心理学家的MATLAB指南：英文版入门教程

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"MATLAB for Psychologists" 是一本专为心理学专业设计的MATLAB教程，由Mauro Borgo、Alessandro Soranzo和Massimo Grassi合著。本书旨在帮助心理学领域的学者和学生掌握MATLAB的基本知识和应用，以便进行数据分析和研究。书中包含练习题，适合初学者入门。 MATLAB是一种强大的编程环境，广泛用于科学计算、图像处理、数据分析等领域。对于心理学专业的学生和研究人员来说，学习MATLAB能够帮助他们高效地处理实验数据、构建模型和可视化结果。本书的内容可能涵盖以下几个方面： 1. **MATLAB基础知识**：介绍MATLAB的工作环境、基本数据类型（如向量、矩阵和数组）、运算符以及流程控制结构（如循环和条件语句）。 2. **数据导入与导出**：讲解如何将实验数据导入MATLAB进行分析，并将结果导出到其他软件或格式，这对于心理学研究尤为重要，因为通常涉及各种实验数据格式。 3. **统计分析**：MATLAB拥有丰富的统计函数库，包括描述性统计、假设检验（如t检验、ANOVA）、回归分析等，这些在心理学实验分析中非常实用。 4. **图形绘制**：MATLAB可以生成高质量的图表，包括折线图、散点图、直方图等，这对于展示和解释心理学实验结果至关重要。 5. **信号处理**：对于涉及脑电图（EEG）、功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）等生理信号的数据，MATLAB提供了专门的工具箱进行预处理和分析。 6. **函数和脚本编写**：教授如何编写自定义函数和脚本来自动化重复任务，提高工作效率。 7. **数值优化**：在模型拟合或参数估计中，MATLAB的优化工具箱可以帮助找到最佳解决方案。 8. **实践应用**：书中附带的练习题旨在让读者通过实际操作来巩固所学知识，这些练习可能基于真实的心理学实验场景。 9. **交互式界面设计**：MATLAB可以创建用户界面，使非程序员也能使用定制的分析工具，这在心理学研究中可以提升实验的可复制性和效率。通过阅读和实践"MATLAB for Psychologists"，心理学专业人士能够获得必要的计算技能，增强他们在研究中的竞争力，并且更好地理解和应用统计方法，从而推动心理学领域的发展。此外，本书由Springer出版，保证了内容的专业性和权威性。

1 Basic Operations

At this stage, you may wonder about the shape of the box or its volume. The answer

is not straightforward. However, by typing the whos command, MATLAB prompts

all the variables currently active in the working session:

>> whos <ENTER>

Name Size Bytes Class Attributes

age 1 × 1 8 double

Nfriends 1 × 1 8 double

The whos command gives you a list of all the variables created in the workspace

together with their characteristics. In order to understand the meaning of such

characteristics, consider the analogy between variable and box, as presented in the

following table:

Variable Box Visual interpretation

Name Name of the box

Size Number of objects you have put in

(in the previous case, just one

object, i.e., 1 × 1).

Bytes Total volume of the box. This is the

number of objects multiplied by

the dimension of each (to store

a number you need 8 bytes)

Class Type of object you can put inside

the box (in the previous case,

it is a number stored with double

precision )

Attributes Other information

Note that the variables list obtained using the command whos can readily be seen

in the Workspace Window (see Fig. 1.1 ).

One nice thing that MATLAB does when you create a variable is that it automati-

cally selects the most suitable type of box for the variable. You need, however, to

know a few simple rules about variable names:

1. The variable name must start with a letter.

2. It may consist only of the letters a–z, the digits 0–9, and the underscore (_). You

cannot have a name with spaces or others symbols (such as +, ^, *).

3. MATLAB is case-sensitive, which means that it distinguishes between upper-

and lowercase letters. So age is different from AgE or Age .

1 Basic Operations

The command clear can be followed by the speciﬁ cation all , and all the variables

stored in the workspace are deleted. To test whether this is indeed the case, type the

whos command:

>> clear all <ENTER>

>> whos <ENTER>

Note that you receive no answer from MATLAB because there is nothing to display.

At the same time, you can see that the Workspace Window (Fig. 1.1 ) is empty.

With variables you can type complex expressions and store the result. Let’s try:

>> number=13; <ENTER>

>> a=14; <ENTER>

>> c=pi*((number+a/2)/10); <ENTER>

MATLAB doesn’t give an answer because you ended the command with the

semicolon (;) which prevents the value of number from being echoed on the screen.

However, number still has the value 13, as you can see by entering its name without

a semicolon (or looking at the Workspace Window):

>> number <ENTER>

number =

>> c <ENTER>

c =

6.2832

Thinking in a Matrix Way

Our ﬁ rst question about matrices is, “What is a Matrix?” We are not talking about

the ﬁ lm , the sequels, the comic books, or the video games. For us, a matrix isn’t a

complex computer simulation that you have to do battle with to save humanity.

However, you can choose to continue to read the book (in analogy to the blue pill in

the ﬁ lm that allows you to lead your normal life) to learn how use MATrix

LABoratory to create innovative experiments, thereby changing the world with your

discoveries.

In MATLAB, a matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, as shown in the follow-

ing Fig. 1.2 .

The horizontal lines of a matrix are called rows, and the vertical lines are called

columns. The numbers in the matrix are called entries. A matrix with m rows and n

columns is called an m × n matrix. A matrix one of whose dimensions equals one is

often called a vector. An m × 1 matrix (one column and m rows) is called a column

vector, and a 1 × n matrix (one row and n columns) is called a row vector.

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