精通Subversion：实战指南

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“Pragmatic Guide to Subversion”是一本关于Subversion的实用指南，由经验丰富的Mike带领读者深入了解这个广泛使用的开源版本控制系统。这本书结合了Subversion的基础知识和实际项目中的应用经验，为开发者提供了日常工作中所需的重要参考。 Subversion是一个免费的开源版本控制系统，被广泛认为是业界的事实标准。作为开发者，你很可能在工作中遇到Subversion，因为它在代码管理和协作中扮演着关键角色。这本书的作者对Subversion有深入的理解，并且目睹了它在真实项目中的应用，这使得书中的内容既有理论基础，又充满了实践经验。读者反馈中，Jim Webber，REST in Practice的作者，赞赏Mike对Subversion的深入理解和实践经验，认为这本书是他日常使用和解决疑难问题的理想指南。Ian Bourke，一位独立软件开发者，赞扬了书籍的组织结构和易读性，认为它是Subversion用户不可或缺的参考资料。Graham Nash提到，这本书对Subversion的功能进行了良好的概述，从基础到高级主题的过渡自然，是“Pragmatic Version Control Using Subversion”的优秀后续之作。 Subversion的核心功能包括： 1. 版本控制：Subversion能够跟踪文件和目录的历史变更，允许用户回滚到之前的版本。 2. 分支与合并：它支持创建分支来实验性的开发，而不会影响主线代码，同时提供方便的合并机制将分支的更改整合回去。 3. 协作工作流：通过Subversion，团队成员可以同时编辑代码，系统会自动解决冲突，确保代码的一致性。 4. 安全性：Subversion提供了权限管理，确保只有授权的用户可以访问和修改代码库。 5. 数据恢复：如果发生错误或数据丢失，Subversion可以恢复到之前的任何状态。 6. 远程工作：Subversion可以通过互联网连接，使远程团队能够协同工作。 “Pragmatic Guide to Subversion”这本书不仅介绍了这些基本功能，还涵盖了如何在实际项目中有效利用它们的策略和技巧，帮助开发者避免常见陷阱，提高工作效率。对于初学者和经验丰富的Subversion用户来说，这本书都是一个宝贵的资源，能够提升他们在版本控制领域的技能和理解。

INSTALLINGA COMMAND-LINECLIENT 16

Installing a Command-Line Client

W e recommend installing the command-line client e v e n if you intend to do

most of your w o r k with a graphical client. It’s useful to have the basic

functionality a v a i l a b l e as a fal l bac k , in case you can’t get the GUI to do what

you w a n t .

Installing the client on W i n d o w s is fai r l y straightforward; just double-click

the installer from CollabNet, and it will set e v e r y t h i n g up for you. Y o u can

get the W i n d o w s command-line client from other distributors than

CollabNet, b u t the installers generally aren’t as friendly .

Installing Subversion on the Mac is somewhat complicated because you have

several options. Depending on which release of OS X you’re using, you may

already have the command-line Subversion client. Snow Leopard comes

with Subversion 1.6, Leopard comes with Subversion 1.4, and older releases

of OS X don’t come with Subversion at all. If you’re using anything older

than Snow Leopard, you should upgrade to the latest release of Subversion.

If you have MacPorts or Fink installed on your system, then you can use their

package managers to install Subversion. If you haven’t heard of these tools,

don’t w o r r y ; they’re just a convenient w a y to get Unix tools on the Mac.

Subversion is a v a i l a b l e as part of the ofﬁcial Ubuntu distribution, so it might

already be installed on your system. If not, just use the aptpackage manager

to install it. Graphical Subversion clients are a v a i l a b l e for Ubuntu such as

Subcommander or RapidSVN, b u t for the purposes of this book, we’ll stick

to the command-line client.

If you’ re more comfortable using the Ubuntu desktop than the command

line, you can also install Subversion using Synaptic, Ubuntu’s graphical

package manager.

Once you’ ve installed the Subversion command-line client, you should be

able to open a command prompt and run Subversion commands. T o see what

release of Subversion is installed, run svn --version. Y o u should see

something like this:

prompt> svn --version

svn, version 1.6.12 (r955767)

compiled Jun 23 2010, 10:32:19

Make sure you have Subversion 1.6 or newer . The w o r k i n g copy format

changed in Subversion 1.5 and again in 1.6, and older clients cannot use the

new formats.

Report erratum

this copy is (P1.0 printing, October 2010)

Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com>

INSTALLINGA GRAPHICALCLIENTONMAC OSX 20

Installing a Graphical Client on Mac

OS X

Cornerstone is one of several Subversion clients a v a i l a b l e for the Mac. It has

a nice, clean interface and a similar feel to other OS X applications.

Cornerstone is commercial software, so you need to b u y a license to use it

longer than its free 14-day trial period.

The Cornerstone window has several sections. Along the top is a b u t t o n bar

with icons for the most common Subversion operations. T o the left is a

column containing the working copy source list and the r e p o s i t o r y source

list. In the center is the main w o r k i n g window , which can show a working

copy br owser, a commit view, and a range of other information depending on

what you currently have selected. T o the right is the inspector, which shows

more detail about the currently selected item.

If you already know the URL for the repository you w a n t to access, click the

Add Repository ... b u t t o n or click the small + b u t t o n at the top of the

repository source list. Most repositories will be either HTTP or SVN Server;

ask your administrator if you’re not sure. When adding a repository , it’s best

to omit the trunk directory from the end of the URL so that you can see the

top-level directories and w o r k with them.

If you don’t know the URL for your repository, you should ask the person in

charge of your project. If that person is you, use the instructions in T a s k 5,

Creating an Empty Project, on page 24 to set up your project. If you’ d like to

set up a local repository to get going quickly , see T a s k 4, Creating a Local

Repository, on page 22.

Adding a repository to the repository source list doesn’t actually copy any

ﬁles to your computer; we’ll do that in T a s k 7, Checking Out a W o r k i n g

Copy, on page 32. The rest of the Cornerstone e x a m p l e s in this book assume

you have added the Subversion repository for your project.

Report erratum

this copy is (P1.0 printing, October 2010)

Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com>

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