.4 Auxiliary Security header............................................................................................................. 203

7.4.1 Integer and octet representation........................................................................................ 204

7.4.2 Security Control field ....................................................................................................... 204

7.4.2.1 Security Level subfield..................................................................................... 205

7.4.2.2 Key Identifier Mode subfield ........................................................................... 205

7.4.3 Frame Counter field.......................................................................................................... 206

7.4.4 Key Identifier field ........................................................................................................... 206

7.4.4.1 Key Source subfield.......................................................................................... 207

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7.4.4.2 Key Index subfield............................................................................................ 207

7.5 Security-related MAC PIB attributes ........................................................................................... 207

7.5.1 PIB security material ........................................................................................................ 207

7.5.2 Key table........................................................................................................................... 210

7.5.3 Device table ...................................................................................................................... 211

7.5.4 Minimum security level table ........................................................................................... 211

7.5.5 Frame counter ................................................................................................................... 211

7.5.6 Automatic request attributes............................................................................................. 211

7.5.7 Default key source ............................................................................................................ 211

7.5.8 Coordinator address.......................................................................................................... 212

8. PHY layer specification ......................................................................................................................... 212

8.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 212

8.2 Operating modes........................................................................................................................... 212

8.3 General requirements.................................................................................................................... 214

8.3.1 Wavelength band plan ...................................................................................................... 214

8.3.2 Optical mapping ............................................................................................................... 214

8.3.3 Maximum error tolerance for multiple optical sources .................................................... 215

8.3.4 Minimum LIFS, SIFS, and RIFS periods ......................................................................... 216

8.3.5 TX-to-RX turnaround time ............................................................................................... 216

8.3.6 RX-to-TX turnaround time ............................................................................................... 216

8.3.7 Transmit data clock frequency tolerance.......................................................................... 216

8.3.8 Wavelength quality indicator (WQI) ................................................................................ 216

8.3.8.1 OOK and VPPM WQI support......................................................................... 216

8.3.8.2 CSK wavelength quality indication support ..................................................... 217

8.3.9 Clear channel assessment (CCA) ..................................................................................... 217

8.4 Data modes ................................................................................................................................... 217

8.5 Dimming and flicker mitigation ................................................................................................... 218

8.5.1 Dimming during idle time ................................................................................................ 218

8.5.1.1 Idle pattern and compensation time dimming .................................................. 218

8.5.1.2 Visibility pattern dimming................................................................................ 219

8.5.2 Dimming during data transmission time .......................................................................... 220

8.5.2.1 CSK-mode dimming......................................................................................... 220

8.5.2.2 OOK-mode dimming........................................................................................ 220

8.5.2.3 VPPM-mode dimming...................................................................................... 221

8.5.3 Flicker mitigation ............................................................................................................. 222

8.5.4 CSK color stabilization at the transmitter......................................................................... 222

8.6 PPDU format ................................................................................................................................ 224

8.6.1 Preamble field................................................................................................................... 224

8.6.2 PHY header....................................................................................................................... 225

8.6.2.1 Burst mode........................................................................................................ 226

8.6.2.2 Channel number................................................................................................ 226

8.6.2.3 MCS ID............................................................................................................. 226

8.6.2.4 Length of PSDU field ....................................................................................... 226

8.6.2.5 Dimmed OOK extension .................................................................................. 228

8.6.3 Header check sequence (HCS) ......................................................................................... 228

8.6.4 Optional fields .................................................................................................................. 228

8.6.4.1 Tail bits ............................................................................................................. 228

8.6.4.2 Compensation length ........................................................................................ 228

8.6.4.3 Resync length ................................................................................................... 228

8.6.4.4 Subframe length and generation ....................................................................... 229

8.6.4.5 Optional field check sequence generation ........................................................ 229

8.6.4.6 Channel estimation sequence............................................................................ 229

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