深入探索ExtJS：Web前端富客户端开发指南

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本文将深入探讨JavaScript流行框架ExtJS的开发详略。ExtJS作为一种强大的富客户端技术，在Web前端页面设计和用户界面展示方面占据主导地位，尤其适合于构建高度交互和复杂的Web应用。作为一名Web开发者，了解和掌握ExtJS的架构、组件、API以及开发流程是提升技能和项目效率的关键。《ExtJS in Action》这本书由JESUS GARCIA所著，由Manning出版社发行，适用于希望通过实例和实践学习ExtJS的读者。该书详细讲解了如何在Greenwich（经度74°W）的时间线上，利用ExtJS构建高效的应用，包括但不限于组件库的使用、数据绑定、事件处理、状态管理等方面。书中还提供了在线获取此书和其他Manning书籍的渠道，并且提及了购买折扣政策和联系方式，例如通过电子邮件orders@manning.com联系Special Sales Department进行咨询或订购。版权信息强调了所有内容的保护，未经Manning Publications Co.事先书面许可，不得以任何形式复制、存储或传输。此外，由于版权问题，对于制造商和卖家的产品标识，书中会遵循相应的商标声明规范。在实际开发过程中，学习者会了解到ExtJS的特性，如其Model-View-Controller (MVC)架构，有助于组织代码和提高可维护性。同时，书中的内容会覆盖到如何使用Ext JS的数据模型（Ext.data.Model）、视图（Ext.Component和Ext.container.Container）、以及如何通过Ext.Ajax进行异步数据通信。此外，用户界面的定制和布局、响应式设计、主题管理和国际化也是本书的重点内容。深入学习ExtJS还涉及到如何使用其丰富的UI组件库，如Grid（网格）、Window（窗口）、Panel（面板）等，以及如何利用其工具包如Ext.ux扩展库来增强功能。为了更好地实践，读者将学会如何编写单元测试和调试代码，以确保应用的质量和性能。《ExtJS in Action》是一本实用的指南，不仅介绍了理论知识，还提供了实战案例，适合希望进入或深化ExtJS领域开发的Web开发者阅读和学习。通过阅读和实践，开发者可以提升在现代Web开发中的竞争力，为创建动态、高性能的用户界面奠定坚实基础。

preface

It was early 2006, and I was spending many frustrating hours testing and learning

many of the frameworks and libraries on the internet. Seemingly, out of nowhere, I

stumbled upon an extension to YUI or YUI-ext, developed by an unknown at the time,

Jack Slocum.

At last! An Ajax library that was easy to use and well-documented. All of this work

was for a small web application that I was developing during a six-month contract.

Keep in mind that Enterprise Web 2.0 apps were nonexistent, so I knew I was ventur-

ing into uncharted territory.

By late 2006, the project had come to a close, as did the contract, forcing me to

reassess my career goals. I had a strong feeling that the Enterprise Rich Intranet

Application was going to be very popular, so I decided to become as active as I could

in the

YUI-ext community, focusing my efforts on learning, implementing, and

extending the framework. You could say that I became an evangelist of sorts.

Flash forward to the summer of 2008, when Michael Stephens at Manning Publica-

tions contacted me regarding the development of a book for their In Action series.

Becoming an author of a book was something that I had never dreamed of.

Before the challenge of this book was presented to me, I had already spent count-

less hours on the Ext

JS forums helping developers like you and me solve a myriad of

problems. This was in addition to authoring articles published on various blogs, e-

magazine articles, and online video tutorials, some of which are longer in duration

than most shows on television! So, when Michael Stephens contacted me, I was imme-

diately excited to explore this avenue of knowledge transfer.

PREFACExvi

After about a year and a half of work, I can reflect on the late nights and sacrificed

weekends spent trying to figure out ways to explain complex concepts so that any

developer could understand them. During that time, I did my best to interface with

the

MEAP (Manning Early Access Program) readers and Ext JS community, processing

feedback to make this book what it is.

I hope this book is helpful to you. Please feel free to visit us at the Manning Author

Online forum and provide your thoughts, comments, and suggestions.

About this book

Ext (pronounced Eee-ecks-tee) JS 3.0 is an extremely powerful cross-browser UI frame-

work for building rich and robust applications, originally developed by Jack Slocum in

2006. Since then, Ext JS has endured explosive growth because it addresses the need

for web developers to have a true UI framework, complete with a component and

event model. That makes it still unique in the growing competitive space of Web 2.0

libraries.

Written by a member of the Ext

JS community, this book walks you through the

framework in great detail, from the perspective of a peer-to-peer conversation. It uses

examples both small and large to demonstrate how to use Ext JS effectively. It also

includes many custom illustrations to help accelerate learning of the material.

Ext JS is an extremely large framework and continues to grow with every release.

Because of the size of the framework, this book focuses on the core concepts that all

developers need to know to be effective when developing Ext JS apps. Such concepts

include the

Component

lifecycle, each of the layouts, creating extensions and plug-ins,

and so much more.

This book does not cover parts of the framework or modules such as state and

cookie management, Direct, and Designer. Cookie and state management were

passed up in favor of covering other key principle topics, such as developing applica-

tions. Ext Direct is a way to remotely call the client side from the server side and also

allows for seamless communication between the client and server side, but isn’t

included because it requires specific knowledge of server-side languages and thus is

too broad a concept for this publication. The Ext Designer application rapidly creates

rich interfaces for Ext

JS, but isn’t covered because it wasn’t available during the devel-

opment of this book.

Who should read this book?

This book is designed for anyone who wants to learn Ext JS and use it well. Instead of

just being a container for recipes, this book tries to give the reader a deep understand-

ing of how Ext JS works from the inside out and how to apply it in their application

development efforts. The examples are written so that novice and expert JavaScript

developers alike find them useful.

Some skills are required to be able to understand the material in this book, how-

ever. You need to be fairly experienced with JavaScript,

HTML, and CSS, though you

PREFACE xvii

needn’t be an expert in these technologies. If you’re charged with developing the

server-side code, you should be up to speed on how to use your server-side language of

choice to communicate from the web server to your database of choice.

Roadmap

This book is divided into five major parts, each progressively increasing in complexity.

Part 1, “Introduction to Ext JS,” gets your feet wet and lays the foundation for the

rest of the book. The goal of this part is to understand the core concepts of how to use

the framework well, because they’re essential for the comprehension of later parts of

the book. By the end of this section, you’ll know intricacies of the framework that you

can carry well beyond this book.

Chapter 1 begins with a tour of the framework. In this tour, we take a brief look at

some of the underlying machinery. This chapter concludes with a “Hello world”

example.

Chapter 2 is meant to be more of an Ext

JS boot camp, where essential topics, such

as how to initialize Ext JS widgets properly, are covered. In this chapter, we also cover

DOM manipulation and how to use the framework’s template engines.

Chapter 3 closes part 1 by covering four key topics that drive the framework. These

topics include event management, the Component model and lifecycle, and how Ext

JS widgets manage other widgets, known as

Container

In part 2, “Ext JS Components,” we begin to exercise the various widgets in the

framework that are not driven by a data model. We start off by exploring

TabPanel

and

Window

s and then show how to properly implement each of the layouts. This part

closes with a comprehensive walk-through of the various form input fields.

Chapter 4 continues the momentum from chapter 3’s concepts, exploring how

TabPanel

Window

s, and Ext JS

MessageBox

dialog boxes are used.

Chapter 5 springboards off the knowledge gained from chapter 4 and walks you

through implementations of the various layout managers in the framework.

Chapter 6 is somewhat of a show-and-tell chapter, walking through each of the

form input fields that the framework provides and explaining how to submit data via

Ajax. In the end, it uses the layout concepts learned from chapter 5 to construct a

complex multitab

FormPanel

In part 3, “Data-driven Components,” you learn the intricacies of the data-driven

widgets, such as the

GridPanel

EditorGridPanel

DataView

Chart

s, and

TreePanel

The goal of this part is to get you familiar with these complex widgets and their under-

lying data model components.

Chapter 7 is a detailed analysis of the way data

Store

GridPanel

s function and

explains how each of their supporting classes work together.

Chapter 8 teaches you how to use the

EditorGridPanel

widget and introduces key

concepts for creating, updating, and deleting data.

Chapter 9 leverages what you know about the data

Store

to implement

DataView

and

ListView

widgets. You also learn more about the

XTemplate

utility along the way.

PREFACExviii

Chapter 10 is all about

Chart

s. You get an inside look at how to implement and

customize them.

Chapter 11 walks you through implementing

TreePanel

s and explains how the

data for the

TreePanel

needs to be arranged.

Chapter 12 is all about

Toolbar

s, and

Button

s, and you’ll learn how to cre-

ate things such as custom

s and

ButtonGroup

Part 4, “Advanced Ext,” teaches you some of the more complex areas of the frame-

work, such as drag and drop and how to create extensions and plug-ins. Drag and

drop covers a lot of material, so it’s divided into two chapters.

Chapter 13 is designed to ease you into the world of drag and drop, where you

learn about the classes that make drag and drop possible with the framework. Here we

implement basic drag and drop with

DOM elements on the page.

Chapter 14 continues the momentum, focusing on drag and drop with the Ext JS

DataView

GridPanel

, and

TreePanel

widgets.

Chapter 15 explains how extensions and plug-ins work in the framework.

Part 5, “Building applications,” focuses on piecing together what you’ve learned

thus far and constructing a small web application. In this part, you'll learn essential

concepts, such as how to organize your classes via namespaces and on your filesystem.

You'll also learn how to create reusable components that are implemented in your

application.

Chapter 16 teaches you application basics by walking you through the paces of

understanding requirements and abstracting and creating the reusable components.

Chapter 17 ties together all of the reusable components that you created in chap-

ter 16. Here you learn how to combine user interactions using events, providing full

CRUD functionality for data Records.

Code conventions

The following typographical conventions are used throughout the book:

■

Courier

typeface is used in all code listings.

■

Courier

typeface is used within text for certain code words.

■

Italics are used for emphasis and to introduce new terms.

■

Code annotations are used in place of inline comments in the code. These

highlight important concepts or areas of the code. Some annotations appear

with numbered bullets like this

that are referenced later in the text.

Code downloads

You can download the examples for chapters 1 through 15 of this book via http://

extjsinaction.com/examples.zip and can view and exercise them online via http://

examples.extjsinaction.com/. The source code downloads are also available from the

publisher’s website at www.manning.com/ExtJSinAction.

PREFACE xix

Author Online

The purchase of Ext JS in Action includes free access to a private forum run by Man-

ning Publications where you can make comments about the book, ask technical ques-

tions, and receive help from the author and other users. You can access and subscribe

to the forum at www.manning.com/ExtJSinAction. This page provides information on

how to get on the forum once you’re registered, what kind of help is available, and the

rules of conduct in the forum.

Manning’s commitment to our readers is to provide a venue where a meaningful

dialogue among individual readers and between readers and the author can take

place. It’s not a commitment to any specific amount of participation on the part of the

author, whose contribution to the book’s forum remains voluntary (and unpaid). We

suggest you try asking the author some challenging questions, lest his interest stray!

The Author Online forum and the archives of previous discussions will be accessi-

ble from the publisher’s website as long as the book is in print. Finally, additions to

the content will be added to the author’s online blog for the book, located at http://

extjsinaction.com.

About the title

By combining introductions, overviews, and how-to examples, the In Action books are

designed to help learning and remembering. According to research in cognitive sci-

ence, the things people remember are things they discover during self-motivated

exploration.

Although no one at Manning is a cognitive scientist, we are convinced that for

learning to become permanent, it must pass through stages of exploration, play, and,

interestingly, retelling of what is being learned. People understand and remember

new things, which is to say they master them, only after actively exploring them.

Humans learn in action. An essential part of an In Action book is that it is example

driven. It encourages the reader to try things out, to play with new code, and to

explore new ideas.

There is another, more mundane reason for the title of this book: our readers are

busy. They use books to do a job or solve a problem. They need books that allow them

to jump in and jump out easily and learn just what they want, just when they want it.

They need books that aid them in action. The books in this series are designed for

such readers.

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