TI bq2060: 智能电池电量计芯片

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"bq2060是一款由TI（德州仪器）生产的电池管理芯片，主要用于电池电量监测和管理。这款器件适用于镍镉、镍氢、锂离子和铅酸电池，提供精确的剩余电量和运行时间预测。" 文章内容： bq2060是一款高度集成的智能电池管理系统IC，它符合SBS（Smart Battery System）规范v1.1，旨在为各种类型的可充电电池（如镍镉、镍氢、锂离子和铅酸电池）提供准确的电量测量和剩余容量指示。该器件设计有28-pin 150-mil SSOP封装。 bq2060的主要特性包括： 1. 支持2-Wire SMBus v1.1接口和1-Wire HDQ16协议，用于与系统通信，报告电池状态。 2. 内置电池电量监测功能，可以提供准确的可用电量测量，支持镍氢、镍镉、锂离子电池的充放电管理。 3. 提供了LED驱动器，可以显示电池剩余容量，通常以20%或25%的增量用4或5个段显示。 4. 可以监测并报告每个电池单元的电压，对于多节电池的应用，这一点尤为重要。 5. 集成了自放电率补偿功能，能够根据电池的化学特性和老化程度进行调整。 6. 包含温度监测（TS），过热保护（THON）和恒压（CVON）功能，确保电池在安全范围内工作。 7. 通过外部EEPROM存储电池配置信息，如电池化学类型、自放电率、补偿因子、测量校准值、设计电压和容量等参数。在应用中，bq2060通过连接到系统的SMBus接口，可以实时传输电池的状态数据，如电池电压、电流、温度以及剩余容量。这有助于系统优化电源管理，延长设备运行时间，并确保电池在最佳条件下工作。此外，bq2060还提供了短路保护（SR1, SR2, SRC）和电池故障检测（CFC, DFC）功能，增强了电池组的安全性。 bq2060是一款高效、多功能的电池管理解决方案，广泛应用于便携式电子设备、电动工具、医疗设备以及其他需要精确电池监控的系统中。其强大的电池管理和保护特性使得它成为设计者在处理电池相关项目时的理想选择。

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bq2060

SLUS035E – JANUARY 2000 – REVISED OCTOBER 2005

A qualified discharge occurs if the battery discharges from RM ≥ FCC – Near Full * 2 to the EDV2 voltage

threshold with the following conditions:

• No valid charge activity occurs during the discharge period. A valid charge is defined as an input 10 mAh into

the battery.

• No more than 256 mAh of self-discharge and/or light discharge estimation occurs during the discharge

period.

• The temperature does not drop below 5 ° C during the discharge period.

• The battery voltage reaches the EDV2 threshold during the discharge period and the voltage was less than

the EDV2 threshold minus 256 mV when bq2060 detected EDV2.

• No midrange voltage correction occurs during the discharge period.

FCC cannot be reduced by more than 256 mAh or increased by more than 512 mAh during any single update

cycle. The bq2060 saves the new FCC value to the EEPROM within 4 s of being updated.

Table 3. bq2060 Register Functions

COMMAND CODE

FUNCTION SMBus ACCESS UNITS

SMBus HDQ16

ManufacturerAccess 0x00 0x00 read/write n/a

RemainingCapacityAlarm 0x01 0x01 read/write mAh, 10 mWh

RemainingTimeAlarm 0x02 0x02 read/write minutes

BatteryMode 0x03 0x03 read/write n/a

AtRate 0x04 0x04 read/write mAh, 10 mWh

AtRateTimeToFull 0x05 0x05 read minutes

AtRateTimeToEmpty 0x06 0x06 read minutes

AtRateOK 0x07 0x07 read Boolean

Temperature 0x08 0x08 read 0.1 ° K

Voltage 0x09 0x09 read mV

Current 0x0a 0x0a read mA

AverageCurrent 0x0b 0x0b read mA

MaxError 0X0c 0X0c read percent

RelativeStateOfCharge 0x0d 0x0d read percent

AbsoluteStateOfCharge 0x0e 0x0e read percent

RemainingCapacity 0x0f 0x0f read mAh, 10 mWh

FullChargeCapacity 0x10 0x10 read mAh, 10 mWh

RunTimeToEmpty 0x11 0x11 read minutes

AverageTimeToEmpty 0x12 0x12 read minutes

AverageTimeToFull 0x13 0x13 read minutes

ChargingCurrent 0x14 0x14 read mA

ChargingVoltage 0x15 0x15 read mV

Battery Status 0x16 0x16 read n/a

CycleCount 0x17 0x17 read cycles

DesignCapacity 0x18 0x18 read mAh, 10 mWh

DesignVoltage 0x19 0x19 read mV

SpecificationInfo 0x1a 0x1a read n/a

ManufactureDate 0x1b 0x1b read n/a

SerialNumber 0x1c 0x1c read Integer

Reserved 0x1d-0x1f 0x1d-0x1f - -

ManufacturerName 0x20 0x20-0x25 read string

DeviceName 0x21 0x28-0x2b read string

DeviceChemistry 0x22 0x30-0x32 read string

ManufacturerData 0x23 0x38-0x3b read string

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Self-Discharge

bq2060

SLUS035E – JANUARY 2000 – REVISED OCTOBER 2005

Table 3. bq2060 Register Functions (continued)

COMMAND CODE

FUNCTION SMBus ACCESS UNITS

SMBus HDQ16

Pack Status 0x2f (LSB) 0x2f (LSB) read/write n/a

Pack Configuration 0x2f (MSB) 0x2f (MSB) read/write n/a

VCELL4 0x3c 0x3c read/write mV

VCELL3 0x3d 0x3d read/write mV

VCELL2 0x3e 0x3e read/write mV

VCELL1 0x3f 0x3f read/write mV

Table 4. State of Charge Based on Low Battery Voltage

THRESHOLD STATE OF CHARGE IN RM

EDV0 0%

EDV1 3%

EDV2 Battery Low %

End-of-Discharge Thresholds And Capacity Correction

The bq2060 monitors the battery for three low-voltage thresholds, EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2. The EDV thresholds

are programmed in EDVF/EDV0 EE 0x72–0x73, EMF/EDV1 EE 0x74–0x75, and EDV C1/C0 Factor/ EDV2 EE

0x78–0x79. If the CEDV bit in Pack Configuration is set, automatic EDV compensation is enabled and the

bq2060 computes the EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 thresholds based on the values in EE 0x72–0x7d, 0x06, and the

battery’s current discharge rate, temperature, capacity, and cycle count. The bq2060 disables EDV detection if

Current() exceeds the Overload Current threshold programmed in EE 0x46 - EE 0x47. The bq2060 resumes

EDV threshold detection after Current() drops below the overload current threshold. Any EDV threshold detected

is reset after a 10-mAh charge is applied.

The bq2060 uses the thresholds to apply voltage-based corrections to the RM register according to Table 4 .

The bq2060 adjusts RM as it detects each threshold. If the voltage threshold is reached before the corresponding

capacity on discharge, the bq2060 reduces RM to the appropriate amount as shown in Table 4 . If RM reaches

the capacity level before the voltage threshold is reached on discharge, the bq2060 prevents RM from

decreasing until the battery voltage reaches the corresponding threshold.

The bq2060 estimates the self-discharge of the battery to maintain an accurate measure of the battery capacity

during periods of inactivity. The algorithm for self-discharge estimation takes a programmed estimate for the

expected self-discharge rate at 25 ° C stored in EEPROM and makes a fixed reduction to RM of an amount equal

to RemainingCapacity()/256. The bq2060 makes the fixed reduction at a varying time interval that is adjusted to

achieve the desired self-discharge rate. This method maintains a constant granularity of 0.39% for each

self-discharge adjustment, which may be performed multiple times per day, instead of once per day with a

potentially large reduction.

The self-discharge estimation rate for 25 ° C is doubled for each 10 degrees above 25 ° C or halved for each 10

degrees below 25 ° C. The following table shows the relation of the self-discharge estimation at a given

temperature to the rate programmed for 25 ° C (Y% per day):

TEMPERATURE (C) SELF-DISCHARGE RATE

Temp < 10 ¼Y% per day

10 ≤ Temp <20 ½Y% per day

20 ≤ Temp <30 Y% per day

30 ≤ Temp <40 2Y% per day

40 ≤ Temp <50 4Y% per day

50 ≤ Temp <60 8Y% per day

60 ≤ Temp <70 16Y% per day

70 ≤ Temp 32Y% per day

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Self−DischargeUpdateTime 

640  13500

256  n  (Y% per day)

seconds

(2)

640  13500

256  n  (Y% per day)

 6750 seconds

(3)

Light Discharge Or Suspend Current Compensation

bq2060

SLUS035E – JANUARY 2000 – REVISED OCTOBER 2005

The interval at which RM is reduced is given by the following equation, where n is the appropriate factor of 2 n =

¼ , ½ , 1, 2, . . . ):

The timer that keeps track of the self-discharge update time is halted whenever charge activity is detected. The

timer is reset to zero if the bq2060 reaches the RemainingCapacity()=FullChargeCapacity() condition while

charging.

Example: If T = 35 ° C (n = 2) and programmed self-discharge rate Y is 2.5 (2.5% per day at 25 ° C), the bq2060

reduces RM by RM/256 (0.39%) every

Figure 7. Self-Discharge at 2.5%/Day @25 ° C

This means that a 0.39% reduction of RM is made 12.8 times per day to achieve the desired 5% per day

reduction at 35 ° C.

Figure 7 illustrates how the self-discharge estimate algorithm adjusts RemainingCapacity() versus temperature.

The bq2060 can be configured in two ways to compensate for small discharge currents that produce a signal

below the digital filter. First, the bq2060 can decrement RM and DCR at a rate determined by the value stored in

Light Discharge Current EE 0x2b when it detects no discharge activity and the SMBC and SMBD lines are high.

Light Discharge Current has a range of 44 µA to 11.2 mA.

Alternatively, the bq2060 can be configured to disable the digital filter for discharge when the SMBC and SMBD

lines are high. In this way, the digital filter does not mask the leakage current signal. The bq2060 is configured in

this mode by setting the NDF bit in Control Mode.

Midrange Capacity Corrections

The bq2060 applies midrange capacity corrections when the VCOR bit is set in Pack Configuration. The bq2060

adjusts RM to the associated percentage at three different voltage levels: VOC25, VOC50, and VOC75. The

VOC values represent the open-circuit battery voltage which RM corresponds to the associated state of charge

for each threshold.

THRESHOLD ASSOCIATED STATE OF CHARGE

VOC25 25%

VOC50 50%

VOC75 75%

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