SDIO协议：物理层简化规范Ver6.00解析

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"SDIO协议，物理层简明规格书，版本6.00，由SD卡协会技术委员会发布，涵盖了SD卡从2006年到2017年的技术发展历程，包括SDHC、SDXC、UHS-I、UHS-II等标准，以及速度等级和视频速度类别的提升。" SDIO（Secure Digital Input/Output）协议是SD卡规范的一部分，它扩展了SD卡的功能，使其不仅能用作存储设备，还可以作为输入/输出设备，如无线通信模块、GPS接收器等。该协议定义了SD卡与主机系统之间的物理连接和通信方式。《Physical Layer Simplified Specification》是SD卡协会发布的官方文档，用于详细描述SD卡物理层的标准。这个版本6.00的更新包括了以下关键点： 1. 版本1.10：这是物理层简明规格书的初始版本，包含了基础的SD卡物理层规范，同时应用了Supplementary Notes Ver1.00。 2. 版本2.00：引入了高容量记忆卡（SDHC），支持Speed Class 2/4/6，提高了存储容量和传输速度。 3. 版本3.01：进一步扩展到超大容量记忆卡（SDXC），加入了Ultra High Speed I (UHS-I)接口，定义了Speed Class 10和UHS Speed Grade 1，同时设定了电流限制。 4. 版本4.10：引入了UHS-II接口，提升了数据传输速率，并定义了UHS Speed Grade 3，设定了功率限制，还引入了Function Extension Specification，增加了SD卡的功能性。 5. 版本5.00：加入了Video Speed Class (VSC)，如VSC4/6/10/30/60/90，这些类别专为高清视频录制设计，确保了稳定的写入性能。 6. 版本6.00：继续改进视频速度类别，提供了更高速度的支持，以满足更高分辨率视频的需求。每个版本的更新都反映了SD卡技术在容量、速度和功能上的不断进步，旨在满足日益增长的数据存储和高速传输需求。对于设计和开发涉及SD卡的硬件或软件系统的工程师来说，理解并遵循这些规格是至关重要的，因为它们确保了设备间的兼容性和性能一致性。

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 6.00

xvi

Table 4-37 : Response R2 .............................................................................................................................. 98

Table 4-38 : Response R3 .............................................................................................................................. 99

Table 4-39 : Response R6 .............................................................................................................................. 99

Table 4-40 : Response R7 ............................................................................................................................ 100

Table 4-41 : Voltage Accepted in R7 ............................................................................................................ 100

Table 4-42 : Card Status............................................................................................................................... 103

Table 4-43 : Card Status Field/Command - Cross Reference ..................................................................... 104

Table 4-44 : SD Status ................................................................................................................................ 106

Table 4-45 : Speed Class Code Field .......................................................................................................... 106

Table 4-46 : Performance Move Field .......................................................................................................... 107

Table 4-47 : AU_SIZE Field .......................................................................................................................... 107

Table 4-48 : Maximum AU size ..................................................................................................................... 107

Table 4-49 : Erase Size Field ....................................................................................................................... 108

Table 4-50 : Erase Timeout Field ................................................................................................................. 108

Table 4-51 : Erase Offset Field ..................................................................................................................... 108

Table 4-52 : UHS_SPEED_GRADE Field .................................................................................................... 109

Table 4-53 : UHS_AU_SIZE Field ................................................................................................................ 109

Table 4-54 : VIDEO_SPEED_CLASS Field ................................................................................................. 109

Table 4-55 : VSC_AU_SIZE Field ................................................................................................................ 110

Table 4-56 : Valid AU Size and SU Size ........................................................................................................ 111

Table 4-57 : SUS_ADDR Field ...................................................................................................................... 111

Table 4.10.2-1 : APP_PERF_CLASS Field ................................................................................................... 111

Table 4.10.2-2 : PERFORMANCE_ENHANCE Field .................................................................................. 112

Table 4.10.2-3 : Command Queue Support Field ........................................................................................ 112

Table 4.10.3-1 : Task Status ......................................................................................................................... 112

Table 4-58 : Timing Diagram Symbols ......................................................................................................... 113

Table 4-59 : Timing Values (Except SDR50, DDR50 and SDR104) ............................................................ 113

Table 4-60 : Timing Values for SDR50, DDR50 and SDR104 Modes ......................................................... 113

Table 4-61 : Measurement Condition of Speed Class (SDSC and SDHC) ................................................. 119

Table 4-62 : Performance Requirements for Each Class (SDSC and SDHC) ............................................ 120

Table 4-63 : Measurement Conditions of Speed Class (SDXC) .................................................................. 123

Table 4-64 : Performance Requirements for Each Class (SDXC) ............................................................... 124

Table 4-65 : Speed Grade Measurement Conditions for UHS-I and UHS-II ............................................... 128

Table 4-66 : Video Speed Class Violating Conditions .................................................................................. 130

Table 4-67 : Busy Time for CMD20 Operations ........................................................................................... 136

Table 4-68 : SD Interface Mode Requirements for Video Speed Classes ................................................... 137

Table 4-69 : Video Speed Class Measurement Conditions ......................................................................... 145

Table 4-70 : Clock Condition for Video Speed Class ................................................................................... 145

Table 4-71 : Power Limit per Interface for Video Speed Class .................................................................... 145

Table 4-72: Clock Condition for Application Performance Class ................................................................. 150

Table 4-73: Power Limit per Interface for Application Performance Class ................................................. 151

Table 4-74 : Command Support list in CQ Mode ......................................................................................... 156

Table 4-75 : CURRENT_STATE for CQ Mode ............................................................................................. 157

Table 5-1 : OCR Register Definition ............................................................................................................. 161

Table 5-2 : The CID Fields ............................................................................................................................ 162

Table 5-3 : CSD Register Structure .............................................................................................................. 163

Table 5-4 : The CSD Register Fields (CSD Version 1.0) ............................................................................. 164

Table 5-5 : TAAC Access Time Definition ..................................................................................................... 165

Table 5-6 : Maximum Data Transfer Rate Definition .................................................................................... 165

Table 5-7 : Supported Card Command Classes .......................................................................................... 166

Table 5-8 : Data Block Length ...................................................................................................................... 166

Table 5-9 : DSR Implementation Code Table ............................................................................................... 167

Table 5-10 : V

Min. Current Consumption............................................................................................... 167

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 6.00

xvii

Table 5-11 : V

Max. Current Consumption .............................................................................................. 167

Table 5-12 : Multiply Factor for the Device Size .......................................................................................... 168

Table 5-13 : R2W_FACTOR ......................................................................................................................... 169

Table 5-14 : Data Block Length .................................................................................................................... 169

Table 5-15 : File Formats.............................................................................................................................. 170

Table 5-16 : The CSD Register Fields (CSD Version 2.0) ........................................................................... 171

Table 5-17 : The SCR Fields ........................................................................................................................ 174

Table 5-18 : SCR Register Structure Version............................................................................................... 174

Table 5-19 : Physical Layer Specification Version ....................................................................................... 175

Table 5-20 : CPRM Security Version ............................................................................................................ 177

Table 5-21 : SD Memory Card Supported Bus Widths ................................................................................ 177

Table 5-22 : Extended Security .................................................................................................................... 178

Table 5-23 : Command Support Bits ............................................................................................................ 178

Table 5-24 : Field Definition of Extension Register Set Address ................................................................. 191

Table 5-25 : Function Extension Event Register .......................................................................................... 191

Table 5-26 : Setting Combination of FXE Register Set ................................................................................ 192

Table 5-27 : Standard Function Code Assignment Table ............................................................................. 193

Table 5-28 : Power Management Register Set ............................................................................................ 193

Table 5-29 : General Information of Power Management Function ............................................................. 198

Table 5-30 : Performance Enhancement Register Set ................................................................................ 200

Table 5-31 : General Information of Performance Enhancement Function ................................................. 201

Table 6-1: DSR Register Contents ............................................................................................................... 206

Table 6-2 : Threshold Level for High Voltage ............................................................................................... 206

Table 6-3 : Peak Voltage and Leakage Current ........................................................................................... 206

Table 6-4 : Bus Operating Conditions - Signal Line's Load ......................................................................... 206

Table 7-1 : Command Format ...................................................................................................................... 217

Table 7-2 : Command Classes in SPI Mode ................................................................................................ 218

Table 7-3 : Commands and Arguments ........................................................................................................ 222

Table 7-4 : Application Specific Commands used/reserved by SD Memory Card - SPI Mode ................... 223

Table 7-5 : Card Operation for CMD8 in SPI Mode ..................................................................................... 224

Table 7-6 : SPI Mode Status Bits ................................................................................................................. 230

Table F - 1 : Combination of Codes to Identify a Function Driver ................................................................ 240

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 6.00

1. General Description

SD Memory Card is a memory card that is specifically designed to meet the security, capacity,

performance, and environment requirements inherent in newly emerging audio and video consumer

electronic devices. The SD Memory Card will include a content protection mechanism that complies with

the security of the SDMI standard and will be faster and capable of higher Memory capacity. The SD

Memory Card security system uses mutual authentication and a "new cipher algorithm" to protect against

illegal usage of the card content. A Non-secure access to the user's own content is also available.

SD memory cards may also support a second security system based on commonly used standards, such

as ISO-7816, which can be used to interface the SD memory card into public networks and other systems

supporting mobile e-commerce and digital signature applications.

In addition to the SD Memory Card, there is the SD I/O (SDIO) Card. The SDIO Card specification is

defined in a separate specification named: "SDIO Card Specification" that can be obtained from the SD

Association. The SDIO Specification defines an SD card that may contain interfaces between various I/O

units and an SD Host. The SDIO card may contain memory storage capability as well as its I/O

functionality. The Memory portion of SDIO card shall be fully compatible to the given Physical Layer

Specification. The SDIO card is based on and compatible with the SD Memory card. This compatibility

includes mechanical, electrical, power, signalling, and software. The intent of the SD I/O card is to provide

high-speed data I/O with low power consumption for mobile electronic devices. A primary goal is that an

I/O card inserted into a non-SDIO aware host will cause no physical damage or disruption of that device

or its software. In this case, the I/O card should simply be ignored. Once inserted into an SDIO aware

host, the detection of the card will be via the normal means described in the given Physical Layer

Specification with some extensions that are described in the SDIO Specification.

The SD Memory Card communication is based on an advanced 9-pin interface (Clock, Command, 4xData

and 3xPower lines) designed to operate in at maximum operating frequency of 208 MHz and low voltage

range. The communication protocol is defined as a part of this specification.

The SD Specifications are divided into several documents. The SD Specifications documentation

structure is given in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1 : SD Specifications Documentation Structure

• Audio Specification:

This specification, along with other application specifications, describes the specification of a specific

application (in this case - Audio Application) and the requirements to implement it.

• File System Specification:

The specification describes the specification of the file format structure of the data saved in the SD

Memory Card (in User Area and Protected Area).

• Security Specification:

Application Specifications

Part 4 Audio

Part 8 Video

Other Applications

Part 3 Security

Part 2 File System

Part 1 Physical Layer

UHS-II Addendum

Mechanical Addenda

eSD Addendum (Embedded)

Part A1

Advanced

Security SD

Extension

Part E1 SDIO

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 6.00

The specification describes the content protection mechanism and the application-specific commands

that support it.

• Physical Layer Specification (this document):

The specification describes the physical interface and the command protocol used by the SD Memory

Card. The purpose of the Physical Layer specification is to define the SD Memory Card, its environment,

and handling.

The document is divided into several portions. Chapter 3 gives a general overview of the system

concepts. The common SD Memory Card characteristics are described in Chapter 4. As this description

defines an overall set of card properties, we recommend using the product documentation in parallel. The

card registers are described in Chapter 5.

Chapter 6 defines the electrical parameters of the SD Memory Card's hardware interface.

Mechanical Specification described in Chapter 8 in Version 2.00 is moved to the Standard Size

Mechanical Addendum.

There are three mechanical addenda depend on form factors.

(1) Standard Size Mechanical Addendum

(2) miniSD Mechanical Addendum

(3) microSD Mechanical Addendum

UHS-II Interface Specification is defined by the UHS-II Addendum.

Un-removable memory device for embedded application is defined by the eSD Addendum.

As used in this document, "shall" or "will" denote a mandatory provision of the standard. "Should" denotes

a provision that is recommended but is not mandatory. "May" denotes a feature, which may or may not

be present–at the option of the implementer–and whose presence does not preclude compliance.

• Mc-EX Interface Specification: (This section was added in version 1.10)

Part A1 of the SD memory card specification (Refer to Figure 1-1) serves as an extension to the SD card

Physical Layer Specification and provides all of the definitions required to transfer the Mobile Commerce

Extension (Mc-EX) command packets from the Mc-EX host to the Mc-EX enabled SD memory card, and

vice versa.

• SDIO Specification

SDIO card and embedded SDIO are specified based on the Physical Layer Specification and

modifications and extensions are described in the Part E1 SDIO Specification.

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 6.00

2. System Features

 Targeted for portable and stationary applications

 Capacity of Memory

(1) Standard Capacity SD Memory Card (SDSC): Up to and including 2 GB

(2) High Capacity SD Memory Card (SDHC): More than 2GB and up to and including 32GB

(3) Extended Capacity SD Memory Card (SDXC): More than 32GB and up to and including 2TB

 Voltage range:

High Voltage SD Memory Card – Operating voltage range: 2.7-3.6 V

UHS-II SD Memory Card – Operating voltage range VDD1: 2.7-3.6 V, VDD2: 1.70-1.95V

 Designed for read-only and read/write cards.

 Bus Speed Mode (using 4 parallel data lines)

(1) Default Speed mode: 3.3V signaling, Frequency up to 25 MHz, up to 12.5 MB/sec

(2) High Speed mode: 3.3V signaling, Frequency up to 50 MHz, up to 25 MB/sec

(3) SDR12: UHS-I 1.8V signaling, Frequency up to 25 MHz, up to 12.5MB/sec

(4) SDR25: UHS-I 1.8V signaling, Frequency up to 50 MHz, up to 25MB/sec

(5) SDR50: UHS-I 1.8V signaling, Frequency up to 100 MHz, up to 50MB/sec

(6) SDR104: UHS-I 1.8V signaling, Frequency up to 208 MHz, up to 104MB/sec

(7) DDR50: UHS-I 1.8V signaling, Frequency up to 50 MHz, sampled on both clock edges, up to

50MB/sec

(8) UHS156: UHS-II RCLK Frequency Range 26MHz - 52MHz, up to 1.56Gbps per lane.

(9) UHS624: UHS-II RCLK Frequency Range 26MHz- 52MHz, up to 6.24Gbps per lane.

 Switch function command supports Bus Speed Mode, Command System, Drive Strength, and future

functions

 Correction of memory field errors

 Card removal during read operation will never harm the content

 Content Protection Mechanism - Complies with highest security of SDMI standard.

 Password Protection of cards (CMD42 - LOCK_UNLOCK)

 Write Protect feature using mechanical switch

 Built-in write protection features (permanent and temporary)

 Card Detection (Insertion/Removal)

 Application specific commands

 Comfortable erase mechanism

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