Jabber开发者指南：构建XMPP通信应用

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《Jabber开发者手册》是一本由Sams Publishing出版的专业书籍，专为Jabber（一种基于XML的实时通讯协议）开发人员设计。Jabber作为一种开放源代码的通信协议，最初由XMPP（Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol）提供支持，常用于即时通讯、在线协作和企业级应用中。本书旨在深入探讨Jabber技术的各个方面，包括架构、协议细节、API使用、安全措施以及开发最佳实践。书中涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. Jabber基础知识：介绍了Jabber的起源、工作原理以及它在互联网通信中的地位，让读者对整个生态系统有全面了解。 2. XMPP协议详解：详细解读XMPP协议的核心组件，如Stanzas（消息单元）、Addressing（地址格式）和Session Establishment（会话建立），帮助开发者理解如何构建有效的通信链路。 3. 客户端和服务器开发：讲解如何使用各种编程语言（如Java、Python、C#等）实现Jabber客户端和服务器端应用程序，包括连接管理、消息处理、认证授权等核心功能。 4. 网络安全与隐私：介绍SSL/TLS加密、OAuth授权和XEPs（XMPP扩展协议）的安全实践，确保数据传输的安全性。 5. 实时通信优化：探讨如何提高性能，如负载均衡、消息队列和事件驱动编程，以支持大规模用户并发和高效消息传递。 6. 集成与部署：提供了实用的指导，教读者如何将Jabber集成到现有的企业系统中，并优化部署策略。 7. 案例研究与实战项目：通过真实项目的分析和实战演练，展示了如何将理论知识应用到实际开发中，帮助读者提升解决问题的能力。 8. 最新发展与趋势：关注Jabber技术的最新动态，包括XMPP 1.0版本升级、XMPP 3.0的展望以及新兴的应用场景，如物联网和WebRTC的结合。《Jabber开发者手册》不仅是技术入门指南，也是一本深入学习和实践经验分享的宝典，对于希望在即时通讯领域有所建树的开发人员来说，这本书是不可或缺的参考资料。作者Dana Moore和William Wright以其丰富的经验和深入浅出的写作风格，确保了读者无论初入此道还是已有一定经验，都能从中获益良多。

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank our colleague, Rich Kilmer, the author of the Ruby

Jabber library, for introducing us to Jabber.We also thank the editors and reviewers for

their invaluable help in making this book clear, correct, and readable.

We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Mark Greaves and the DARPA Ultralog

Program for giving us a testbed for trying out ideas that materially informed both our

philosophy and technical approach.

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Introduction: Let’s Jabber

“First principles, Clarice. Simplicity. Read Marcus Aurelius. Of each particular thing, ask,‘What is

it, in itself, what is its nature…?’”

Dr. Hannibal Lecter, Silence of the Lambs

IN LOOKING AT HOW WE COULD BEST SERVE our readers, we had to decide whether to

ask you to spend your time wading through the detail of what particular messages look

like (and there are many of them) or to focus more on interesting applications. Because

the details of message formats are well-documented elsewhere (see Appendixes A and C

for resources), and because the debugger capabilities incorporated in many of the freely

available IM-style Jabber clients accurately show the XML structure of messages sent and

received, we felt that your interests as a developer would be best served if we would give

you more interesting examples with lots of working code that you could build on.

As developers ourselves, we felt that one good example is worth a thousand words

of protocol specification.That is not to say that we won’t cover message structure and

protocol—we will. However, we learned Jabber by constructing model applications and

observing how they worked, and we suspect that most other developers work this way,

too. Frankly, it’s more leverageable to learn the high-level APIs in the JabberBeans (Java)

and JabberPy (Python) libraries than to know the precise XML structure of every poten-

tial message and message type.

Jabber Enables Peer-to-Peer Computing

We will also cover the open-source Jabber server and how it works. Although Jabber

makes use of a server between clients, we tend to think of it as enabling an inherently

peer-to-peer (P2P) application model.

In truth, P2P can take many shapes, some of which have servers in the Net, and some

of which don’t. Jabber is, we maintain, very much a way to create P2P applications. In

one of the applications we show in Chapter 3, “Jabber Client Protocol,” for example, we

show you a P2P style application for photo and MP3 sharing. In Chapter 7, “Jabber and

Web Services,” we offer code that shows off Jabber’s capability to tunnel firewalls.

01 0672325365 Intro 1/21/05 2:22 PM Page 1

Introduction

With its use of Jabber Identifiers as an alternate address space, its capability to tran-

scend firewalls, and its capability to queue messages and create long-lived sessions, Jabber

is the very essence of P2P services.

In this book, we are specifically interested in presenting Jabber as a P2P protocol for

unifying the various pieces of distributed applications and providing applications that

demonstrate a preferred way to create architectural patterns such as software agents and

Web services.

Jabber Enables an Evolved System Architecture

Software paradigms tend to move much more slowly than we think.The World Wide

We b, for example, ignored the vast computing power at the end of a network connec-

tion, turning the personal computer back into a glass terminal, recapitulating for users

the ancient experience of the old 3270 style bi-synchronous terminal. Although the

implementation was worlds apart from mainframe computing, the users’ experience had

much the same feel.

When we think about systems, especially distributed systems 10, 20, 50 years hence,

we might therefore imagine that things may be very different, or not change much really.

In the last 50 years, we have evolved from single large monolithic systems to loosely

coupled architectures that are systems of systems. One genuinely new model has been

the notion of “conversational systems,” in which software modules exchange messages

with one another. Sometimes the content of these messages may be intended for human

participants and sometimes not.What we think of as program modules may start to look

like software agents, with request/response semantics transported as messages.

Therefore, it may be that conversational systems, transporting richly encoded contents

between software elements, offer the most elegant and robust mechanism for solving the

toughest programming challenge we face today: constructing robust systems of systems.

This may still be true even years from now. A single software process may contain just

enough functionality to either service requests from other processes or make requests

from other processes.

Successful software may therefore involve knitting together the capabilities of bits of

code written not as a part of some narrowly focused application but as a contributor to a

global software conversation. Every program will exist in a network fabric of other soft-

ware from which it will get significant parts of its functionality.

It is an underlying theme of this book, then, that future systems of systems will

indeed be based on a conversational, message-based transport architecture such as Jabber

because all network endpoints will look like loosely coupled, highly autonomous, dis-

tributed computational entities with conversation-like syntactic/semantic capabilities.You

will find concrete examples of computational entities engaged in conversational relation-

ships throughout the sample applications in the book.

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