掌握Vi与Vim编辑器：第7版精要

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"Learning the vi and Vim Editors (7th Edition)" 是一本关于Linux系统中经典文本编辑器vi和其增强版Vim的详细教程。这本书针对的是想要深入理解和掌握这两个强大编辑器的用户。 vi（Visual Editor）是Unix和类Unix系统中的一个标准文本编辑器，而Vim（Vi IMproved）则是vi的现代改进版本，它添加了许多新功能和改进，使其更适合现代编程需求。Vim在保留vi原有命令集的同时，提供了语法高亮、自动缩进、括号匹配、多窗口编辑、宏录制与回放等功能，使得程序员和系统管理员的工作效率得以大幅提升。本书第七版涵盖了vi和Vim的基础操作，包括启动编辑器、移动光标、插入文本、删除和复制内容、查找与替换、撤销与重做等基本编辑任务。同时，深入讲解了更高级的主题，如正则表达式、宏、插件、脚本编写以及自定义配置，帮助用户充分利用Vim的强大功能。除了基础操作，书中还可能涉及了如何在Vim中进行高效编程，例如在Vim中使用Git进行版本控制，以及与其他开发工具（如编译器、调试器）的集成。对于初学者，书中的练习和提示将有助于快速上手；对于经验丰富的用户，它则提供了进一步提升技能和工作效率的途径。此外，O'Reilly出版社还提供了其他与Linux和Unix相关的书籍资源，如"vi Editor Pocket Reference"帮助快速查阅vi命令，"Unix in a Nutshell"概述了Unix系统的常用工具和命令，"Classic Shell Scripting"介绍了Unix shell脚本编程，"The Productive Programmer"探讨提高开发效率的方法，"Unix Power Tools"提供实用的Unix工具集合，以及"Mac OS X for Unix Geeks"为熟悉Unix环境的用户提供了Mac OS X的操作指南。 O'Reilly官方网站oreilly.com不仅提供这些书籍的详细信息，还包括新闻、事件、文章、博客、样本章节和代码示例，是开发者获取最新技术和工具信息的重要平台。O'Reilly的在线参考库Safari Bookshelf允许订阅者搜索上千本书的内容，迅速找到技术问题的答案，极大地提高了学习和工作的效率。通过参与O'Reilly Media的会议，读者可以与业界创新者交流，了解并跟进最新的工具和系统，将创新者的知识转化为实际技能。访问conferences.oreilly.com可以查看即将举行的活动信息。 "Learning the vi and Vim Editors (7th Edition)" 是一个全面学习和提升vi及Vim使用技巧的宝贵资源，对于在Linux或Unix环境中工作的IT专业人士来说尤其有价值。

Chapter 8, Introduction to the vi Clones, provides an introduction to the extensions

available in the four vi clones covered in this book. It centralizes in one place the

descriptions of multiwindow editing, GUI interfaces, extended regular expressions,

facilities that make editing easier, and several other features, providing a roadmap to

what follows in the rest of this book. It also provides a pointer to source code for the

original vi, which can be compiled easily on modern Unix systems (including GNU/

Linux).

Part II, Vim, describes Vim, the most popular vi clone in the early part of the 21st

century.

Chapter 9, Vim (vi Improved): An Introduction, provides a general introduction to Vim,

including where to get binary versions for popular operating systems and some of the

different ways to use Vim.

Chapter 10, Major Vim Improvements over vi, describes the major improvements in

Vim over vi, such as built-in help, control over initialization, additional motion com-

mands, and extended regular expressions.

Chapter 11, Multiple Windows in Vim, focuses on multiwindow editing, which is per-

haps the most significant additional feature over standard vi. This chapter provides all

the details on creating and using multiple windows.

Chapter 12, Vim Scripts, looks into the Vim command language, which lets you write

scripts to customize and tailor Vim to suit your needs. Much of Vim’s ease of use “out

of the box” comes from the large number of scripts that other users have already written

and contributed to the Vim distribution.

Chapter 13, Graphical Vim (gvim), looks at Vim in modern GUI environments, such

as those that are now standard on commercial Unix systems, GNU/Linux and other

Unix work-alikes, and MS Windows.

Chapter 14, Vim Enhancements for Programmers, focuses on Vim’s use as a program-

mer’s editor, above and beyond its facilities for general text editing. Of particular value

are the folding and outlining facilities, smart indenting, syntax highlighting, and edit-

compile-debug cycle speedups.

Chapter 15, Other Cool Stuff in Vim, is a bit of a catch-all chapter, covering a number

of interesting points that don’t fit into the earlier chapters.

Part III, Other vi Clones, describes three other popular vi clones: nvi, elvis, and vile.

Chapter 16, nvi: New vi, Chapter 17, Elvis, and Chapter 18, vile: vi Like Emacs, cover

the various vi clones—nvi, elvis, and vile—showing you how to use their extensions

to vi and discussing the features that are specific to each one.

Part IV, Appendixes, provides useful reference material.

xiv | Preface

Appendix A, The vi, ex, and Vim Editors, lists all vi and ex commands, sorted by func-

tion. It also provides an alphabetical list of ex commands. Selected vi and ex commands

from Vim are also included.

Appendix B, Setting Options, lists set command options for vi and for all four clones.

Appendix C, Problem Checklists, consolidates checklists found earlier in the book.

Appendix D, vi and the Internet, describes vi’s place in the larger Unix and Internet

culture.

How the Material Is Presented

Our philosophy is to give you a good overview of what we feel are vi survival materials

for the new user. Learning a new editor, especially an editor with all the options of

vi, can seem like an overwhelming task. We have made an effort to present basic con-

cepts and commands in an easy-to-read and logical manner.

After providing the basics for vi, which are usable everywhere, we move on to cover

Vim in depth. We then round out our coverage of the vi landscape by looking at nvi,

elvis, and vile. The following sections describe the conventions used in this book.

Discussion of vi Commands

A picture of a keyboard button, like the one on the left, marks the main discussion

of that particular keyboard command or of related commands. You will find a

brief introduction to the main concept before it is broken down into task-oriented

sections. We then present the appropriate command to use in each case, along with a

description of the command and the proper syntax for using it.

Conventions

In syntax descriptions and examples, what you would actually type is shown in the

Courier font, as are all command names. Filenames are also shown in Courier, as are

program options. Variables (which you would not type literally, but would replace with

an actual value when you type the command) are shown in Courier italic. Brackets

indicate that a variable is optional. For example, in the syntax line:

vi [filename]

filename would be replaced by an actual filename. The brackets indicate that the vi

command can be invoked without specifying a filename at all. The brackets themselves

are not typed.

Preface | xv

Certain examples show the effect of commands typed at the Unix shell prompt. In such

examples, what you actually type is shown in Courier Bold, to distinguish it from the

system response. For example:

$ ls

ch01.xml ch02.xml ch03.xml ch04.xml

In code examples, italic indicates a comment that is not to be typed. Otherwise, italic

introduces special terms and emphasizes anything that needs emphasis.

Following traditional Unix documentation convention, references of the form

printf(3) refer to the online manual (accessed via the man command). This example refers

to the entry for the printf( ) function in section 3 of the manual (you would type man

3 printf on most systems to see it).

Keystrokes

Special keystrokes are shown in a box. For example:

iWith a ESC

Throughout the book, you will also find columns of vi commands and their results:

Keystrokes Results

"practice" [New file] 6 lines, 320 characters

Give the write and save command, ZZ. Your file is saved as a regular Unix file.

In the preceding example, the command ZZ is shown in the left column. In the window

to the right is a line (or several lines) of the screen that show the result of the command.

Cursor position is shown in reverse video. In this instance, since ZZ saves and writes

the file, you see the status line shown when a file is written; the cursor position is not

shown. Below the window is an explanation of the command and its result.

Sometimes vi commands are issued by pressing the CTRL key and another key si-

multaneously. In the text, this combination keystroke is usually written within a box

(for example, CTRL-G). In code examples, it is written by preceding the name of the

key with a caret (^). For example, ^G means to hold down CTRL while pressing the

G key.

Problem Checklist

A problem checklist is included in those sections where you may run into some trouble.

You can skim these checklists and go back to them when you actually encounter a

problem. All of the problem checklists are also collected in Appendix C, for ease of

reference.

xvi | Preface

and find quick answers when you need the most accurate, current information. Try it

for free at http://safari.oreilly.com.

About the Previous Editions

In the fifth edition of this book (then called Learning the vi Editor), the ex editor com-

mands were first discussed more fully. In Chapters 5, 6, and 7, the complex features of

ex and vi were clarified by adding more examples, in topics such as regular expression

syntax, global replacement, .exrc files, word abbreviations, keyboard maps, and edit-

ing scripts. A few of the examples were drawn from articles in Unix World magazine.

Walter Zintz wrote a two-part tutorial

on vi that taught us a few things we didn’t

know, and that also had a lot of clever examples illustrating features we did already

cover in the book. Ray Swartz also had a helpful tip in one of his columns.

†

We are

grateful for the ideas in these articles.

The sixth edition of Learning the vi Editor introduced coverage of four freely available

“clones,” or work-alike editors. Many of them have improvements over the original

vi. One could thus say that there is a “family” of vi editors, and the book’s goal was

to teach you what you need to know to use them. That edition treated nvi, Vim,

elvis, and vile equally.

The sixth edition also added the following features:

• Many minor corrections and additions were made to the basic text.

• For each chapter where appropriate, a command summary was added at the end.

• New chapters covered each vi clone, the features and/or extensions common to

two or more of the clones, and multiwindow editing.

• The chapters for each vi clone described a bit of that program’s history and goals,

its unique features, and where to get it.

• A new appendix described vi’s place in the larger Unix and Internet culture.

Preface to the Seventh Edition

This seventh edition of Learning the vi and Vim Editors retains all the good features of

the sixth edition. Time has proven Vim to be the most popular vi clone, so this edition

adds considerably expanded coverage of that editor (and gives it a place in the title).

However, to be relevant for as many users as possible, we have retained and updated

the material on nvi, elvis, and vile.

“vi Tips for Power Users,” Unix World, April 1990; and “Using vi to Automate Complex Edits,” Unix

World, May 1990. Both articles by Walter Zintz. (See Appendix D for the web location of these articles.)

†

“Answers to Unix,” Unix World, August 1990.

xviii | Preface

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掌握Vi与Vim编辑器：第7版精要

Learning the vi and Vim Editors, Seventh Edition

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