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ISO/IEC 23008-2 : 201x (E)
4 Draft Rec. ITU-T H.HEVC (201x E)
3.6 bin: One bit of a bin string.
3.7 binarization: A set of bin strings for all possible values of a syntax element.
3.8 binarization process: A unique mapping process of all possible values of a syntax element onto a set of bin
strings.
3.9 bin string: An intermediate binary representation of values of syntax elements from the binarization of the
syntax element.
3.10 bi-predictive (B) slice: A slice that may be decoded using intra prediction or inter prediction using at most
two motion vectors and reference indices to predict the sample values of each block.
3.11 bitstream: A sequence of bits, in the form of a NAL unit stream or a byte stream, that forms the representation
of coded pictures and associated data forming one or more CVSs.
3.12 block: An MxN (M-column by N-row) array of samples, or an MxN array of transform coefficients.
3.13 broken link: A location in a bitstream at which it is indicated that some subsequent pictures in decoding order
may contain serious visual artefacts due to unspecified operations performed in the generation of the bitstream.
3.14 broken link access (BLA) access unit: An access unit in which the coded picture is a BLA picture.
3.15 broken link access (BLA) picture: An IRAP picture for which each VCL NAL unit has nal_unit_type equal to
BLA_W_LP, BLA_W_RADL, or BLA_N_LP.
NOTE 2 – A BLA picture contains only I slices, and may be the first picture in the bitstream in decoding order, or
may appear later in the bitstream. Each BLA picture begins a new CVS, and has the same effect on the decoding
process as an IDR picture. However, a BLA picture contains syntax elements that specify a non-empty RPS. When a
BLA picture for which each VCL NAL unit has nal_unit_type equal to BLA_W_LP, it may have associated RASL
pictures, which are not output by the decoder and may not be decodable, as they may contain references to pictures
that are not present in the bitstream. When a BLA picture for which each VCL NAL unit has nal_unit_type equal to
BLA_W_LP, it may also have associated RADL pictures, which are specified to be decoded. When a BLA picture for
which each VCL NAL unit has nal_unit_type equal to BLA_W_RADL, it does not have associated RASL pictures
but may have associated RADL pictures. When a BLA picture for which each VCL NAL unit has nal_unit_type equal
to BLA_N_LP, it does not have any associated leading pictures.
3.16 buffering period: The set of access units starting with an access unit that contains a buffering period SEI
message and containing all subsequent access units in decoding order up to but not including the next access
unit (when present) that contains a buffering period SEI message.
3.17 byte: A sequence of 8 bits, within which, when written or read as a sequence of bit values, the left-most and
right-most bits represent the most and least significant bits, respectively.
3.18 byte-aligned: A position in a bitstream is byte-aligned when the position is an integer multiple of 8 bits from
the position of the first bit in the bitstream, and a bit or byte or syntax element is said to be byte-aligned when
the position at which it appears in a bitstream is byte-aligned.
3.19 byte stream: An encapsulation of a NAL unit stream containing start code prefixes and NAL units as specified
in Annex B.
3.20 can: A term used to refer to behaviour that is allowed, but not necessarily required.
3.21 chroma: An adjective, represented by the symbols Cb and Cr, specifying that a sample array or single sample
is representing one of the two colour difference signals related to the primary colours.
NOTE 3 – The term chroma is used rather than the term chrominance in order to avoid the implication of the use of
linear light transfer characteristics that is often associated with the term chrominance.
3.22 clean random access (CRA) access unit: An access unit in which the coded picture is a CRA picture.
3.23 clean random access (CRA) picture: An IRAP picture for which each VCL NAL unit has nal_unit_type equal
to CRA_NUT.
NOTE 4 – A CRA picture contains only I slices, and may be the first picture in the bitstream in decoding order, or
may appear later in the bitstream. A CRA picture may have associated RADL or RASL pictures. When a CRA
picture has NoRaslOutputFlag equal to 1, the associated RASL pictures are not output by the decoder, because they
may not be decodable, as they may contain references to pictures that are not present in the bitstream.
3.24 coded picture: A coded representation of a picture containing all coding tree units of the picture.
3.25 coded picture buffer (CPB): A first-in first-out buffer containing decoding units in decoding order specified
in the hypothetical reference decoder in Annex C.
3.26 coded representation: A data element as represented in its coded form.