暗物质与暗辐射的新理论：带电隐藏与手性相互作用

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"隐藏的带电暗物质和手性暗辐射" 这篇物理学文章发表在Physics Letters B773(2017)513–520上，由P. Koa, Natsumi Nagata 和 Yong Tang共同撰写。文章探讨了一个独特的暗物质模型，该模型假设暗物质（DM）与一种手性费米子相互作用，这些费米子存在于一个隐藏的SU（N）和U（1）规范相互作用框架中。这一理论是基于近期观测到的哈勃常数H0和普朗克卫星及其他测量之间可能存在差异的背景，这些差异主要体现在结构增长率σ8上。在这个模型中，暗物质被设想为狄拉克费米子且在隐藏的SU（N）群下为单重态，同时还在U（1）规范对称性下带有电荷，使得它能够与手性费米子发生相互作用。当SU（N）群处于约束状态时，隐藏的夸克会形成冷凝物，自发破缺U（1）规范对称性，保留下来的离散对称性保证了暗物质的稳定性。同时，这个过程也会破坏风味对称性，导致Nambu-Goldstone玻色子的出现。在限制尺度之上和之下，隐藏的U（1）规范玻色子和隐藏的夸克/Nambu-Goldstone玻色子构成了所谓的暗辐射（DR）。在N=2的特殊情况中，这些轻粒子的存在增加了中微子的有效数量，即δNeff ≃ 0.59，这有可能解释普朗克和哈勃太空望远镜在H0测量上的观测差异。暗物质与暗辐射通过隐藏的U（1）规范相互作用持续散射，这个过程影响了物质的能量谱，从而降低了结构增长速率。这种相互作用可能是解决观测数据之间张力的关键机制，同时它也为理解宇宙早期阶段的物理提供了新的视角。文章经过多次修订，最终于2017年8月24日被接受，并在9月5日在线发布。编辑为J. Hisano。此研究深化了我们对暗物质和暗辐射的理解，可能对未来的宇宙学模型和实验设计产生重要影响。

Physics Letters B 773 (2017) 513–520

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Physics Letters B

www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb

Hidden charged dark matter and chiral dark radiation

P. Ko

, Natsumi Nagata

b,∗

, Yong Tang

School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study , Seoul 02455, South Korea

Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history:

Received

30 June 2017

Received

in revised form 27 July 2017

Accepted

24 August 2017

Available

online 5 September 2017

Editor:

J. Hisano

In the light of recent possible tensions in the Hubble constant H

and the structure growth rate σ

between the Planck and other measurements, we investigate a hidden-charged dark matter (DM)

model where DM interacts with hidden chiral fermions, which are charged under the hidden SU(N)

and U(1) gauge interactions. The symmetries in this model assure these fermions to be massless. The

DM in this model, which is a Dirac fermion and singlet under the hidden SU(N), is also assumed to

be charged under the U(1) gauge symmetry, through which it can interact with the chiral fermions.

Below the conﬁnement scale of SU(N), the hidden quark condensate spontaneously breaks the U(1) gauge

symmetry such that there remains a discrete symmetry, which accounts for the stability of DM. This

condensate also breaks a ﬂavor symmetry in this model and Nambu–Goldstone bosons associated with

this ﬂavor symmetry appear below the conﬁnement scale. The hidden U(1) gauge boson and hidden

quarks/Nambu–Goldstone bosons are components of dark radiation (DR) above/below the conﬁnement

scale. These light ﬁelds increase the effective number of neutrinos by δN

eff

 0.59 above the conﬁnement

scale for N = 2, resolving the tension in the measurements of the Hubble constant by Planck and

Hubble Space Telescope if the conﬁnement scale is  1eV. DM and DR continuously scatter with each

other via the hidden U(1) gauge interaction, which suppresses the matter power spectrum and results

in a smaller structure growth rate. The DM sector couples to the Standard Model sector through the

exchange of a real singlet scalar mixing with the Higgs boson, which makes it possible to probe our

model in DM direct detection experiments. Variants of this model are also discussed, which may offer

alternative ways to investigate this scenario.

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP

1. Introduction

Cold Dark Matter (CDM) has been one of the main paradigms

to account for the missing mass in our Universe. It provides a

consistent theoretical framework and viable explanations for the

compelling patterns observed in cosmic microwave background

(CMB), large scale structure (LSS), galactic rotation curves, and so

on. On top of its success, various microscopic models of CDM have

been proposed, most of which modify the ultraviolet behavior of

the Standard Model (SM) with new, weakly-interacting degrees of

freedom. In these models, physics after Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis

(BBN) essentially does not change from the standard cosmology

since CDM decoupled earlier, except rare late-time annihilation

and/or possible decay of DM.

The

framework of CDM, however, does not fully determine par-

ticle

contents and interactions in DM models, which leave a plenty

Corresponding author.

E-mail

address: natsumi@hep-th.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp (N. Nagata).

of freedom for model building. For instance, we may consider

a CDM model which contains extra stable particles besides DM

and/or some interactions that are less relevant to the thermal relic

abundance of DM particles. In this paper, we discuss a scenario

where DM interacts with other very light particles even after the

BBN time. These light particles behave as dark radiation (DR) in the

Universe. The motivation for such a scenario is twofold: theoreti-

cally

and observationally. On the theory side, DM–DR interactions

are actually found in various models, such as hidden charged DM

[1–12], atomic DM [13–15], composite DM [16–21], and so on. Our

model provides a simple example for such models, which may be

embedded into a more fundamental theoretical framework.

the observation side, such a scenario could help to re-

solve

some controversies in the CDM paradigm [22,23]; for exam-

ple,

some recent models [24–28] may relax the tensions in the

Hubble constant H

and the structure growth rate σ

obtained

in the Planck and other low red-shift measurements. The lat-

est

Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data [29] gives H

= 73.24 ±

1.74 km s

−1

Mpc

−1

, which is about 3σ larger than the Planck

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.08.065

0370-2693/

SCOAP

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