Oracle 11g R1 实战：Real Application Clusters 指南

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"Oracle® Database 2Day + Real Application Clusters Guide 11g Release 1 (11.1)" 是一本由Oracle公司出版的官方权威指南，主要针对Oracle Database 11.1版本的Real Application Clusters (RAC) 技术进行详细讲解。这本书由Janet Stern作为主要作者，多名Oracle专家参与编写，提供了关于如何设计、实施和管理Oracle RAC环境的全面指导。 Oracle RAC是一种高可用性和可伸缩性的数据库解决方案，它允许多个实例同时访问同一个物理数据库，从而实现负载均衡和故障切换。在本书中，读者可以学习到以下关键知识点： 1. **RAC基础**：理解RAC的基本概念，包括集群、节点、实例和数据库的结构，以及它们之间的关系。 2. **安装与配置**：详述了在不同操作系统平台上安装和配置Oracle RAC的步骤，包括Grid Infrastructure、Oracle Clusterware和Oracle RAC软件的安装。 3. **网络配置**：讨论了Cluster Interconnect和Public Network的设置，以及如何通过OCR（Oracle Cluster Registry）和Voting Disks进行集群的管理和同步。 4. **高可用性策略**：涵盖了故障检测、故障恢复、服务自动重启和资源管理等，确保RAC环境的稳定运行。 5. **性能优化**：提供性能监控和调优的技巧，包括SQL优化、数据块缓存和I/O子系统的调整。 6. **安全管理**：讨论了在RAC环境中如何实施用户权限管理、审计和加密策略。 7. **备份与恢复**：介绍了在RAC环境下执行数据库备份和恢复的最佳实践，包括RMAN（Recovery Manager）的使用。 8. **维护与升级**：包含了日常维护任务，如补丁应用、版本升级和数据库扩展。 9. **灾难恢复计划**：阐述了构建灾难恢复策略和热站/冷站备份方案。 10. **案例研究**：可能包含实际应用场景的案例分析，帮助读者将理论知识应用于实际工作。本书旨在帮助数据库管理员和IT专业人员掌握Oracle RAC的核心概念和技术，提升数据库的可用性和性能，确保业务连续性。由于是官方出版物，书中的信息具有权威性，可作为参考和学习的重要资源。然而，读者需要注意，书中信息可能随时间而变化，应结合最新的产品文档和技术支持来获取最准确的指导。

Tools for Installing, Configuring, and Managing Oracle RAC

1-4 Oracle Database 2 Day + Real Application Clusters Guide

database instance. Every server running one or more database instances that use ASM

for storage has an ASM instance. In an Oracle RAC environment, there is one ASM

instance for each node, and the ASM instances communicate with each other on a

peer-to-peer basis. Only one ASM instance is required for each node regardless of the

number of database instances on the node.

Oracle recommends that you use ASM for your database file storage, instead of raw

devices or the operating system file system. However, databases can have a mixture of

ASM files and non-ASM files.

Tools for Installing, Configuring, and Managing Oracle RAC

The following is a description of the tools used for installing, configuring, and

managing an Oracle RAC database:

■ Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)–OUI installs the Oracle Clusterware and the

Oracle Database software with Oracle RAC. After you configure the nodes that

you want to use in your cluster, OUI installs the Oracle software on the specified

nodes using a network connection.

■ Cluster Verification Utility (CVU)–The CVU is a command-line tool that you can

use to verify a range of cluster and Oracle RAC components such as shared

storage devices, networking configurations, system requirements, and Oracle

Clusterware, as well as operating system groups and users. You can use the CVU

for preinstallation as well as postinstallation checks of your cluster environment.

The CVU is especially useful during preinstallation and during installation of

Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC components. OUI runs the CVU after the

Oracle Clusterware installation to verify your environment.

■ Oracle Enterprise Manager–Oracle Enterprise Manager has both the Database

Control and Grid Control graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for managing single-

instance and Oracle RAC environments.

■ Server Control (SRVCTL)–SRVCTL is a command-line interface that you can use to

manage the resources defined in the Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR). These

resources include the node applications, called nodeapps, that make up Oracle

Clusterware, which includes the Oracle Notification Service (ONS), the Global

Services Daemon (GSD), and the Virtual IP (VIP). Other resources that can be

managed by SRVCTL include databases, instances, listeners, services, applications,

and Oracle Enterprise Manager agents. Using SRVCTL you can start and stop

nodeapps, databases, instances, listeners, and services, delete or move instances

and services, add services, and manage configuration information.

■ Cluster Ready Services Control (CRSCTL)–CRSCTL is a command-line tool that

you can use to manage Oracle Clusterware daemons. These daemons include

Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS), Cluster-Ready Services (CRS), and Event

Manager (EVM). You can use CRSCTL to start and stop Oracle Clusterware and to

determine the current status of your Oracle Clusterware installation.

See Also:

■ Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment

Guide

About Checking Requirements

2-2 Oracle Database 2 Day + Real Application Clusters Guide

You will need at least 3.5 GB of available disk space for the Oracle Database home

directory and at least 3.3 GB of available disk space for the Automatic Storage

Management (ASM) home directory. You will also need 2 GB of disk available space

for the Oracle Clusterware software installation. For best performance and protection,

you should have multiple disks, each using a different disk controller.

An Oracle RAC database is a shared everything database. All datafiles, control files, redo

log files, and the server parameter file (SPFILE) used by the Oracle RAC database

must reside on shared storage that is accessible by all the Oracle RAC database

instances. The Oracle RAC installation that is described in this guide uses ASM for the

shared storage of the database files.

Oracle Clusterware achieves superior scalability and high availability by using the

following components:

■ Voting disk–Manages cluster membership and arbitrates cluster ownership

between the nodes in case of network failures. The voting disk is a file that resides

on shared storage. For high availability, Oracle recommends that you have more

than one voting disk, and that you have an odd number of voting disks. If you

define a single voting disk, then use mirroring at the file system level for

redundancy.

■ Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR)–Maintains cluster configuration information as

well as configuration information about any cluster database within the cluster.

The OCR contains information such as which database instances run on which

nodes and which services run on which databases. The OCR also stores

information about processes that Oracle Clusterware controls. The OCR resides on

shared storage that is accessible by all the nodes in your cluster. Oracle

Clusterware can multiplex, or maintain multiple copies of, the OCR and Oracle

recommends that you use this feature to ensure high availability.

These Oracle Clusterware components require the following additional disk space:

■ Two Oracle Clusterware Registry files, 280 MB each, or 560 MB total disk space

■ Three voting disk files, 280 MB each, or 840 MB total disk space

For voting disk file placement, ensure that each voting disk is configured so that it

does not share any hardware device or disk, or other single point of failure. See

"Configuring Block Devices for Oracle Clusterware Files" on page 2-19 for more

information about configuring Oracle Clusterware files.

Note: When you install the Oracle Database software, Oracle

Universal Installer (OUI) automatically performs hardware

prerequisite checks and notifies you if they are not met.

Note: Refer to the installation guides for your operating system for

the actual disk space requirements. The amount of disk space used by

the Oracle software can vary, and might be higher than what is listed

in this guide.

Note: Both the voting disks and the OCR must reside on shared

devices that you configure before you install Oracle Clusterware and

Oracle RAC.

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Oracle 11g R1 实战：Real Application Clusters 指南

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