系统管理指南：Sybase Adaptive Server 12.5.1详解

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《系统管理指南》是一本针对Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5.1版本的专业文档，它详细阐述了系统管理员在维护和管理这一数据库平台时所需的各种任务和工具。本书旨在帮助读者理解适应性服务器的核心概念，以及如何高效地进行系统配置、监控、性能调优和安全性管理。首先，该指南的"概述"章节（第1章）介绍了系统管理员的角色和职责。系统管理员负责确保系统的稳定运行，执行包括但不限于数据库备份与恢复、用户管理、权限分配、性能分析以及问题解决等一系列任务。他们需要具备良好的技术背景，熟悉Sybase Adaptive Server的架构和工作原理。 "Adaptive Server administration tasks"部分深入探讨了具体的操作步骤，例如如何通过isql（交互式SQL命令行工具）来进行系统管理操作。isql是一个强大的工具，管理员可以利用它执行查询、数据操纵、表空间管理、配置更改以及监控系统状态等任务。通过熟练掌握isql，管理员能够实现对数据库的精细化控制和高效维护。本书还强调版权和许可协议的重要性，指出所有内容受Sybase公司1989年至2004年的版权保护，并且只能根据许可协议的条款进行使用或复制。对于不同地区的用户，获取额外文档的方式有所不同，美国和加拿大的客户可以通过客户服务部门联系，而国际用户则应联系当地的Sybase子公司或分销商。值得注意的是，该指南的信息可能随时更新，以反映软件的最新发展。因此，在使用文档时，请确保查阅最新的版本或者技术通知，以获取最新的指导和支持。同时，未经Sybase事先书面许可，任何形式的复制、传播或翻译都是禁止的，以保护知识产权。《System Administration Guide》是Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise 12.5.1系统管理员不可或缺的参考资料，它提供了一套完整的操作指南，帮助管理员提升工作效率，确保系统的稳定运行。无论是初次接触该平台的管理员还是经验丰富的专业人士，都能从中获益匪浅。

Contents

xvi

Adaptive Server Enterprise

Changing the wash area for a memory pool ................................ 640

When the wash area is too small .......................................... 642

When the wash area is too large........................................... 643

Changing the asynchronous prefetch limit for a pool................... 644

Changing the size of memory pools............................................. 644

Moving space from the memory pool .................................... 644

Moving space from other memory pools ............................... 645

Adding cache partitions................................................................ 647

Setting the number of cache partitions with sp_configure..... 647

Setting the number of local cache partitions ......................... 647

Precedence ........................................................................... 648

Dropping a memory pool.............................................................. 648

When pools cannot be dropped due to pages use................ 649

Cache binding effects on memory and query plans..................... 649

Flushing pages from cache ................................................... 649

Locking to perform bindings .................................................. 650

Cache binding effects on stored procedures and triggers..... 650

Configuring data caches with the configuration file...................... 650

Cache and pool entries in the configuration file .................... 650

Cache configuration guidelines ............................................. 654

CHAPTER 20 Managing Multiprocessor Servers ............................................. 657

Parallel processing....................................................................... 657

Definitions .................................................................................... 658

Target architecture ....................................................................... 658

Configuring an SMP environment ................................................ 660

Managing engines................................................................. 660

Starting and stopping engines............................................... 661

Managing user connections .................................................. 667

Configuration parameters that affect SMP systems.............. 668

CHAPTER 21 Creating and Managing User Databases................................... 673

Commands for creating and managing user databases .............. 673

Permissions for managing user databases .................................. 674

Using the create database command .......................................... 675

create database syntax ......................................................... 675

How create database works.................................................. 676

Adding users to databases.................................................... 677

Assigning space and devices to databases ................................. 677

Default database size and devices........................................ 678

Estimating the required space............................................... 679

Placing the transaction log on a separate device......................... 679

Estimating the transaction log size........................................ 680

Contents

System Administration Guide xvii

Default log size and device ................................................... 681

Moving the transaction log to another device........................ 682

Using the for load option for database recovery .......................... 683

Using the with override option with create database.................... 684

Changing database ownership..................................................... 684

Using the alter database command ............................................. 685

alter database syntax ............................................................ 685

Using the drop database command ............................................. 687

System tables that manage space allocation............................... 688

The sysusages table ............................................................. 688

Getting information about database storage................................ 690

Database device names and options .................................... 690

Checking the amount of space used..................................... 691

Querying system table for space usage information ............. 694

CHAPTER 22 Database Mount and Unmount .................................................. 695

Manifest file.................................................................................. 696

Considerations ............................................................................. 697

Device allocation ................................................................... 697

Performance considerations.................................................. 698

System restrictions ................................................................ 699

Configuration restrictions....................................................... 699

Logical restrictions................................................................. 700

Device verification ........................................................................ 700

Commands................................................................................... 700

unmounting a database......................................................... 701

Mounting a database............................................................. 702

quiesce database extension.................................................. 705

CHAPTER 23 Setting Database Options .......................................................... 707

What are database options? ........................................................ 707

Using the sp_dboption procedure ................................................ 707

Database option descriptions....................................................... 708

abort tran on log full............................................................... 709

allow nulls by default ............................................................. 709

auto identity........................................................................... 709

dbo use only.......................................................................... 710

ddl in tran............................................................................... 710

identity in nonunique index.................................................... 711

no chkpt on recovery ............................................................. 712

no free space acctg............................................................... 712

read only................................................................................ 712

select into/bulkcopy/pllsort .................................................... 712

Contents

xviii

Adaptive Server Enterprise

single user............................................................................. 713

trunc log on chkpt.................................................................. 713

unique auto_identity index..................................................... 714

Changing database options ......................................................... 715

Viewing the options on a database .............................................. 716

CHAPTER 24 Creating and Using Segments.................................................... 719

What is a segment? ..................................................................... 719

System-defined segments..................................................... 720

Commands and procedures for managing segments .................. 721

Why use segments?..................................................................... 721

Controlling space usage........................................................ 722

Improving performance ......................................................... 722

Moving a table to another device .......................................... 724

Creating segments ....................................................................... 724

Changing the scope of segments................................................. 725

Extending the scope of segments ......................................... 725

Reducing the scope of a segment......................................... 727

Assigning database objects to segments..................................... 727

Creating new objects on segments ....................................... 727

Placing existing objects on segments ................................... 730

Placing text pages on a separate device............................... 733

Creating clustered indexes on segments .............................. 734

Dropping segments ...................................................................... 734

Getting information about segments ............................................ 735

sp_helpsegment.................................................................... 735

sp_helpdb.............................................................................. 736

sp_help and sp_helpindex..................................................... 737

Segments and system tables....................................................... 737

A segment tutorial ........................................................................ 738

Segments and clustered indexes .......................................... 743

CHAPTER 25 Using the reorg Command.......................................................... 745

reorg subcommands .................................................................... 745

When to run a reorg command .................................................... 746

Using the optdiag utility to assess the need for a reorg ............... 747

Space reclamation without the reorg command.................... 747

Moving forwarded rows to home pages ....................................... 748

Using reorg compact to remove row forwarding.................... 749

Reclaiming unused space from deletes and updates .................. 749

Reclaiming unused space and undoing row forwarding............... 750

Rebuilding a table ........................................................................ 750

Prerequisites for running reorg rebuild.................................. 751

Contents

System Administration Guide xix

Using the reorg rebuild command on indexes.............................. 752

Syntax ................................................................................... 752

Comments............................................................................. 753

Limitations ............................................................................. 753

How indexes are rebuilt with reorg rebuild indexname.......... 754

Space requirements for rebuilding an index.......................... 755

Performance characteristics.................................................. 755

Status messages................................................................... 755

resume and time options for reorganizing large tables ................ 756

Specifying no_of_minutes in the time option......................... 756

CHAPTER 26 Checking Database Consistency .............................................. 759

What is the database consistency checker?................................ 759

Understanding page and object allocation concepts.................... 760

Understanding the object allocation map (OAM)................... 763

Understanding page linkage.................................................. 765

What checks can be performed with dbcc? ................................. 765

Checking consistency of databases and tables ........................... 766

dbcc checkstorage ................................................................ 767

dbcc checktable..................................................................... 770

dbcc checkdb ........................................................................ 772

Checking page allocation ............................................................. 772

dbcc checkalloc..................................................................... 773

dbcc indexalloc...................................................................... 774

dbcc tablealloc....................................................................... 775

Correcting allocation errors using the fix | nofix option................. 776

Generating reports with dbcc tablealloc and dbcc indexalloc ...... 776

Checking consistency of system tables ....................................... 777

Strategies for using consistency checking commands................. 778

Comparing the performance of dbcc commands .................. 778

Using large I/O and asynchronous prefetch.......................... 779

Scheduling database maintenance at your site..................... 779

Understanding the output from dbcc commands................... 782

Errors generated by database consistency problems ........... 783

Comparison of soft and hard faults ....................................... 784

Verifying faults with dbcc checkverify........................................... 785

How dbcc checkverify works ................................................. 785

When to use dbcc checkverify............................................... 786

How to use dbcc checkverify................................................. 788

Dropping a damaged database.................................................... 788

Preparing to use dbcc checkstorage............................................ 789

Planning resources................................................................ 790

Configuring Adaptive Server for dbcc checkstorage ............. 794

Creating the dbccdb database .............................................. 797

Contents

Adaptive Server Enterprise

Updating the dbcc_config table............................................. 800

Maintaining dbccdb ...................................................................... 800

Reevaluating and updating dbccdb configuration ................. 801

Cleaning up dbccdb............................................................... 802

Removing workspaces .......................................................... 802

Performing consistency checks on dbccdb ........................... 802

Generating reports from dbccdb .................................................. 803

To report a summary of dbcc checkstorage operations ........ 803

To report configuration, statistics and fault information......... 804

To see configuration information for a target database......... 804

To compare results of dbcc checkstorage operations........... 805

To report faults found in a database object........................... 805

To report statistics information from dbcc_counter ............... 806

Using grant dbcc and revoke dbcc............................................... 807

Server-wide and database-specific dbcc commands............ 807

Storing grant and revoke protection information ................... 808

dbcc grantees and users in databases.................................. 809

CHAPTER 27 Developing a Backup and Recovery Plan ................................. 811

Keeping track of database changes............................................. 812

Getting information about the transaction log........................ 812

Synchronizing a database and its log: checkpoints ..................... 813

Setting the recovery interval.................................................. 813

Automatic checkpoint procedure........................................... 814

Truncating the log after automatic checkpoints..................... 814

Free checkpoints................................................................... 815

Manually requesting a checkpoint......................................... 815

Automatic recovery after a system failure or shutdown ............... 816

Determining whether messages are displayed during recovery...

817

Fast recovery ............................................................................... 817

Adaptive Server start-up sequence....................................... 817

Bringing engines online early ................................................ 818

Parallel recovery.................................................................... 818

Database recovery enhancements........................................ 819

Recovery order...................................................................... 820

Parallel checkpoints .............................................................. 820

Recovery state ...................................................................... 821

Tuning for fast recovery......................................................... 822

User-defined database recovery order......................................... 823

Using sp_dbrecovery_order .................................................. 824

Changing or deleting the recovery position of a database .... 825

Listing the user-assigned recovery order of databases......... 825

Fault isolation during recovery ..................................................... 826

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